Trends in Co-morbid Dementia and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Little is known about the population of Medicare beneficiaries with both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Methods: Using data from Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries aged 65 and over identified through 2011-2019 Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF), we estimated the size, growth, and racial-ethnic characteristics of the ADRD and CKD populations. Individuals were classified as having ADRD and CKD based on CMS Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse (CCW) indicators in the MBSF Chronic Conditions file.

Dendritic cell-intrinsic PTPN22 negatively regulates antitumor immunity and impacts anti-PD-L1 efficacy.

Background: Individuals with a loss-of-function single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding PTPN22 have an increased risk for autoimmune diseases, and patients with cancer with such alleles may respond better to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Studies in PTPN22 knockout (KO) mice have established it as a negative regulator of T cell responses in cancer models. However, the role of PTPN22 in distinct immune cell compartments, such as dendritic cells (DCs), remains undefined.

Leveraging Health Services Research to Address Aging Health Equity.

To achieve optimal, equitable health outcomes for all older adults, the United States desperately needs equity in access to, quality of, and cost of aging care. To illustrate these needs, we discuss the current inequitable state of frailty care. Frailty disproportionately affects marginalized populations, yet these populations struggle to access high-quality geriatrics care and long-term care services and supports (LTSS) that mitigate frailty, leading to accelerated frailty trajectories.

Household air pollution disparities between socioeconomic groups in Chicago.

: To assess household air pollution levels in urban Chicago households and examine how socioeconomic factors influence these levels. : We deployed wireless air monitoring devices to 244 households in a diverse population in Chicago to continuously record household fine particulate matter (PM) concentration. We calculated hourly average PM concentration in a 24-hour cycle.

Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2023 Cases of SCMR case series.

"Cases of SCMR" is a case series on the SCMR website (https://www.scmr.org) for the purpose of education.

An Adaptive Behavioral Intervention for Weight Loss Management: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Lifestyle interventions for weight loss are difficult to implement in clinical practice. Self-managed mobile health implementations without or with added support after unsuccessful weight loss attempts could offer effective population-level obesity management.

Objective: To test whether a wireless feedback system (WFS) yields noninferior weight loss vs WFS plus telephone coaching and whether participants who do not respond to initial treatment achieve greater weight loss with more vs less vigorous step-up interventions.

Initial Validation of a Computerized Adaptive Test for Substance Use Disorder Identification in Adolescents.

Purpose: Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) are highly efficient assessment tools that couple low patient and clinician time burden with high diagnostic accuracy. A CAT for substance use disorders (CAT-SUD-E) has been validated in adult populations but has yet to be tested in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to perform initial evaluation of the K-CAT-SUD-E (i.

Approach to Diagnosing Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Inborn errors of immunity are now understood to encompass manifold features including but not limited to immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, atopy, bone marrow defects, and/or increased malignancy risk. As such, it is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion, as these disorders are not limited to specific demographics such as children or those with recurrent infections. Clinical presentations and standard immunophenotyping are informative for suggesting potential underlying etiologies, but integration of data from multimodal approaches including genomics is often required to achieve diagnosis.

Efficacy of Melatonin for Inducing Sleep in Pediatric Electroencephalogram Recordings: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

To compare the efficacy of melatonin, melatonin with sleep deprivation, and chloral hydrate with sleep deprivation on sleep induction in Asian children. For this randomized single-blind controlled trial, we recruited 45 children aged 1-5 years and older who were not cooperative on electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, randomly allocated to three groups: melatonin (group A), melatonin and sleep deprivation (group B), or chloral hydrate and sleep deprivation (group C). Between-group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Tolerability and efficacy of a reduced dose adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance protocol under general anesthesia in infants and children.

Background: Intravenous adenosine induces pharmacological stress by causing vasodilatation and thus carries the risk of severe hypotension when combined with vasodilatory effects of anesthetic agents.

Objective: This study describes our experience with a reduced dose adenosine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol in young children under general anesthesia (GA).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective report of all patients from birth to 18 years who underwent adenosine stress cardiac MRI under GA between August 2018 and November 2022.

New Dimensions of Staffing Patterns in Nursing Homes and Nursing Home Quality: Comparing Staffing Instability to Staffing Turnover.

Objective: This study examines how measures of staffing-turnover and instability-are associated with one another and how they independently contribute to quality of care in nursing homes.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 2021-2022 administrative data. Data included the Payroll Based Journal for daily staffing information, merged with Nursing Home Care Compare (NHCC) data for nursing home characteristics, total staffing turnover, and nursing home quality.

Development of a computerized adaptive substance use disorder scale for screening, measurement and diagnosis - The CAT-SUD-E.

Introduction: The Computerized Adaptive Test for Substance Use Disorder (CAT-SUD), an adaptive test based on multidimensional item response theory, has been expanded to include 7 specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition (DSM-5) defined SUDs. Initial testing of the new measure, the CAT-SUD expanded (CAT-SUD-E) is reported here.

Methods: 275 Community-dwelling adults (ages 18-68) responded to public and social-media advertisements.

Sleep impairments and quality of life in Thai adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Purpose: Adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are susceptible to sleep impairments. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to sleep impairments, and the associations of sleep impairments with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Thai adolescents with SLE.

Methods: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents (PHQA), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.

A mixed methods analysis of caller-emergency medical dispatcher communication during 9-1-1 calls for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Objective: Recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) during 9-1-1 calls is critically important, but little is known about how laypersons and emergency medical dispatchers (EMDs) communicate. We sought to describe 9-1-1 calls for OHCA.

Methods: We performed a mixed-methods, retrospective analysis of 9-1-1 calls for OHCA victims in a large urban emergency medical services (EMS) system using a random sampling of cases containing the term "cardiopulmonary resuscitation" (CPR) in the EMS electronic report.

Reimagining Financing and Payment of Long-Term Care.

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed fundamental problems with the structure of long-term care financing and payment in the United States. The piecemeal system that exists suffers from several key problems, including underfunding, fragmentation across types and sites of care, and substantial variation in payment across states and populations. These problems result in inefficient allocation of resources, limited access to care, substandard quality, and inequities in both access and quality.

Neurocysticercosis in Children.

Neurocysticercosis is one of the most common parasitic infections in the central nervous system in children. The usual clinical manifestation is new-onset focal seizure. However, there are other multiple clinical manifestations, such as increased intracranial pressure, meningoencephalitis, spinal cord syndrome, and blindness.

Implementing Prone Positioning for COVID-19 Patients Outside the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Proning intubated intensive care unit patients for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome is an accepted standard of practice. We examined the nursing climate in 4 units and its impact on implementing a novel self-proning protocol to treat COVID-19 patients outside the intensive care unit.

Local Problem: Nursing units previously designated for medical/surgical populations had to adjust quickly to provide evidence-based care for COVID-19 patients attempting self-proning.

Outcomes of Medicaid home- and community-based long-term services relative to nursing home care among dual eligibles.

Objective: To provide the first plausibly causal national estimates of health outcomes for older dual-eligible recipients of Medicaid HCBS relative to nursing home care and to explore possible mechanisms for the effect.

Data Sources: We use 2005 and 2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX), a national compilation of Medicaid claims, merged with Medicare claims to identify hospital admissions, our main outcome variable.

Study Design: We model the effects of HCBS using a longitudinal instrumental variables framework.

Continent Cutaneous Catheterizable Channels in Pediatric Patients: A Decade of Experience with Open and Robotic Approaches in a Single Center.

Background: To allow patients with bladder and bowel dysfunctions to achieve social continence, continent catheterizable channels (CCCs) are effective alternatives to intermittent self-catheterization and enema.

Objective: We aimed to describe our progressive advancement from open to robotic construction of CCCs, reporting outcomes and comparing the two approaches.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of pediatric patients who underwent construction of CCCs between 2008 and 2019.

Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinases Prevents Atrial Fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common, yet there is no preventive therapy for AF. We tested the efficacy of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators, metformin, and aspirin, in primary prevention of AF in cardiac-specific liver kinase B1 (LKB1) knockout (KO) mouse model of AF. Incidence of spontaneous AF was significantly reduced in treated KO mice with metformin (10 mg/kg/day) (8.

Renin Angiotensin System Inhibitors Reduce Aortic Stiffness and Flow Reversal After a Cryptogenic Stroke.

Background: Blood flow reversal is a possible mechanism for retrograde embolism in the setting of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques in the descending aorta (DAo). Evidence suggests that pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a determinant of blood flow reversal and can be reduced by the destiffening effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI).

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of antihypertensive therapy on in vivo changes in PWV and flow reversal in patients with cryptogenic stroke.

ChicagO Multiethnic Prevention and Surveillance Study (COMPASS): Increased Response Rates Among African American Residents in Low Socioeconomic Status Neighborhoods.

African American (AA) populations experience persistent health disparities in the USA. Low representation in bio-specimen research precludes stratified analyses and creates challenges in studying health outcomes among AA populations. Previous studies examining determinants of bio-specimen research participation among minority participants have focused on individual-level barriers and facilitators.