Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Host commensal gut microbes are shown to be crucial for microglial maturation, and functions that involve innate immune responses to maintain brain homeostasis. Sex has a crucial role in the incidence of neurological diseases with females showing higher progression of AD compared with males. Transcriptomics has been a powerful tool for the characterization of microglial phenotypes however, there is a large gap in relating to their functional protein abundances.

Growth of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks on substrates: insight from microsecond atomistic simulations.

While growing two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) on substrates holds promise for producing functional monolayers, the presence of many defects in the resulting crystals often hinders their practical applications. Achieving structural order while suppressing defect formation necessitates a detailed atomic-level understanding. The key lies in understanding the polymerization process with high nano-scale accuracy, which presents significant challenges.

Comparative metabolite profiling of salt sensitive and the halophytic wild rice under salt stress.

To better understand the salt tolerance of the wild rice, , root tissue-specific untargeted comparative metabolomic profiling was performed against the salt-sensitive . Under control, exhibited abundant levels of most metabolites, while salt caused their downregulation in contrast to metabolites in . Under control conditions, itaconate, vanillic acid, threonic acid, eicosanoids, and a group of xanthin compounds were comparatively abundant in .

High-Resolution Depth-Discrete Analysis of PFAS Distribution and Leaching for a Vadose-Zone Source at an AFFF-Impacted Site.

The long-term leaching of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) within the vadose zone of an AFFF application site for which the depth to groundwater is approximately 100 m was investigated by characterizing the vertical distribution of PFAS in a high spatial resolution. The great majority (99%) of PFAS mass resides in the upper 3 m of the vadose zone. The depths to which each PFAS migrated, quantified by moment analysis, is an inverse function of molar volume, demonstrating chromatographic separation.

Ethics of Technology Practice: Beliefs and Behaviors of Certified Rehabilitation Counselors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic represented a critical moment for technology use within rehabilitation counseling. This study explored trends in the beliefs and behaviors of certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs) regarding the ethical use of technology before and during the pandemic. Specifically, this study compared two groups of CRCs regarding the degree to which they engaged in 59 technology behaviors and whether they viewed each behavior to be ethical.

Changes in neurologic status after traumatic brain injury in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Hypertonic Saline trial.

Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem resulting in significant death and disability. Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel often provide initial treatment for TBI, but only limited data describe the long-term course and outcomes of this care. We sought to characterize changes in neurologic status among adults with TBI patients enrolled in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Hypertonic Saline (ROC-HS) trial.

Frequency of acute vasodilator response (AVR) in incident and prevalent patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the pulmonary vascular disease phenomics study.

The prevalence of acute vasodilator response (AVR) to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) during right heart catheterization (RHC) is 12% in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). AVR, however, is reportedly lower in other disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), such as connective tissue disease (CTD). The prevalence of AVR in patients on PAH therapy (prevalent cases) is unknown.

Combining native mass spectrometry and lipidomics to uncover specific membrane protein-lipid interactions from natural lipid sources.

While it is known that lipids play an essential role in regulating membrane protein structure and function, it remains challenging to identify specific protein-lipid interactions. Here, we present an innovative approach that combines native mass spectrometry (MS) and lipidomics to identify lipids retained by membrane proteins from natural lipid extracts. Our results reveal that the bacterial ammonia channel (AmtB) enriches specific cardiolipin (CDL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) from natural headgroup extracts.

Pivotal role of transition density in circularly polarized luminescence.

Realizing high luminescence dissymmetry factor () in circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials remains a big challenge, which necessitates understanding systematically how their molecular structure controls the CPL. Here we investigate representative organic chiral emitters with different transition density distributions and reveal the pivotal role of transition density in CPL. We rationalize that to obtain large -factors, two conditions should be simultaneously satisfied: (i) the transition density for the (or )-to- emission must be delocalized over the entire chromophore; and (ii) the chromophore inter-segment twisting must be restricted and tuned to an optimal value (∼50°).

Synthesized peptide analogs from Eumenes pomiformis (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae) venom reveals their antibiotic and pesticide activity potential.

One natural antimicrobial peptide (EpVP2a, Eumenes pomiformis Venom Peptide 2a) found in the venom of a potter wasp (Eumenes pomiformis) and six analogs were synthesized and tested to compare their antimicrobial, antifungal, pesticide, and hemolytic activity with the wild type. Our results indicated that while the original peptide and the synthetic analogs had no antifungal activity or anti-bacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the original peptide and the analog with substitution of the aspartic acid on the sequence by a lysine (EpVP2a-D2K2) had activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. This same analog also shows significant insecticide activity.

A novel CLAVATA1 mutation causes multilocularity in .

Locules are the seed-bearing structure of fruits. Multiple locules are associated with increased fruit size and seed set, and therefore, control of locule number is an important agronomic trait. Locule number is controlled in part by the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL pathway.

Hiding in plain sight: Cryptic enemies are found on cochineal (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), a scale insect of economic and cultural significance.

Cochineal is the common name for cactus-feeding scale insects in the Dactylopiidae. These ruby-red insects include the domesticated dye insect . and congeners have been introduced around the world, some accidentally, to become pests of prickly pear cactus species (), and some intentionally, for dye production or biological control of pest In the northern Sonoran Desert (Tucson, AZ, USA), we studied the enemy complex of and on and characterized two cryptic enemies, a coccinellid beetle predator and a parasitoid wasp.

Engaging Members of a Northern Plains Indian Reservation to Promote Community Responsive Health Care.

This article describes a project to engage community members and to determine how a school nurse-community partnership could improve healthcare equity within an American Indian community. The purpose of this community-building project was to establish a relationship among school nurse practitioners, children, and their community in a Northern Plains Indian reservation using a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) model. CBPR requires a partnership between community members and school nurses in prioritizing community needs, developing an appropriate intervention, and engaging the community throughout the intervention project process.

New results on orbital resonances.

Perturbative analyses of planetary resonances commonly predict singularities and/or divergences of resonance widths at very low and very high eccentricities. We have recently reexamined the nature of these divergences using non-perturbative numerical analyses, making use of Poincaré sections but from a different perspective relative to previous implementations of this method. This perspective reveals fine structure of resonances which otherwise remains hidden in conventional approaches, including analytical, semi-analytical and numerical-averaging approaches based on the critical resonant angle.

Sex-Related Differences in Genetic Cardiomyopathies.

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous collection of diseases that have in common primary functional and structural abnormalities of the heart muscle, often genetically determined. The most effective categorization of cardiomyopathies is based on the presenting phenotype, with hypertrophic, dilated, arrhythmogenic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy as the prototypes. Sex modulates the prevalence, morpho-functional manifestations and clinical course of cardiomyopathies.

Conservatism and infrequent mask usage: A study of US counties during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Objective: Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention eventually recommended wearing masks in public to slow the spread of the coronavirus, the practice has been unevenly distributed in the United States.

Methods: In this article, we model county-level infrequent mask usage as a function of three pillars of conservatism: (1) Republican political leadership (percentage of votes for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election), (2) conservative Protestantism (percentage evangelical Christian), and (3) right-wing media consumption (Google searches for ).

Results: Our analyses indicate that mask usage tends to be in counties with greater support for President Trump (in majority Trump counties), counties with more evangelical Christians, and areas with greater interest in .

The Use of Point-of-care Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pott's Puffy Tumor: A Case Report.

Introduction: Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare clinical disease characterized by forehead swelling from a subperiosteal abscess coupled with frontal bone osteomyelitis. It is often associated with severe complications and poor outcomes if left undiagnosed; thus, rapid recognition is crucial. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may provide an alternative pathway to diagnosis.

Suggested Curricular Guidelines for Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Training.

A sports medicine physician manages musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries and sport-related medical and MSK conditions of patients of all ages and abilities. Physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians (physiatrists) must be adequately trained to provide this care for all patients including, but not limited to, athletes participating in organized sports, the weekend warrior as well as athletes with disabilities. Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education core requirements and basic guidelines help physiatry residency training programs develop and implement residency curriculums.