Dendritic cell-intrinsic PTPN22 negatively regulates antitumor immunity and impacts anti-PD-L1 efficacy.

Background: Individuals with a loss-of-function single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding PTPN22 have an increased risk for autoimmune diseases, and patients with cancer with such alleles may respond better to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Studies in PTPN22 knockout (KO) mice have established it as a negative regulator of T cell responses in cancer models. However, the role of PTPN22 in distinct immune cell compartments, such as dendritic cells (DCs), remains undefined.

Household air pollution disparities between socioeconomic groups in Chicago.

: To assess household air pollution levels in urban Chicago households and examine how socioeconomic factors influence these levels. : We deployed wireless air monitoring devices to 244 households in a diverse population in Chicago to continuously record household fine particulate matter (PM) concentration. We calculated hourly average PM concentration in a 24-hour cycle.

Implementing Prone Positioning for COVID-19 Patients Outside the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Proning intubated intensive care unit patients for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome is an accepted standard of practice. We examined the nursing climate in 4 units and its impact on implementing a novel self-proning protocol to treat COVID-19 patients outside the intensive care unit.

Local Problem: Nursing units previously designated for medical/surgical populations had to adjust quickly to provide evidence-based care for COVID-19 patients attempting self-proning.

Continent Cutaneous Catheterizable Channels in Pediatric Patients: A Decade of Experience with Open and Robotic Approaches in a Single Center.

Background: To allow patients with bladder and bowel dysfunctions to achieve social continence, continent catheterizable channels (CCCs) are effective alternatives to intermittent self-catheterization and enema.

Objective: We aimed to describe our progressive advancement from open to robotic construction of CCCs, reporting outcomes and comparing the two approaches.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of pediatric patients who underwent construction of CCCs between 2008 and 2019.

Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinases Prevents Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common, yet there is no preventive therapy for AF. We tested the efficacy of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators, metformin, and aspirin, in primary prevention of AF in cardiac-specific liver kinase B1 (LKB1) knockout (KO) mouse model of AF. Incidence of spontaneous AF was significantly reduced in treated KO mice with metformin (10 mg/kg/day) (8.