Fatal Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection Likely from Unrecognized Breast Lesions.

Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is very prevalent yet in rare circumstances can lead to fatal neonatal disease. Genital acquisition of type 2 HSV is the usual mode for neonatal herpes, but HSV-1 transmission by genital or extragenital means may result in greater mortality rates. A very rare scenario is presented in which the mode of transmission was likely through breast lesions.

A murine model for the development of melanocytic nevi and their progression to melanoma.

Acquired melanocytic nevi are commonly found in sun exposed and unexposed human skin, but the potential for their transformation into invasive melanoma is not clear. Therefore, a mouse model of nevus initiation and progression was developed in C3H/HeN mice using a modified chemical carcinogenesis protocol. Nevi develop due to DNA damage initiated by dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA) followed by chronic promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA).

2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.

This July 2014 edition of the IAS-USA drug resistance mutations list updates the figures last published in March 2013. The following mutations have been added to existing classes or drugs: K65E/N has been added to the bars for the nucleoside and nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs) abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, and tenofovir; L100I has been added to the bar for the nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine; and F121Y has been added to the bars for the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) dolutegravir, elvitegravir, and raltegravir. With regard to protease inhibitors (PIs), it cannot be excluded that drug resistance may be selected for outside the protease encoding region.

2011 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.

This November 2011 edition of the IAS-USA drug resistance mutations list updates the figures last published in December 2010 (Johnson VA et al, Top HIV Med, 2010;18:156-163).

Ramelteon for Insomnia Related to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of ramelteon for insomnia in adult subjects with ADHD.

Experimental Design: For this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 8 mg of ramelteon was given nightly, within three hours of bedtime, to ADHD-insomnia subjects confirmed by DSM-IV-TR, ADHD-RS, MINI, and clinical interview. All subjects underwent two weeks each of ramelteon and placebo.

Determinants of stillbirth in Zambia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the rates and determinants of stillbirth in an urban African obstetric population.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed vital outcomes of newborns whose mothers received antenatal care, delivery care, or both antenatal and delivery care in the Lusaka, Zambia, public sector between February 2006 and March 2009. We excluded newborns weighing less than 1,000 g, those whose mothers died before delivery, and those born outside Lusaka.

Efficacy of CMX001 against herpes simplex virus infections in mice and correlations with drug distribution studies.

CMX001, an orally active lipid conjugate of cidofovir, is 50 times more active in vitro against herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication than acyclovir or cidofovir. These studies compared the efficacy of CMX001 to acyclovir in BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with HSV types 1 or 2. CMX001 was effective in reducing mortality using doses of 5 to 1.

Benchmarking outcomes in plastic surgery: national complication rates for abdominoplasty and breast augmentation.

Background: The authors evaluated the use of national databases to track surgical complications among abdominoplasty and breast augmentation patients.

Methods: Their study population included all patients with abdominoplasty or breast augmentation in the Tracking Operations and Outcomes for Plastic Surgeons (TOPS) and CosmetAssure databases from 2003 to 2007. They evaluated the incidence of hematoma, infection, and/or deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism.

Results from four rounds of ovarian cancer screening in a randomized trial.

Objective: To test whether annual screening with transvaginal ultrasonography and CA 125 reduces ovarian cancer mortality.

Methods: Data from the first four annual screens, denoted T0-T3, are reported. A CA 125 value at or above 35 units/mL or an abnormality on transvaginal ultrasonography was considered a positive screen.

Update of the Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1.

The International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) Drug Resistance Mutations Group reviews new data on HIV-1 drug resistance that have been published or presented at recent scientific meetings to maintain a current list of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance.This December 2008 version of the IAS-USA drug resistance mutations figures updates those published in this journal in March/April 2008 (Johnson VA, Brun-Vezinet F, Clotet B, et al, Top HIV Med, 2008;16:62-68). The compilation includes mutations that may contribute to a reduced virologic response to HIV-1 drugs.

A pilot assessment of parental practices and attitudes regarding risk disclosure and clinical research involving children in Huntington disease families.

Purpose: To characterize parental practices of informing children of risk for Huntington disease (HD), and to understand the attitudes of parents concerning childhood participation in HD research.

Methods: An anonymous Internet survey was accessed by individuals of HD families. The survey probed for data regarding individual risk for HD, as well as when or if children had been informed of the disease.

Catamenial diabetic ketoacidosis and catamenial hyperglycemia: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), an acute and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, is frequently the result of a precipitating illness or nonadherence to treatment; however, despite a thorough history, physical, radiologic, and laboratory examination, a specific cause or precipitating event cannot be identified in a significant number of cases.

Aims: To report 2 cases of recurrent DKA, and hyperglycemic crisis, associated to the menstrual cycle, and provide a review of the medical literature.

Methods: The clinic and hospital medical records of 2 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and unexplained DKA are reviewed.

Development of a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the determination of tenofovir in human plasma.

A sensitive and specific method for the quantitation of tenofovir (TFV) in human plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was developed and validated. Plasma samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction performed on Waters Oasis cation-exchange cartridges (30 mg). Chromatographic separation was performed isocratically on a reversed-phase Waters Atlantis dC18 column (2.

Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: Fall 2006.

The International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) Drug Resistance Mutations Group is marking 6 years as an independent volunteer panel of experts focused on identifying key HIV-1 drug resistance mutations. The goal of the effort is to quickly deliver accurate and unbiased information on these mutations to HIV clinical practitioners. This version of the IAS-USA Drug Resistance Mutations Figures replaces the version published in this journal in October/November 2005.

Long-term glycaemic efficacy and weight changes associated with thiazolidinediones when added at an advanced stage of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To describe the outcome of 35 patients with type 2 diabetes prospectively followed for 6 years after the addition of a thiazolidinedione (TZD) to a failing regimen of a sulphonylurea and metformin -- triple oral therapy.

Methods: Study patients were assessed for the need for the addition of insulin to their regimen, and follow-up clinical and laboratory findings were analysed.

Results: At a mean follow-up of 72 +/- 1.