Implementing digital respiratory technologies for people with respiratory conditions: A protocol for a scoping review.

The value of 'data-enabled', digital healthcare is evolving rapidly, as demonstrated in the COVID-19 pandemic, and its successful implementation remains complex and challenging. Harmonisation (within/between healthcare systems) of infrastructure and implementation strategies has the potential to promote safe, equitable and accessible digital healthcare, but guidance for implementation is lacking. Using respiratory technologies as an example, our scoping review process will capture and review the published research between 12th December 2013 to 12th December 2023.

New Zealand's world-first smokefree legislation 'goes up in smoke': A setback in ending the tobacco epidemic.

For several decades, Aotearoa New Zealand has maintained a relatively strict regulatory approach towards tobacco. In response to the significant impact of tobacco-related illnesses, many countries worldwide have worked to enhance tobacco control measures. These efforts include introducing plain tobacco packaging with graphic health warnings, improving access to smoking cessation services and offering supportive treatments for tobacco dependence.

Exploring the role of physician associates in Aotearoa New Zealand primary health care.

Introduction New Zealand's health care system faces significant shortages in health care workers. To address workforce challenges and meet the population's health needs, health care systems around the world have introduced new clinical roles, such as physician associates/assistants (PAs) into existing health care teams. Aim This article aims to examine the benefits, challenges, and broader implications of regulating PAs in the context of New Zealand's primary care sector, with a specific emphasis on how it may impact general practice.

Potential applications and implications of large language models in primary care.

The recent release of highly advanced generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, including ChatGPT and Bard, which are powered by large language models (LLMs), has attracted growing mainstream interest over its diverse applications in clinical practice, including in health and healthcare. The potential applications of LLM-based programmes in the medical field range from assisting medical practitioners in improving their clinical decision-making and streamlining administrative paperwork to empowering patients to take charge of their own health. However, despite the broad range of benefits, the use of such AI tools also comes with several limitations and ethical concerns that warrant further consideration, encompassing issues related to privacy, data bias, and the accuracy and reliability of information generated by AI.

Beyond borders: cystic fibrosis survival between Australia, Canada, France and New Zealand.

Background: Life expectancy for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) varies considerably both within and between countries. The objective of this study was to compare survival among countries with single-payer healthcare systems while accounting for markers of disease severity.

Methods: This cohort study used data from established national CF registries in Australia, Canada, France and New Zealand from 2015 to 2019.

Hospital accreditation processes in Saudi Arabia: a thematic analysis of hospital staff experiences.

Background: Hospital accreditation by an international organisation can play an important role in health quality and safety. However, little is known about how managers and front-line employees experience and perceive the effects of accreditation. Their views could inform quality improvement processes and procedures.

Intracellular activation of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide into a DNA-alkylating agent in human leucocytes.

1.The conversion of the cyclophosphamide intermediate metabolite 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OHCP) to the final cytotoxic metabolite phosphoramide mustard (PAM) is classically assumed to occur via chemical hydrolysis of the phospho-ester bond. Whilst it has been suggested previously that this reaction could be enzyme-catalysed, there was only indirect evidence for this (i.

A difference between the rat and mouse in the pharmacokinetic interaction of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid with thalidomide.

Purpose: Coadministration of thalidomide, cyproheptadine or diclofenac has been shown to increase the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of the novel antitumour agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) in mice. The aim of this study was to further investigate these pharmacokinetic DMXAA-drug interactions in the rat model.

Methods: The effects of coadministration of L-thalidomide, cyproheptadine or diclofenac on the pharmacokinetics of DMXAA were investigated in male Wistar Kyoto rats.

Structure-activity relationships for 5-substituted 1-phenylbenzimidazoles as selective inhibitors of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor.

Following an earlier discovery of 1-phenylbenzimidazoles as ATP-site inhibitors of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), further structure-activity relationships for analogues (particularly 5-substituted derivatives) are reported. The data are consistent with a binding model (constructed from the homology-modeled structure of the catalytic subunit of the PDGFR using protein kinase A as the template) in which the ligand binds in the relatively narrow ATP site, with the phenyl ring pointing toward the interior of the pocket and the 5-position of the benzimidazole ring toward the mouth of the pocket. The narrow binding pocket allows a maximum torsion angle between the phenyl and benzimidazole rings of about 40 degrees, consistent with that calculated (43.

Metabolism of N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide in cancer patients undergoing a phase I clinical trial.

N-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide (DACA) is an experimental antitumour agent that has just completed phase I clinical trials in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Urine (0-72 h) was analysed from 20 patients receiving DACA infused over 3 h (dose range 60-1000 mg/m2, the latter being the highest dose achieved in the trial). Aliquots were analysed for DACA and its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Plasma pharmacokinetics of N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide in a phase I trial.

DACA [N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]acridine-4-carboxamide] is an acridine derivative with high activity against solid tumours in mice and a dual mode of cytotoxic action involving topoisomerases I and II. The plasma pharmacokinetics of DACA were studied in 28 patients with solid tumours in a phase I trial. A single dose was given every 3 weeks, being escalated from a starting dose of 18 mg/m2 (as the dihydrochloride trihydrate salt) to a maximal dose, limited by severe pain in the infusion arm, of 1000 mg/m2.

Structure-activity relationships for 1-phenylbenzimidazoles as selective ATP site inhibitors of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor.

1-Phenylbenzimidazoles are shown to be a new class of ATP-site inhibitors of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). Structure-activity relationships (SARs) are narrow, with closely related heterocycles being inactive. A systematic study of substituted 1-phenylbenzimidazoles showed clear SARs.

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha stimulates increased expression of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase Type 2 mRNA in amnion-derived WISH cells.

We have evaluated the mechanism by which tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces increased prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis in amnion-derived WISH cells. WISH cells were treated with 50 ng/ml TNF-alpha or vehicle for 0-24 h. PGE2 production was stimulated by TNF-alpha within 2 h and continued to accumulate for at least 24 h.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 11. Soluble analogues of pyrrolo- and pyrazoloquinazolines as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and modeling of the mode of binding.

A new route to N-1-substituted pyrazolo- and pyrroloquinazolines has been developed from the known quinazolones 19 and 23, via conversion to the corresponding thiones, S-methylation to the thioethers, N-1-alkylation, and coupling with 3-bromoaniline. C-3-Substituted pyrroloquinazolines were prepared by Mannich base chemistry. A series of compounds bearing solubilizing side chains at these positions has been prepared and evaluated for inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity of the isolated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and of its autophosphorylation in EGF-stimulated A431 cells.

Stereoselective peripheral sensory neurotoxicity of diaminocyclohexane platinum enantiomers related to ormaplatin and oxaliplatin.

The diaminocyclohexane platinum (Pt(DACH)) derivatives ormaplatin and oxaliplatin have caused severe and dose-limiting peripheral sensory neurotoxicity in a clinical trial. We hypothesized that this toxicity could vary in relation to the biotransformation and stereochemistry of these Pt(DACH) derivatives. We prepared pure R,R and S,S enantiomers of ormaplatin (Pt(DACH)Cl4), oxaliplatin (Pt(DACH)oxalato) and their metabolites (Pt(DACH)Cl2 and Pt(DACH)methionine) and assessed their peripheral sensory neurotoxicity and tissue distribution in the rat and in vitro anti-tumour activity in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines.