Talazoparib in Patients With Solid Tumors With / Mutation: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study.

Purpose: The Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study is a phase II basket trial evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancer and genomic alterations known to be drug targets. Results of a cohort of patients with various solid tumors with germline or somatic mutations treated with talazoparib are reported.

Methods: Eligible patients had advanced solid tumors, measurable disease (RECIST), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, adequate organ function, and no standard treatment options.

Healthcare Provider Perceptions of the Use of Medical Interpretation in Primary Care.

Objectives: Sixty-three percent of Latinos/as/x in Alabama, speak English "not well" or "not at all." Effective provider-patient communication is the foundation of successful clinical interactions. Medical interpretation is important to the healthcare provision for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP).

Treatment Options for Onychomycosis: Efficacy, Side Effects, Adherence, Financial Considerations, and Ethics.

Background: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit that affects a large patient population globally. Onychomycosis, or tinea unguium, has a benign chronic clinical course; however, it can cause complications in certain patient populations suffering from diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. As nails grow slowly, onychomycosis requires a lengthy treatment plan, and choosing appropriate treatments can be challenging.

Spatial Transcriptomics Resolve an Emphysema-specific Lymphoid Follicle B Cell Signature in COPD.

Rationale: Within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema is characterized by a significant yet partially understood B cell immune component.

Objective: To characterize the transcriptomic signatures from lymphoid follicles (LFs) in ever-smokers without COPD and COPD patients with varying degrees of emphysema.

Methods: Lung sections from 40 COPD patients and ever-smokers were used for LF proteomic and transcriptomic spatial profiling.

The Year in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: Selected Highlights From 2023.

This special article is the 16th in an annual series for the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. The authors thank the editor-in-chief, Dr. Kaplan, and the editorial board for the opportunity to continue this series, namely the research highlights of the past year in the specialty of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesiology.

International study of physicians' opinion on physician-patient sex concordance when treating athletes.

Background: The effect of physician-patient sex concordance in medicine has been reported in many studies. Whether physicians believe that the sex concordance between physician and athlete influences treatment has not been investigated.

Objective: To determine whether physicians believe that the sex concordance between physician and athlete influences treatment.

Pulmonary hemodynamics and transplant-free survival in sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: Results from an international registry.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a risk factor for mortality in patients with sarcoidosis. Severe PH in chronic lung disease has previously been defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 35 mmHg or mPAP 25 ≥ mmHg with cardiac index (CI) ≤ 2 L/min/m. However, there is no clear definition denoting severity of sarcoidosis-associated PH (SAPH).

Physical Activity among Colorectal Cancer Patients and Survivors in Egypt.

Introduction: Understanding physical activity (PA) levels is important when developing tertiary cancer prevention interventions, especially in Egypt where colorectal cancer (CRC) is more often diagnosed at later stages and at a younger age of onset (≤40 years).

Methods: We assessed PA levels among CRC patients and survivors in Alexandria, Egypt. All participants completed two self-reported PA assessments: Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ).

Transcriptional subtypes of glottic cancer characterized by differential activation of canonical oncogenic programming.

Background: There is a paucity of data concerning molecular heterogeneity among glottic squamous cell carcinoma, and the clinical implications thereof.

Methods: Data corresponding to glottic squamous cell carcinoma were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The Onco-GPS computational methodology was levied to derive four patterns of transcriptional activity and three functional subtypes of glottic cancer.

Evaluation of a semi-automated approach for FDG PET image analysis for routine clinical application in patients with multiple myeloma.

Background: FDG PET/CT is a tool for assessing response to therapy in various cancers, and may provide an earlier biomarker of clinical response. We developed a novel semi-automated approach for analyzing FDG PET/CT images in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) to standardize FDG PET application.

Methods: Patients (n = 8) with relapsed/refractory MM from the Phase 2 study (NCT02899052) of venetoclax plus carfilzomib and dexamethasone underwent FDG PET/CT at baseline and up to two timepoints during treatment.

Prevention of maternal and neonatal death/infections with a single oral dose of azithromycin in women in labour in low-income and middle-income countries (A-PLUS): a study protocol for a multinational, randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Maternal and neonatal infections are among the most frequent causes of maternal and neonatal mortality, and current antibiotic strategies have been ineffective in preventing many of these deaths. A randomised clinical trial conducted in a single site in The Gambia showed that treatment with an oral dose of 2 g azithromycin versus placebo for all women in labour reduced certain maternal and neonatal infections. However, it is unknown if this therapy reduces maternal and neonatal sepsis and mortality.

Diagnostic accuracy of ASQ for screening of neurodevelopmental delays in low resource countries.

Objective: The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) is the most used diagnostic tool to identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children under age 3 but is challenging to use in low-resource countries. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) is an easy-to-use, low-cost clinical tool completed by parents/caregivers that screens children for developmental delay. The objective was to determine the performance of ASQ as a screening tool for neurodevelopmental impairment when compared with BSID second edition (BSID-II) for the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental impairment among infants at 12 and 18 months of age in low-resource countries.

Pertuzumab Plus Trastuzumab in Patients With Endometrial Cancer With Amplification, Overexpression, or Mutation: Results From the TAPUR Study.

Purpose: The TAPUR Study is a pragmatic basket trial evaluating antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancers harboring potentially actionable genomic alterations. Data from a cohort of patients with endometrial cancer (EC) with or amplification, overexpression, or mutation treated with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab (P + T) are reported.

Methods: Eligible patients had advanced EC, no standard treatment options, measurable disease (RECIST v1.

Pancreatic islet cell type-specific transcriptomic changes during pregnancy and postpartum.

Pancreatic β-cell mass expands during pregnancy and regresses in the postpartum period in conjunction with dynamic metabolic demands on maternal glucose homeostasis. To understand transcriptional changes driving these adaptations in β-cells and other islet cell types, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on islets from virgin, late gestation, and early postpartum mice. We identified transcriptional signatures unique to gestation and the postpartum in β-cells, including induction of the AP-1 transcription factor subunits and other genes involved in the immediate-early response (IEGs).

Cross-sectional study to assess depression among healthcare workers in Lusaka, Zambia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: We sought to assess depression among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the context of COVID-19 in Lusaka Province, Zambia.

Design: This cross-sectional study is nested within a larger study, the Person-Centred Public Health for HIV Treatment in Zambia (PCPH), a cluster-randomised trial to assess HIV care and outcomes.

Setting: The research was conducted in 24 government-run health facilities from 11 August to 15 October 2020 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lusaka, Zambia.

Late permissive hypercapnia and respiratory stability among very preterm infants: a pilot randomised trial.

Objective: Determine if targeting higher transcutaneous carbon dioxide improves respiratory stability among very preterm infants on ventilatory support.

Design: Single-centre pilot randomised clinical trial.

Setting: The University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Silent findings: Examination of asymptomatic demyelination in a pediatric US cohort.

Background And Objectives: Limited data is available on children with evidence of silent central nervous system demyelination on MRI. We sought to characterize the population in a US cohort and identify predictors of clinical and radiologic outcomes.

Methods: We identified 56 patients such patients who presented with incidental MRI findings suspect for demyelination, enrolled through our US Network of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centers, and conducted a retrospective review of 38 patients with MR images, and examined risk factors for development of first clinical event or new MRI activity.

Genetic testing in children with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis.

Background: Diagnosing genetic kidney disease has become more accessible with low-cost, rapid genetic testing. The study objectives were to determine genetic testing diagnostic yield and examine predictors of genetic diagnosis in children with nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis (NL/NC).

Methods: This retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on children ≤ 21 years old with NL/NC from pediatric nephrology/urology centers that underwent the Invitae Nephrolithiasis Panel 1/1/2019-9/30/2021.

An international study on attitudes and opinions regarding female sports medicine physicians during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Objectives: Supporting female sports medicine physicians to simultaneously be mothers and pursue professional careers is crucial to maintain gender diversity in sports medicine physicians. The purpose of this study is to understand the attitudes toward female sports medicine physicians during pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods: An anonymous online survey was distributed to sports medicine physicians practicing in 51 different countries.