Improving the Stability of Gas Diffusion Electrodes for CO Electroreduction to Formate with Sn and In-Based Catalysts at 500 mA cm: Effect of Electrode Design and Operation Mode.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CORR) using renewable electricity sources could provide a sustainable solution for generating valuable chemicals, such as formate salt or formic acid. However, an efficient, stable, and scalable electrode generating formate at industrially viable current densities (>100 mA cm) is yet to be developed. Sn or In-based catalysts in gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) can efficiently produce formate.

A Bayesian joint bent-cable model for longitudinal measurements and survival time with heterogeneous random-effects distributions.

Biomarkers are measured repeatedly in clinical studies until a pre-defined endpoint, such as death from certain causes, is reached. Such repeated measurements may present a dynamic process for understanding when to expect the study's endpoint. Joint modelling is often employed to handle such a model.

KIF9 Ameliorates Neuropathology and Cognitive Dysfunction by Promoting Macroautophagy in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly. The imbalance of protein production and degradation processes leads to the accumulation of misfolded and abnormally aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the extracellular space and forms senile plaques, which constitute one of the most critical pathological hallmarks of AD. KIF9, a member of the kinesin protein superfamily, mediates the anterograde transport of intracellular cargo along microtubules.

Periprocedural Skincare for Nonenergy and Nonablative Energy-Based Aesthetic Procedures in Patients With Skin of Color.

Background: Anti-aging facial procedures with nonenergy and nonablative energy devices are increasingly popular among patients with skin of color (SOC). Algorithms have addressed the measures to reduce the side effects related to aesthetic procedures, but few focus on SOC patients and periprocedural integrating skincare.

Methods: Eight dermatologists from Brazil, Canada, South Africa, Mexico, and the USA participated in a meeting and an online follow-up to develop an algorithm for periprocedural skincare for nonenergy and nonablative energy-based facial aesthetic procedures in patients with SOC.

Optokinetic After-Nystagmus: A Marker for Migraine? A Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Vestibular migraine (VM), particularly its chronic variant, poses a diagnostic challenge. Patients suffering from VM may not have the characteristic headaches associated with the dizziness. In these cases, a marker for migraine pathology in general could help appropriately diagnose certain types of dizziness as migrainous despite these patients not meeting current diagnostic criteria for VM.

Red blood cell urate levels are linked to hemolysis in vitro and post-transfusion as a function of donor sex, population and genetic polymorphisms in SLC2A9 and ABCG2.

Background: Storage of packed red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusion leads to biochemical and morphological changes, increasing hemolysis risk. Urate levels in blood bags at donation contribute to the molecular heterogeneity and hemolytic propensity of stored RBCs. However, studies to date have been underpowered to investigate at scale the contribution of donor demographics and genetics to the heterogeneity in urate levels across donations.

Quantifying intratumoral biomarker heterogeneity in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma to optimize clinical translation.

Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is spatial, phenotypic, or molecular differences within the same tumor that have important implications for accurate tumor classification and assessment of predictive biomarkers. The Canadian Ovarian Experimental Unified Resource (COEUR) has created a cohort of 437 FFPE tissue specimens from 108 tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients to quantify ITH across the anatomical sites and between primary and recurrence. We quantified the ITH of six clinically used immunohistochemical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers (WT1, p53, p16, PR, CD8, and Ki67).

Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity.

Background: Aerobic capacity measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax) is related to functional capacity and is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. Sex-specific cardiac and vascular responses to endurance training have been observed, however, their relative contributions to VOmax are less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-specific ventricular-vascular interactions associated with VOmax in healthy males and females.

Deep eutectic system enhanced oat protein extraction.

Oats are a rich source of plant-based proteins owing to their nutritional value, diverse functions, and high abundance. However, traditional methods for extracting oat proteins (OPs), such as alkali solution acid precipitation (ASAP), can cause environmental pollution and potentially protein denaturation. In this work, we studied the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and deep eutectic system (DESys)-based methods for OP extraction.

Low-dose aspirin versus placebo in postpartum venous thromboembolism: a multi-national, pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Despite the morbidity and mortality of venous thromboembolism, there is little evidence to guide postpartum thromboprophylaxis in patients at moderate risk. We aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a double-blind, randomised trial of aspirin versus placebo in postpartum individuals with two or more venous thromboembolism risk factors, mild-to-moderate thrombophilia, or both.

Methods: The pilot PARTUM trial, a multi-national, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, was conducted in seven centres across Canada, France, Ireland, and the Netherlands.

Patterns of socioeconomic marginalization and non-fatal overdose among people who use drugs: A gender-stratified repeated measures latent class analysis.

Background: While marked gender-based differences in drug-related risk and harm between men women who use drugs have been characterized to some extent, the complex relationship between gendered socioeconomic conditions, overdose risk, and drug use patterns and behaviours remains underexplored.

Methods: We conducted gender-stratified repeated measures latent class analyses (RMLCA) with data from two ongoing cohorts of people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada to identify discrete subgroups based on socioeconomic exposures. Multivariable generalized estimating equations models weighted by the respective posterior membership probabilities were applied to estimate the associations between socioeconomic class membership and non-fatal overdose.

Fad diets for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: Can "the miracle diet" be a threat?

In the pursuit of an effortless "miracle cure", there has been a significant increase in the proliferation of fad diets. These diets generally exclude a food group or macronutrients and may also restrict energy intake; they become popular quickly but often lack substantial scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. They only show short-term results rather than promoting a lifestyle change.

Single-Cell Identification and Characterization of Viable but Nonculturable Using Raman Optical Tweezers and Machine Learning.

is a leading foodborne pathogen that may enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state to survive under environmental stresses, posing a significant health concern. VBNC cells can evade conventional culture-based detection methods, while viability-based assays are usually hindered by low sensitivity, insufficient specificity, or technical challenges. There are limited studies analyzing VBNC cells at the single-cell level for accurate detection and an understanding of their unique behavior.

Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study.

Introduction: To evaluate the bacterial biofilm, smear layer and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model.

Methods: Seventy-five dentin discs were prepared from fifty-four extracted teeth. Seventy-five artificial root sockets were prepared.

Appendicectomy versus antibiotics for acute uncomplicated appendicitis in children: an open-label, international, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Support for the treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis with non-operative management rather than surgery has been increasing in the literature. We aimed to investigate whether treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis with antibiotics in children is inferior to appendicectomy by comparing failure rates for the two treatments.

Methods: In this pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, unmasked, randomised, non-inferiority trial, children aged 5-16 years with suspected non-perforated appendicitis (based on clinical diagnosis with or without radiological diagnosis) were recruited from 11 children's hospitals in Canada, the USA, Finland, Sweden, and Singapore.

Population genomics reveals strong impacts of genetic drift without purging and guides conservation of bull and giant kelp.

Kelp forests are declining in many parts of the northeast Pacific. In small populations, genetic drift can reduce adaptive variation and increase fixation of recessive deleterious alleles, but natural selection may purge harmful variants. To understand evolutionary dynamics and inform restoration strategies, we investigated genetic structure and the outcomes of genetic drift and purging by sequencing the genomes of 429 bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) and 211 giant kelp (Macrocystis sp.

Reading words versus seeing font or handwriting style: a study of hemifield processing.

Tachistoscopic studies have established a right field advantage for the perception of visually presented words, which has been interpreted as reflecting a left hemispheric specialization. However, it is not clear whether this is driven by the linguistic task of word processing, or also occurs when processing properties such as the style and regularity of text. We had 23 subjects perform a tachistoscopic study while they viewed five-letter words in either computer font or handwriting.

Immunotherapy-Resistant Neuropathic Pain and Fatigue Predict Quality-of-Life in Contactin-Associated Protein-Like 2 Antibody Disease.

The long-term clinical outcomes and associated prognostic factors in contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2)-antibody diseases are unknown. A total of 75 participants with CASPR2 antibodies were longitudinally assessed for disability, quality-of-life, and chronic pain. Although most symptoms improved within 6 months of treatment, neuropathic pain and fatigue were the most immunotherapy refractory, and persisted for up to 6 years.

Population Genomics Reveals Local Adaptation Related to Temperature Variation in Two Stream Frog Species: Implications for Vulnerability to Climate Warming.

Identifying populations at highest risk from climate change is a critical component of conservation efforts. However, vulnerability assessments are usually applied at the species level, even though intraspecific variation in exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity play a crucial role in determining vulnerability. Genomic data can inform intraspecific vulnerability by identifying signatures of local adaptation that reflect population-level variation in sensitivity and adaptive capacity.

Implementation effectiveness of 'Problem solving for better health' training in Lesotho using mixed methods and the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

Background: Healthcare resources have been concentrated in urban areas, leaving rural regions vulnerable to poorer health outcomes. The Problem Solving for Better Health (PSBH) program was implemented to enhance healthcare systems in resource-limited regions by training personnel to maximize existing resources in problem-solving. This study evaluated the implementation effectiveness of PSBH-Nursing (PSBHN), a nationally led initiative to train nurses in PSBH in Lesotho.

Safety and Efficacy of Deutetrabenazine at High versus Lower Daily Dosages in the ARC-HD Study to Treat Chorea in Huntington Disease.

Background: Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes psychiatric and neurological symptoms, including involuntary and irregular muscle movements (chorea). Chorea can disrupt activities of daily living, pose safety issues, and may lead to social withdrawal. The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine are approved treatments that can reduce chorea.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Division of Household Labor Among Women Physicians and Advanced Practice Providers.

Background: COVID-19 increased the burden of childcare on parents, leaving women vulnerable to increased disparities in the division of domestic labor. Women healthcare workers may be at heightened risk of worsening gender parity in the workplace as a result.

Objective: To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender parity in the division of household responsibilities among women healthcare workers.

Electrochemical approaches for CO point source, direct air, and seawater capture: identifying opportunities and synergies.

The world is increasingly facing the direct effects of climate change triggering warnings of a crisis for the healthy existence of humankind. The dominant driver of the climate emergency is the historical and continued accumulation of atmospheric CO altering net radiative forcing on the planet. To address this global issue, understanding the core chemistry of CO manipulation in the atmosphere and proximally in the oceans is crucial, to offer a direct partial solution for emissions handling through negative emissions technologies.

How gender shapes practice choices among family medicine residents and early career family physicians: a Canadian qualitative study.

Background: The practice choices of family medicine residents and early career family physicians shape access to primary care. A growing proportion of family physicians are women.

Aim: This study examined how gender operates in shaping family physician practice choices and subsequent practice patterns.