THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Introduction and Other Protein Targets.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Nuclear hormone receptors.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: G protein-coupled receptors.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Catalytic receptors.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Ion channels.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Enzymes.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Transporters.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.

Patient experiences of the burden of using medicines for long-term conditions and factors affecting burden: A cross-sectional survey.

Many patients find using medicines burdensome. This paper reports the types of issues people experience with medicines, using a validated measure of medicines burden, and the factors associated with high burden. The cross-sectional study involved patients presenting prescriptions at pharmacies or awaiting appointments at GP practices or outpatient clinics, during October 2015 to December 2016.

Development and validation of a revised instrument to measure burden of long-term medicines use: the Living with Medicines Questionnaire version 3.

Objectives: To revise the Living with Medicines Questionnaire version 2 (LMQ-2), which measures the burden of using prescribed medicines, to include cost and expand side effects and social issues.

Methods: New statements were developed and validated through cognitive interviews with medicine users, and these and a global visual analog scale (VAS) were added to the 42-item LMQ-2. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using an online public survey.

Pseudotype Neutralization Assays: From Laboratory Bench to Data Analysis.

Pseudotype neutralization assays are powerful tools to study functional antibody responses against viruses in low biosafety laboratories. However, protocols described in the literature differ widely with respect to material, reagents, and methods used to perform these assays and to analyse the raw data generated. This could result in discrepancies between the results of different laboratories even when the same pseudotypes and the same samples are analysed.

Identifying enablers and barriers to individually tailored prescribing: a survey of healthcare professionals in the UK.

Background: Many people now take multiple medications on a long-term basis to manage health conditions. Optimising the benefit of such polypharmacy requires tailoring of medicines use to the needs and circumstances of individuals. However, professionals report barriers to achieving this in practice.

Medicine-related services in community pharmacy: public preferences for pharmacy attributes and promotional methods and comparison with pharmacists' perceptions.

Background: Public awareness of pharmacy services designed to support the use of medicines is low, yet little is known about how the public view promotion of these services, or their preferences for the attributes of pharmacies from which they would like to receive them.

Objective: To compare the public's preferred attributes of pharmacies and methods for promoting medicine-related services with community pharmacists' perceptions of their customers' views.

Methods: Parallel surveys were conducted in South East England, using a street survey for the general public and a postal survey for community pharmacists.

Comparison of pharmacist and public views and experiences of community pharmacy medicines-related services in England.

Background: Services provided by community pharmacists designed to support people using medicines are increasing. In England, two national services exist: Medicine Use Reviews (MUR) and New Medicines Service (NMS). Very few studies have been conducted seeking views of the public, rather than service users, on willingness to use these services or expectations of these services, or determined whether views align with pharmacist perceptions.

Public attitudes towards community pharmacy attributes and preferences for methods for promotion of public health services.

Objective: To identify attitudes towards pharmacy characteristics and promotional methods for selected pharmacy public health services (lifestyle advice and screening for cardiovascular risk factors) among different sectors of the general public.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey, using a previously validated questionnaire.

Methods: Three survey methods were used, across 15 areas of England, to maximize diversity: face-to-face; telephone; and self-completion of paper questionnaires.

Delays and interruptions in the acute medical unit clerking process: an observational study.

Objectives: It is recommended that patients are seen within 4 h of arrival in Acute Medical Units in English hospitals. This study explored the frequency and nature of interruptions and delays potentially affecting the duration of the Acute Medical Unit admission process and the quality of care provided.

Design: The admission process was directly observed for patients admitted to the Acute Medical Unit over four one-week periods, November 2009 to April 2011.

Views of English Pharmacists on Providing Public Health Services.

Locally-commissioned pharmacy public health services have developed in England over the last 20 years. Few studies have sought pharmacist views on commissioning and provision of public health services in general. This study sought views of community pharmacists ( = 778) in 16 areas of England on services provided, decisions about services, support, promotion and future developments, using a postal questionnaire with two reminders.

Initial development and testing of an instrument for patient self-assessment of adverse drug reactions.

Purpose: To develop and conduct preliminary testing of a causality assessment tool for patients, for potential use in encouraging both discussions with clinicians about suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and reporting to authorities.

Methods: Ten causality statements, developed from qualitative studies involving patients, with a scoring system allowing categorization, were embedded in a questionnaire which also included a symptom checklist and additional details about one suspected ADR and medicine, selected for causality assessment. Patients with experiences of suspected ADRs were involved in cognitive interviews (15), piloting (20) and psychometric testing (120).

General public's views on pharmacy public health services: current situation and opportunities in the future.

Objectives: To explore the experience of and willingness to use seven pharmacy public health services related to cardiovascular risk among the general public in England.

Study Design: Mixed-methods study.

Methods: A mixed-methods study, involving a cross-sectional survey using multiple distribution methods followed by a focus group discussion (FGD) with a sample of survey respondents.

Pseudotype-based neutralization assays for influenza: a systematic analysis.

The use of vaccination against the influenza virus remains the most effective method of mitigating the significant morbidity and mortality caused by this virus. Antibodies elicited by currently licensed influenza vaccines are predominantly hemagglutination-inhibition (HI)-competent antibodies that target the globular head of hemagglutinin (HA) thus inhibiting influenza virus entry into target cells. These antibodies predominantly confer homosubtypic/strain specific protection and only rarely confer heterosubtypic protection.

Management for improving patients' knowledge and understanding about drug allergy.

Background: Drug allergy a serious adverse drug reaction commonly concerned in healthcare practice. Inadequate documentation and communication between health providers, and limited health literacy and knowledge in patients could contribute to the re-occurrence of allergic reactions.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives aiming to improve patients' knowledge, understanding and behavior in preventing recurrent drug allergy.

Involving the public and other stakeholders in development and evaluation of a community pharmacy alcohol screening and brief advice service.

Objectives: To explore the views of community pharmacy staff, the general public and other stakeholders towards pharmacy-based alcohol screening and advice services. To involve all relevant stakeholders in designing an acceptable and feasible pharmacy-based alcohol screening and advice service. To evaluate a pilot service from the user perspective.