Availability and barriers to access post-stroke rehabilitation in Latin America.

Objectives: To describe the availability and barriers to access post-stroke rehabilitation services in Latin America.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a multi-national survey in Latin American countries. The survey consisted of three sections: (1) the national state of post-stroke rehabilitation; (2) the local state of post-stroke rehabilitation; and (3) the coverage and financing of post-stroke services.

The Impact of the Pandemic on Mental Health in Ethnically Diverse Mothers: Findings from the Born in Bradford, Tower Hamlets and Newham COVID-19 Research Programmes.

Restrictions implemented by the UK Government during the COVID-19 pandemic have served to worsen mental health outcomes, particularly amongst younger adults, women, those living with chronic health conditions, and parents of young children. Studies looking at the impact for ethnic minorities have reported inconsistent findings. This paper describes the mental health experiences of mothers from a large and highly ethnically diverse population during the pandemic, using secondary analysis of existing data from three COVID-19 research studies completed in Bradford and London (Tower Hamlets and Newham).

Molecular basis of transport of surface functionalised gold nanoparticles to pulmonary surfactant.

Ligands like alkanethiol ( dodecanethiol, hexadecanethiol, ) and polymers ( poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), polyethylene glycol-thiol) capped to the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in biomedical field as drug carriers and as promising materials for probing and manipulating cellular processes. Ligand functionalised AuNPs are known to interact with the pulmonary surfactant (PS) monolayer once reaching the alveolar region. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the interaction between AuNPs and PS monolayers.

Computational Studies of Lipid-Wrapped Gold Nanoparticle Transport Through Model Lung Surfactant Monolayers.

Colloidal nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), are promising materials for the delivery of hydrophilic drugs via the pulmonary route. The inhaled nanoparticle drug carriers primarily deposit in lung alveoli and interact with the alveolar surface known as lung surfactants. Therefore, it is vital to understand the interactions of nanocarriers with the surfactant layer.

The effect of a known object in a static image of a burn to improve the burn size estimation.

Introduction: Currently information regarding burn size from referring departments to burn centres varies in accuracy. Inaccurate assessment of burn size can lead to over or under treatment. Photographs of injuries may improve accuracy of assessment.

Age-Related Changes in Female Scalp Dermal Sheath and Dermal Fibroblasts: How the Hair Follicle Environment Impacts Hair Aging.

In women, aging leads to reduced hair density and thinner fibers and can result in female-pattern hair loss. However, the impact of the aging dermal environment on female scalp hair follicles remains unclear. In this study, we document in situ changes in 22 women (aged 19-81 years) and primary cultures of dermal fibroblast and dermal sheath cells.

Getting under the skin of hair aging: the impact of the hair follicle environment.

Like the skin, our hair shows striking changes with age, producing hairs with altered diameter, lustre and texture. The biology of hair aging has focused predominately on various aspects of the hair cycle, follicle size and the fibre produced, but surprisingly the impact of the aging scalp dermal environment on the hair follicle and fibre has been generally overlooked. Hair loss affects both sexes with incidence increasing with age.

Why do staff and family think differently about quality of life in dementia? A qualitative study exploring perspectives in care homes.

Background: Quality of life is important especially in incurable illness. In dementia, we often need proxy reports of quality of life, but we know little about how individuals make their judgements. In care homes, proxies may be staff providing care or relatives, but staff rate quality of life differently to family.

Molecular insights on the interference of simplified lung surfactant models by gold nanoparticle pollutants.

Inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) are experienced by the first biological barrier inside the alveolus known as lung surfactant (LS), a surface tension reducing agent, consisting of phospholipids and proteins in the form of the monolayer at the air-water interface. The monolayer surface tension is continuously regulated by the alveolus compression and expansion and protects the alveoli from collapsing. Inhaled NPs can reach deep into the lungs and interfere with the biophysical properties of the lung components.

S. cerevisiae Srs2 helicase ensures normal recombination intermediate metabolism during meiosis and prevents accumulation of Rad51 aggregates.

We investigated the meiotic role of Srs2, a multi-functional DNA helicase/translocase that destabilises Rad51-DNA filaments and is thought to regulate strand invasion and prevent hyper-recombination during the mitotic cell cycle. We find that Srs2 activity is required for normal meiotic progression and spore viability. A significant fraction of srs2 mutant cells progress through both meiotic divisions without separating the bulk of their chromatin, although in such cells sister centromeres often separate.

Sequential cyclic changes of hair roots revealed by dermoscopy demonstrate a progressive mechanism of diffuse alopecia areata over time.

Background: Diffuse alopecia areata (DAA) often leads to a complete hair shedding within a few months.

Objective: To explore features and mechanisms underlying DAA.

Materials And Methods: Scalp and hair root dermoscopy were conducted on 23 DAA patients throughout the disease process, 20 patchy Alopecia areata patients, 23 acute telogen effluvium (ATE) patients and 10 normal controls.

A Perspective on Incentives for Novel Inpatient Antibiotics: No One-Size-Fits-All.

The need for new "pull" incentives to stimulate antibiotic R&D is widely recognized. Due to the global diversity of health systems, combined with different challenges faced by antibiotics used in different types of healthcare settings, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Instead, different "pull" incentives should be tailored to local contexts, priorities, and antibiotic types.

Antibiotic Pipeline Coordinators.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to guide research and development (R&D) of new antibiotics. Every pathogen on this list requires R&D activity, but some are more attractive for private sector investments, as evidenced by the current antibacterial pipeline. A "pipeline coordinator" is a governmental/non-profit organization that closely tracks the antibacterial pipeline and actively supports R&D across all priority pathogens employing new financing tools.

The role of infant life histories in the construction of identities in death: An incremental isotope study of dietary and physiological status among children afforded differential burial.

Objectives: Isotope ratio analyses of dentine collagen were used to characterize short-term changes in physiological status (both dietary status and biological stress) across the life course of children afforded special funerary treatment.

Materials And Methods: Temporal sequences of δ N and δ C isotope profiles for incrementally forming dentine collagen were obtained from deciduous teeth of 86 children from four early-medieval English cemeteries. Thirty-one were interred in child-specific burial clusters, and the remainder alongside adults in other areas of the cemetery.

A fair trial? Assessment of liver transplant candidates with psychiatric illnesses.

Allocating scarce organs to transplant candidates is only one stage in the long process of organ transplantation. Before being listed, all candidates must undergo a rigorous assessment by a multidisciplinary transplant team. The Department of Health and NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) are responsible for the development of detailed strategies to ensure a fair and objective assessment experience for all transplant candidates.

Human skeletal paleopathology.

Human skeletal remains from archaeological contexts are the main source of data about the complex interaction between disease and humankind throughout the emergence of Homo sapiens. Past and current research on these remains has revealed the presence of many diseases that affect the skeleton today. There are, however, limitations in using data from such skeletal samples to reconstruct the health of past human groups.

Activation of α7 nicotinic receptors improves phencyclidine-induced deficits in cognitive tasks in rats: implications for therapy of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Rationale: Nicotinic α7 acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been highlighted as a target for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia.

Aim: To investigate whether the deficits induced by sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP) in reversal learning and novel object recognition could be attenuated by the selective α7 nAChR full agonist, PNU-282987.

Methods: Adult female hooded-Lister rats received sub-chronic PCP (2mg/kg) or vehicle i.

Sertindole improves sub-chronic PCP-induced reversal learning and episodic memory deficits in rodents: involvement of 5-HT(6) and 5-HT (2A) receptor mechanisms.

Aim: This study examined the efficacy of sertindole in comparison with a selective 5-HT(6) and a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist to reverse sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP)-induced cognitive deficits in female rats.

Methods: In the first test, adult female hooded Lister rats were trained to perform an operant reversal learning task to 90% criterion. After training, rats were treated with PCP at 2 mg/kg (i.

Comparison of the efficacy of two anticonvulsants, phenytoin and valproate to improve PCP and d-amphetamine induced deficits in a reversal learning task in the rat.

Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that PCP (phencyclidine) and d-amphetamine induce a cognitive deficit in rats, in a paradigm of potential relevance for the pathology of schizophrenia. Atypical, but not classical antipsychotics and the anticonvulsant, lamotrigine have been shown to prevent a selective reversal learning deficit induced by PCP. In contrast, only haloperidol reversed the d-amphetamine-induced deficit.

Fears of violence among English young people: disintegration theory and British social policy.

Young people are not only the perpetrators of violence; they are also the victims of violent acts. This leads to the question of how young people handle potential risk and how they can reduce the danger of becoming victims. The article stresses the topic of juvenile experience and fear of violence.

A preliminary investigation into the effects of antipsychotics on sub-chronic phencyclidine-induced deficits in attentional set-shifting in female rats.

Rationale: The NMDA receptor antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP), has been shown to induce symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia. A loss in executive function and the ability to shift attention between stimulus dimensions is impaired in schizophrenia; this can be assessed in rodents by the perceptual attentional set-shifting task.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the deficits induced by sub-chronic PCP in attentional set-shifting could be reversed by sub-chronic administration of clozapine, risperidone or haloperidol.