Evolution of Maternal Provisioning and Development in the Ophiuroidea: Egg Size, Larval Form, and Parental Care.

The Ophiuroidea is the most speciose class of echinoderms and has the greatest diversity of larval forms, but we know less about the evolution of development (evo-devo) in this group than for the other echinoderm classes. As is typical of echinoderms, evo-devo in the Ophiuroidea resulted in the switch from production of small eggs and feeding (planktotrophic) larvae to large eggs and non-feeding (lecithotrophic) larvae. Parental care (ovoviviparity or viviparity/matrotrophy) is the most derived life history.

Bayesian Vancomycin Model Selection for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neonates.

Background And Objective: Pharmacokinetic models can inform drug dosing of vancomycin in neonates to optimize therapy. However, the model selected needs to describe the intended population to provide appropriate dose recommendations. Our study aims to identify the population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model(s) with the best performance to predict vancomycin exposure in neonates in our hospital.

Juvenile waiting stage crown-of-thorns sea stars are resilient in heatwave conditions that bleach and kill corals.

The juveniles of predatory sea stars can remain in their recruitment-nursery habitat for some time before their ontogenetic shift to the adult habitat and diet. These small juveniles are vulnerable to a range of factors with their sensitivity amplified by climate change-driven ocean warming. We investigate the thermal tolerance of the waiting stage herbivorous juveniles of the keystone coral predator, the crown-of-thorns sea star (COTS, Acanthaster sp.

Insomnia subtypes characterised by objective sleep duration and NREM spectral power and the effect of acute sleep restriction: an exploratory analysis.

Insomnia disorder (ID) is a heterogeneous disorder with proposed subtypes based on objective sleep duration. We speculated that insomnia subtyping with additional power spectral analysis and measurement of response to acute sleep restriction may be informative in overall assessment of ID. To explore alternative classifications of ID subtypes, insomnia patients (n = 99) underwent two consecutive overnight sleep studies: (i) habitual sleep opportunity (polysomnography, PSG) and, (ii) two hours less sleep opportunity (electroencephalography, EEG), with the first night compared to healthy controls (n = 25).

A Mobile App and Dashboard for Early Detection of Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Development Study.

Background: Outbreaks of infectious diseases pose great risks, including hospitalization and death, to public health. Therefore, improving the management of outbreaks is important for preventing widespread infection and mitigating associated risks. Mobile health technology provides new capabilities that can help better capture, monitor, and manage infectious diseases, including the ability to quickly identify potential outbreaks.

The prevalence, characteristics, expenditure and predictors of complementary medicine use in Australians living with gastrointestinal disorders: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: To determine the prevalence, characteristics, expenditure and predictors of complementary medicine (CM) use in Australian adults living with gastrointestinal disorders (GID).

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 2,025 Australian adults was conducted. Participants were recruited through purposive convenience sampling.

Geographic Distribution of (EHNV) in Freshwater Fish in South Eastern Australia: Lost Opportunity for a Notifiable Pathogen to Expand Its Geographic Range.

(EHNV) was originally detected in Victoria, Australia in 1984. It spread rapidly over two decades with epidemic mortality events in wild redfin perch () and mild disease in farmed rainbow trout () being documented across southeastern Australia in New South Wales (NSW), the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Victoria, and South Australia. We conducted a survey for EHNV between July 2007 and June 2011.

Narratives of life with long-term low back pain: A follow up interview study.

Background: Long-term low back pain is associated with multiple challenges to a person's identity and social position. Despite efforts to understand the challenges of low back pain, recovery remains a major problem both personally and socially. This indicate a need for a different approach.

Molecular epidemiology of Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV).

Low genetic diversity of Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) was determined for the complete genome of 16 isolates spanning the natural range of hosts, geography and time since the first outbreaks of disease. Genomes ranged from 125,591-127,487 nucleotides with 97.47% pairwise identity and 106-109 genes.

Radionuclide leakage monitoring during hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion for treatment of local melanoma metastasis in an extremity.

Introduction: The aim is to describe the importance of leakage monitoring in hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (ILP). It is generally recommended that leakage should not exceed 10% because of risk of systemic toxicity.

Material And Methods: Data retrieved by retrospective analysis of 131 perfusions performed in 115 consecutive patients (77 women and 38 men; median age 66 years) with recurrent and/or clinically apparent, cutaneous or subcutaneous melanoma metastases in an extremity.