N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF2 in cell state transition and antitumor immunity.

Recent studies revealed that the YTHDF family proteins bind preferentially to the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-modified mRNA and regulate functions of these RNAs in different cell types. YTHDF2, the first identified m6A reader in mammals, has garnered significant attention because of its profound effect to regulate the m6A epitranscriptome in multiple biological processes. Here, we review current knowledge on the mechanisms by which YTHDF2 exerts its functions and discuss recent advances that underscore the multifaceted role of YTHDF2 in development, stem cell expansion and immune evasion.

Dealing With the Complexity of Effective Population Size in Conservation Practice.

Effective population size () is one of the most important parameters in evolutionary biology, as it is linked to the long-term survival capability of species. Therefore, greatly interests conservation geneticists, but it is also very relevant to policymakers, managers, and conservation practitioners. Molecular methods to estimate rely on various assumptions, including no immigration, panmixia, random sampling, absence of spatial genetic structure, and/or mutation-drift equilibrium.

Psychiatrists' Experiences, Training Needs, and Preferences Regarding Prescription and Management of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Within Psychiatric Care.

Background: People living with mental illness (PLWMI) experience a disproportionate prevalence and incidence of HIV. Preventing HIV among PLWMI is a priority for multiple domestic public health agencies. As key clinicians for this group, psychiatrists may have an important role to play in increasing PrEP use among PLWMI.

Anthropogenic Aerosols Have Significantly Weakened the Regional Summertime Circulation in the Northern Hemisphere During the Satellite Era.

Reanalysis data show a significant weakening of summertime circulation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes in the satellite era with implications for surface weather extremes. Recent work showed the weakening is not significantly affected by changes in the Arctic, but did not examine the role of different anthropogenic forcings such as aerosols. Here we use the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP) simulations to quantify the impact of anthropogenic aerosol and greenhouse gas forcing.

Molecular origins of exciton condensation in van der Waals heterostructure bilayers.

Recent experiments have realized exciton condensation in bilayer materials such as graphene double layers and the van der Waals heterostructure MoSe-WSe with the potential for nearly frictionless energy transport. Here we computationally observe the microscopic beginnings of exciton condensation in a molecular-scale fragment of MoSe-WSe, using advanced electronic structure methods based on reduced density matrices. We establish a connection between the signature of exciton condensation-the presence of a large eigenvalue in the particle-hole reduced density matrix-and experimental evidence of exciton condensation in the material.

Leveraging ligand-based proton and electron transfer for aerobic reactivity and catalysis.

While O is an abundant, benign, and thermodynamically potent oxidant, it is also kinetically inert. This frequently limits its use in synthetic transformations. Correspondingly, direct aerobic reactivity with O often requires comparatively harsh or forcing conditions to overcome this kinetic barrier.

Family-Wide Photoproximity Profiling of Integrin Protein Social Networks in Cancer.

Integrin family transmembrane receptors mediate dynamic interactions between cells and their extracellular microenvironment. The heterogeneous interaction partners of integrins directly regulate cell adhesion, motility, proliferation, and intracellular signaling. Despite the recognized importance of protein-protein interactions and the formation of signaling hubs around integrins, the ability to detect and quantify these dynamic binding partners with high spatial and temporal resolution remains challenging.

Influences on androgen deprivation therapy prescribing before surgery in high-risk prostate cancer.

Objectives: To understand how best to further reduce the inappropriate use of pre-surgical androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), we investigated the determinants (influences) of ADT prescribing in urologists in two European countries using an established behavioural science approach. Additionally, we sought to understand how resource limitations caused by COVID-19 influenced this practice. Identification of key determinants, of undistributed and disrupted practice, will aid development of future strategies to reduce inappropriate ADT prescribing in current and future resource-limited settings.

Anthraquinone-based covalent organic framework as a recyclable direct hydrogen atom transfer photocatalyst for C-H functionalization.

Photocatalytic direct hydrogen atom transfer (d-HAT) is a synthetically important strategy to convert C-H bonds to useful C-X bonds. Herein we report the synthesis of an anthraquinone-based two-dimensional covalent organic framework, DAAQ-COF, as a recyclable d-HAT photocatalyst for C-H functionalization. Powder X-ray diffraction, N sorption isotherms, solid-state NMR spectra, infrared spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis characterized DAAQ-COF as a crystalline, porous COF with a stable ketoenamine linkage and strong absorption in the visible region.

Racial Disparities in Surgical Management For Early-Stage Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Recurrent Dysplasia.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between race and the treatment of laryngeal dysplasia and early-stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Setting: Large multispecialty academic medical center.

Photoinduced charge separation and DNA self-repair depend on sequence directionality and stacking pattern.

Charge separation is one of the most common consequences of the absorption of UV light by DNA. Recently, it has been shown that this process can enable efficient self-repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in specific short DNA oligomers such as the GAT[double bond, length as m-dash]T sequence. The mechanism was characterized as sequential electron transfer through the nucleobase stack which is controlled by the redox potentials of nucleobases and their sequence.

Newly synthesized 6-substituted piperazine/phenyl-9-cyclopentyl containing purine nucleobase analogs act as potent anticancer agents and induce apoptosis inhibiting Src in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Newly synthesized 6-substituted piperazine/phenyl-9-cyclopentyl-containing purine nucleobase analogs were tested for their anticancer activity against human cancer cells. Compounds 15, 17-24, 49, and 56 with IC values less than 10 μM were selected for further examination on an enlarged panel of liver cancer cell lines. Experiments revealed that compound 19 utilizes its high cytotoxic potential (IC < 5 μM) to induce apoptosis .

HIF-stabilizing biomaterials: from hypoxia-mimicking to hypoxia-inducing.

Recent advances in our understanding of hypoxia and hypoxia-mediated mechanisms shed light on the critical implications of the hypoxic stress on cellular behavior. However, tools emulating hypoxic conditions (, low oxygen tensions) for research are limited and often suffer from major shortcomings, such as lack of reliability and off-target effects, and they usually fail to recapitulate the complexity of the tissue microenvironment. Fortunately, the field of biomaterials is constantly evolving and has a central role to play in the development of new technologies for conducting hypoxia-related research in several aspects of biomedical research, including tissue engineering, cancer modeling, and modern drug screening.

Electron Leak From the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Complex I at Site I Is Crucial for Oxygen Sensing in Rabbit and Human Ductus Arteriosus.

Background As partial pressure of oxygen (pO) rises with the first breath, the ductus arteriosus (DA) constricts, diverting blood flow to the pulmonary circulation. The DA's O sensor resides within smooth muscle cells. The DA smooth muscle cells' mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in proportion to oxygen tension, causing vasoconstriction by regulating redox-sensitive ion channels and enzymes.

A self-assembled nanophotosensitizer targets lysosomes and induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization to enhance photodynamic therapy.

We report the self-assembly of amphiphilic BDQ photosensitizers into lysosome-targeting nanophotosensitizer BDQ-NP for highly effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). Molecular dynamics simulation, live cell imaging, and subcellular colocalization studies showed that BDQ strongly incorporated into lysosome lipid bilayers to cause continuous lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Upon light irradiation, the BDQ-NP generated a high level of reactive oxygen species to disrupt lysosomal and mitochondrial functions, leading to exceptionally high cytotoxicity.

Is species richness mediated by functional and genetic divergence? A global analysis in birds.

Unravelling why species richness shows such dramatic spatial variation is an ongoing challenge. Common to many theories is that increasing species richness (e.g.

Otolaryngology Away Subinternships: An Analysis of the Application Process and Survey of Current Applicants' Perspectives.

Objective: To assess the availability and uniformity of application information for away subinternships and survey 4th-year medical students on their experiences obtaining away subinternships in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) during the 2022 to 2023 application cycle.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Online survey.

Locomotor behavior and hearing sensitivity in an early lagomorph reconstructed from the bony labyrinth.

The structure of the bony labyrinth is highly informative with respect to locomotor agility (semicircular canals [SCC]) and hearing sensitivity (cochlear and oval windows). Here, we reconstructed the agility and hearing sensitivity of the stem lagomorph from the early Oligocene of the Brule Formation of Nebraska (USA). has proportionally smaller SCCs with respect to its body mass compared with most extant leporids but within the modern range of variability, suggesting that it was less agile than most of its modern relatives.

Nano-evolution and protein-based enzymatic evolution predicts novel types of natural product nanozymes of traditional Chinese medicine: cases of herbzymes of Taishan-Huangjing () and Goji ().

Nanozymes and natural product-derived herbzymes have been identified in different types of enzymes simulating the natural protein-based enzyme function. How to explore and predict enzyme types of novel nanozymes when synthesized remains elusive. An informed analysis might be useful for the prediction.

Measuring SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization in rooms of hospitalized patients.

Objective: Airborne spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a significant risk for healthcare workers. Understanding transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital could help minimize nosocomial infection. The objective of this pilot study was to measure aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital rooms of COVID-19 patients.