The importance of behavioral interventions in traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a significant public health concern, profoundly impacting individuals and society. In this context, behavioral interventions have gained prominence as crucial elements in TBI management, addressing the diverse needs of TBI-affected individuals.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Scopus.

Managing Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) for Patients Undergoing Elective Spine Surgery: A Pilot Survey.

Introduction: Patients affected by autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis require surgery for various reasons. However, the systemic inflammatory nature of these disease processes often necessitates therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Alteration of these agents in the perioperative period for surgery requires a careful risk-benefit analysis to limit disease flares, infection rates, and secondary revisions.

Medical School Interview Preference in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Single Institution Experience.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented unforeseen obstacles to prospective medical students such as Medical College of Admission Test (MCAT) scheduling postponements and technical challenges during virtual interviews. Students were also faced with difficult decisions post-submission such as having to choose a program without ever visiting a school in person. The primary objective of the present study is to assess the changes in medical school interview preferences and experiences in the post-COVID-19 era.

Subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and fracture triad as a clinical predictor for the diagnosis of child abuse.

Objective: Nonaccidental trauma (NAT) is a major cause of traumatic death during infancy and early childhood. Several findings are known to raise the index of clinical suspicion: subdural hematoma (SDH), retinal hemorrhage (RH), fracture, and external trauma. Combinations of certain injury types, determined via statistical frequency associations, may assist clinical diagnostic tools when child abuse is suspected.

Orthopedic surgery residents reported increased shoulder procedure volumes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shoulder procedure volumes reported to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education by orthopedic surgery residents.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case logs reporting data from graduating orthopedic surgery residents during the academic years of 2006-2022. Data were queried for all patients for the following shoulder Current Procedural Terminology codes: incision, excision, intro or removal, repair/revision/reconstruction, fracture and/or dislocation, manipulation, arthroscopy, trauma, and total procedures performed.

Emotional intelligence in neurosurgery: Mitigating burnout and enhancing performance.

Background: This study underscores the high burnout rates among physicians, particularly surgical residents, attributing it to the demanding health-care ecosystem. It highlights the negative impacts of burnout, such as medical errors and increased health-care costs, while exploring the potential mitigating role of emotional intelligence (EI) and mindfulness. The research aimed to analyze the existing literature on EI in neurosurgery, focusing on its relationship with physician burnout and its potential role in healthcare leadership and residency training programs.

Assessing social needs among patients with cardiovascular and psychiatric comorbidities in free community health clinics.

Background: Community-related health assessments have been shown to improve several outcomes in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations with comorbid chronic health conditions. However, while it is recognized that modifiable social determinant of health (SDH) factors might be responsible for up to 60% of preventable deaths, it is not yet standard of care to routinely screen and address these at preventive health appointments. The objective of this study was to identify the social needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum Is Associated With Increased Risk of Inflammatory Pouch-Related Complications: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, neutrophilic dermatosis that is a well-established extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of inflammatory bowel disease. The clinical implications of developing PG in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who undergo total proctocolectomy colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (TPC-IPAA) surgery remain unknown.

Methods: Study participants were selected from patients enrolled in the Carlino Family Inflammatory Bowel and Colorectal Disease Biobank between 1998 and 2021 with a pre-colectomy diagnosis of UC and who underwent TPC-IPAA surgery.

Predictors of revision surgery after bedside subdural drain placement for chronic subdural hematomas.

Background And Objective: For chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), bedside subdural drains (SDD) provide a useful alternative to more invasive neurosurgical techniques, including evacuation through multiple burr holes or formal craniotomy. However, no scale currently exists adequately predicting SDD candidacy or treatment response. The present study sought to characterize predictors of revision surgery after initial treatment with bedside SDD for cSDH.

Non-shunt Management of Communicating Hydrocephalus in an Immunocompetent Host With Disseminated Central Nervous System Coccidioidomycosis.

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Involvement of the meninges is often fatal if untreated, typically requiring lifelong antifungal therapy and neurosurgical intervention. We present the case of a young male without any known immunocompromising conditions who opted exclusively for medical management of newly diagnosed coccidioidomycosis meningitis with communicating hydrocephalus and discuss the controversy associated with this approach.

Consultations During COVID: Effects of a Pandemic on Neurosurgical Care.

Background: COVID-19 has impacted neurosurgical care around the world. But reports describing patient admission trends during the pandemic have provided limited time frames and diagnoses. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgical care provided to our emergency department during the outbreak.

Implementation of a culturally competent genetic testing programme into living donor evaluation: A two-site, non-randomised, pre-post trial design.

Introduction: While living donor (LD) kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with kidney failure, LDs assume a higher risk of future kidney failure themselves. LDs of African ancestry have an even greater risk of kidney failure post-donation than White LDs. Because evidence suggests that Apolipoprotein L1 () risk variants contribute to this greater risk, transplant nephrologists are increasingly using genetic testing to evaluate LD candidates of African ancestry.

The man, the myth, the method: an inside look at the open abdomen and abdominal wall reconstruction.

Management of the open abdomen (or the abdomen that will not close) and subsequent abdominal wall reconstruction remains one of the most vexing situations for even the most experienced trauma surgeon. The contribution to the literature on this topic by Dr Timothy Fabian and the Memphis group at the Elvis Presley Trauma Center resulted in the contemporary recognition that the initial management as well as the long-term approach dictates optimal outcomes for patients with this problem. Over three decades, the Memphis group, under Dr Fabian's leadership, performed numerous clinical studies that led to the publication of multiple articles (including a step-by-step how-to manual) for managing the open abdomen from onset to closure.

Spinal cord infarction resulting from intramural haematoma of the thoracic aorta.

We present the case of a female patient in her 60s with multiple medical comorbidities who presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset tearing chest, back and abdominal pain in the setting of a hypertensive emergency. Initial CT-angiography demonstrated mild-diffuse thickening of thoracic and abdominal aorta without signs of intramural haematoma or dissection. The patient was subsequently admitted and medically managed.

Dysfunctional labor and delivery: adverse effects on offspring.

There is no doubt that parturition can produce fetal and neonatal adversity, but the frequency with which this occurs is uncertain, particularly in modern healthcare settings. Moreover, there is a paucity of recent studies in this area. Substantial challenges impede epidemiologic study of the effect of parturition on offspring.

Clarifying the clinical landscape of pediatric spinal arteriovenous shunts: an institutional experience and individual patient-data meta-analysis.

Background: Pediatric spinal arteriovenous shunts (SAVS) are rare lesions with heterogeneous pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, angioarchitecture, and technical/clinical outcomes in SAVS through a large single-center cohort analysis and meta-analysis of individual patient data.

Methods: A retrospective institutional database identified children (aged 0-21 years) who underwent digital subtraction spinal angiography (DSA) for SAVS between January 1996 and July 2021.

Recurrence Rates Following Treatment of Spinal Vascular Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Spinal vascular malformations (SVMs), including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), are a varied group of vascular lesions that can be subclassified according to localization, vascular structure, and hemodynamics. Early intervention is necessary to halt progression of disease and minimize irreversible dysfunction. We sought to characterize initial treatment success and recurrence rates following interventional treatment of various types of SVMs.

Foot Burns and Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Current Clinical Studies and Proposal of a New Treatment Algorithm.

This study aims to systematically identify studies that evaluate lower extremity burn injury in the diabetic population, evaluate their clinical course and patient outcomes, and present a treatment algorithm tailored to diabetic burn patients. Our systematic review of the PubMed and Web of Science databases yielded 429 unique articles. After exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied, 59 articles were selected for evaluation.

SGLT2 inhibitors mitigate kidney tubular metabolic and mTORC1 perturbations in youth-onset type 2 diabetes.

The molecular mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) remain incompletely understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing and morphometric data were collected from research kidney biopsies donated by young persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D), aged 12 to 21 years, and healthy controls (HCs). Participants with T2D were obese and had higher estimated glomerular filtration rates and mesangial and glomerular volumes than HCs.

Firefighter occupational factors and the risk of preterm birth: results from a survey of women firefighters in the USA.

Objectives: Previous research has suggested that women firefighters may have a greater risk of adverse reproductive outcomes compared with non-firefighting women. In this study, we investigated the association between firefighter occupational factors and risk of preterm birth.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis of US firefighters surveyed in 2017 compared preterm birth among firefighters to non-firefighters using age-at-pregnancy-standardised prevalence ratios.