Acute Effect of High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Blood Pressure in Females Living with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension.

Background: The acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood pressure (BP) may depend on the exercise protocol performed. Purpose: To compare the acute effect of high and low-volume HIIT on post-exercise and ambulatory BP in untrained older females diagnosed with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN). Methods: Fifteen females (69 [65 ─ 74] years) completed a crossover study with three experimental conditions: 1) REST (35 min in sitting position); 2) HIIT10 (10 × 1 min at 90% heart rate max [HRmax]), and 3) HIIT4 (4 × 4 min at 90% HRmax).

Covert Vascular Brain Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction Among Chinese Adults Living in Canada and China: The CAHHM and PURE-MIND Studies.

Background And Objective: It is unclear whether variation in covert cerebrovascular disease prevalence is attributable to ethnic differences or to other factors. We aimed to examine the associations of country of residence with covert vascular brain injury (VBI) and cognitive dysfunction among Chinese adults residing in Canada and China.

Methods: This was a multisite cross-sectional study of Chinese adults aged 40-80 years in the Canadian Alliance for Healthy Hearts and Healthy Minds (CAHHM; January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018) and Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological-Mind (PURE-MIND; November 1, 2010, to July 31, 2015) cohorts living in Canada and China.

Direct Induction of Buprenorphine Extended-Release: A Case Report.

Buprenorphine has superior safety in opioid use disorder compared with alternatives due to its action as a partial opioid agonist, which limits its ability to cause respiratory depression. There is a risk of precipitated opioid withdrawal after buprenorphine exposure in someone using full opioid agonists. Buprenorphine induction strategies that avoid precipitated withdrawal remain a crucial component for starting buprenorphine in individuals actively using opioids.

Metacognitive function in young adults is impacted by physical activity, diet, and sleep patterns.

Our cognitive capacities like working memory and attention are known to systematically vary over time with our physical activity levels, dietary choices, and sleep patterns. However, whether our metacognitive capacities--such as our strategic use and optimization of cognitive resources--show a similar relationship with these key lifestyle factors remains unknown. Here we addressed this question in healthy young adults by examining if physical activity, diet, and sleep patterns were predictive of self-reported metacognitive status.

A National Survey of Caregiver Needs and Experiences When Attending the Emergency Department.

Objectives: Despite being a frequent entry point of care, it remains unknown if families' needs are being met across pediatric emergency departments (PEDs). Study objectives were to describe caregivers' perceived overall PED experience and needs and to what extent these needs were met.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional survey with medical record review was conducted in 10 Canadian PEDs.

The use and impact of virtual reality programs supported by aromatherapy for older adults: A scoping review protocol.

Both virtual reality and aromatherapy have shown promising impacts on the health and well-being of older adults. Aromatherapy has been reported to enhance immersive experiences during virtual reality programs. However, studies on the combined use and impact of virtual reality and aromatherapy for older adults have not been systematically reviewed.

Daily Path Areas and Location Use During and After Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Purpose: Little research has focused on the potential impact that the environment plays in shaping cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patient sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA). To address this, the current study generated daily path areas (DPAs) based on the locations they visited during and after they completed CR.

Methods: Patients in CR (n = 66) completed a survey and wore an accelerometer and Global Positioning System receiver for 7 days early (first month), late (last 2 weeks of program), and 3 months after completing CR.

Virtual Neonatal Resuscitation Curriculum for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to Improve Out-of-Hospital Newborn Care.

Objectives: Out-of-hospital births are associated with a 2-to 11-fold increased risk of death compared to in-hospital births and are growing. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians have limited exposure to hospital birth emergencies, and there is no standardized prehospital neonatal resuscitation curriculum. Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines are the standard of care for infants born in the United States but focuses on in-hospital births and is not easily applied to EMS.

Target interception in virtual reality is better for natural versus unnatural trajectory shapes and orientations.

Human performance in perceptual and visuomotor tasks is enhanced when stimulus motion follows the laws of gravitational physics, including acceleration consistent with Earth's gravity, g. Here we used a manual interception task in virtual reality to investigate the effects of trajectory shape and orientation on interception timing and accuracy. Participants punched to intercept a ball moving along one of four trajectories that varied in shape (parabola or tent) and orientation (upright or inverted).

Parental and Medical Classification of Neurodevelopment in Children Born Preterm.

Background And Objectives: The likelihood and severity of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) affects critical health care decisions. NDI definitions were developed without parental perspectives. We investigated the agreement between parental vs medical classification of NDI among children born preterm.

Psychological and interpersonal dimensions of sexual function and dysfunction: recommendations from the fifth international consultation on sexual medicine (ICSM 2024).

Introduction: Sexual health concerns are common and significantly impact quality of life, but many people do not seek treatment due to embarrassment and other barriers. A biopsychosocial model of assessment and treatment acknowledges the biological, psychological, and social contributors to sexual difficulties and suggests that all these domains should be evaluated.

Objectives: This paper provides an overview of the major psychological factors contributing to sexual difficulties and offer an evidence-based approach for primary care clinicians to assess and treat these issues.

Biomarkers.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers will be essential for providing clinicians an accessible and cost-effective Alzheimer's disease (AD) screening tool. Elevated levels of two phosphorylated tau biomarkers (pTau181 & pTau217) correlated with amyloid and tau-PET consistent with AD diagnosis. We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of each biomarkers using two different high-sensitivity methodologies (CLEIA and Simoa®) in a single laboratory to compare the performance of pTau181 and 217 in a clinical (CLIA-certified) laboratory.

Biomarkers.

Background: As new anti-amyloid immunotherapies emerge for Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is clear that early diagnosis of AD pathology is crucial for treatment success. This can be challenging in atypical presentations of AD and, together with our reliance on CSF or PET scans, can, at times, lead to delayed diagnosis. Here, we further explore the possible role of plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (P-tau217) for the detection of primary AD or AD co-pathology when frontotemporal dementia spectrum disorders are the main clinical presentation.

Biomarkers.

Background: Remote diagnostic assessment of cognitively impaired individuals offers numerous potential benefits including increased access to care. However, remote cognitive and behavioral assessment also has limitations, and may not be appropriate for certain patients. Currently, evidence-based guidance on virtual assessment readiness is lacking.

Biomarkers.

Background: Plasma biomarkers such as neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and phosphorylated tau-181 (p-tau-181) have been thoroughly investigated in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. However, further investigations into how biological variables can influence biomarker concentrations in both normative and cognitively resilient populations will be important for more robust interpretations of biomarker levels. This study investigates how ageing modifies plasma biomarkers in a normative, epidemiologically representative Canadian population and in cognitively healthy seniors over 80 years old.

Biomarkers.

Background: Older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to impaired brain metabolism. Although the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are largely unknown, lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -which promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood- and atrophy of the hippocampus are evident in patients with T2D and dementia, possibly linking the two conditions. The hippocampus is comprised of multiple subfields, each with their respective functions, cellular composition, and age-related sensitivity.

Biomarkers.

Background: Tau phosphorylated at position 217 (pTau217) is considered to have the highest accuracy in identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology using blood. We describe a multi-cohort evaluation of the Simoa ALZpath pTau217 assay for the prediction of amyloid status in combination with additional blood-based AD biomarkers (GFAP, pTau181, etc.), as well as comparisons between histopathological and PET based amyloid measurements.

Evaluating ovarian cancer risk-reducing salpingectomy acceptance: a survey.

With evidence that salpingectomy is effective in preventing high grade serous carcinoma, it is time to consider offering this procedure to people at higher-than-average lifetime risk for ovarian cancer, despite not having a pathogenic genetic variant that increases risk for ovarian cancer. This targeted approach has potential to be effective at reducing ovarian cancer incidence, and unlike opportunistic salpingectomy is focused on people with an increased lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. However, the acceptability of this approach within the population of potential patients remains unknown.

Biomarkers.

Background: Amyloid and alpha synuclein proteins are brain biomarkers of different neurodegenerative diseases, many years before symptoms. We have shown that imaging dye-free with polarized light makes retinal amyloid deposits visible as a biomarker, in the brain, of amyloid and Alzheimer's disease (AD) severity. Here, we extend to presumed retinal alpha synuclein deposits in those with brain pathology consistent with alpha synuclein.

Public Health.

Background: Insulin Resistance (IR) is implicated in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Dietary changes may promote brain health in older adults with metabolic abnormalities. An extensive animal literature suggests pro-cognitive and beneficial systemic and brain effects of intermittent fasting (IF) that may mitigate AD risk.

Public Health.

Background: Social media provides dementia prevention researchers with additional opportunities to engage diverse audiences, including healthy individuals who unaware of their eligibility to take part in dementia-related research. However, practical social media guidance that reflects the values and priorities of potential participants is needed. To address this gap, we sought to create consensus recommendations with research professionals and community experts.

Public Health.

Background: Asian Americans and Asian Canadians (ASACs) are the fastest growing minority group in the US and Canada. However, ASACs are under-sampled in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. To address the need of culturally appropriate clinical protocols and community-based recruitment approaches for ASACs, the Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD), the first large dementia genetics cohort focusing on Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese, launched in 2021 to examine genetic and non-genetic risk factors for AD among ASACs.