A serological survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in wild boar in Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an infectious swine disease caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV) that results in economic loss to the pig-rearing industry. To study PRRSV infection in wild boars and pigs, we conducted a serological survey in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, from 2020 to 2021. Three out of 453 (0.

Contact between Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia induces their division.

Mesocestoides vogae is a cestode of the order Cyclophyllidea, and its second intermediate hosts are mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. The parasite forms a tetrathyridium in the second intermediate host and multiplies asexually, sometimes to the point of filling the host's abdominal cavity. Proliferated tetrathyridium may cause lethal conditions in the host.

Identification of Potential mRNA Biomarkers in Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Cattle.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a disease caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV); only a small percentage of BLV-infected cattle develop EBL and present with B-cell lymphosarcoma. There is no vaccine against BLV, treatment for EBL, or method for predicting the possibility of EBL onset, thus making EBL control difficult. Herein, to explore biomarkers for EBL in milk, we examined the mRNA profiles of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in milk from four BLV-uninfected and four EBL cattle by microarray analysis.

A New Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serological Diagnosis of Seal Parapoxvirus Infection in Marine Mammals.

Introduction: Seal parapoxvirus (SPPV) infection has been reported among pinnipeds in aquaria in Japan; however, its seroprevalence is unknown. Therefore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for serological diagnosis of SPPV infection.

Material And Methods: The gene encoding the major envelope protein of SPPV was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pAcGFP1-N1, which encodes the green fluorescence protein (GFP), thereby producing a fusion protein (Env-GFP).

Two-Round Treatment With Propidium Monoazide Completely Inhibits the Detection of Dead spp. Cells by Quantitative PCR.

spp. are known as important foodborne gastroenteric pathogens worldwide. spp.

Intrathecally administered substance P activated the spinal defecation center and enhanced colorectal motility in anesthetized rats.

Noxious stimuli on the colorectum cause colorectal contractions through activation of descending monoaminergic pathways projecting from the supraspinal defecation center to the spinal defecation center. Since it is known that substance P is involved in the response to peripheral noxious stimuli in the spinal cord, we investigated the effects of intrathecally administered substance P at L6-S1 levels on colorectal motility in rats that were anesthetized with α-chloralose and ketamine. Intrathecally administered substance P enhanced colorectal motility, even after transection of the thoracic spinal cord at the T4 level.

Comparing microRNA in milk small extracellular vesicles among healthy cattle and cattle at high risk for bovine leukemia virus transmission.

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a B-cell lymphosarcoma caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. In Japan, cattle diagnosed with EBL are not permitted for human consumption by the law, thereby causing serious economic losses to farmers. The prevalence of BLV is high in Japan (40.

Contribution of sex hormones to the sexually dimorphic response of colorectal motility to noxious stimuli in rats.

Our recent studies have shown that noxious stimuli in the colorectum enhance colorectal motility via the brain and spinal defecation centers in male rats. In female rats, however, noxious stimuli have no effect on colorectal motility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex hormones are major contributing factors for sex-dependent differences in neural components of the spinal defecation center.

Case Report: Surgical Treatment of Type IV Spinal Dermoid Sinus in a Shiba Inu.

A 2-year-old spayed female Shiba Inu was presented with progressive non-ambulatory bilateral paraparesis, back pain, and urinary incontinence. CT and MRI revealed multiple vertebral malformations and type IV dermoid sinus. Hemilaminectomy was performed in T1-T5 to remove the dermoid sinus and granulomatous lesion that infiltrated into the spinal cord parenchyma.

The inhibitory effects of MIF on accumulation of canine degenerative myelopathy-associated mutant SOD1 aggregation.

Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is commonly associated with c.118G > A (p. E40K) missense mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene.

Role of temperature, nutrition, oxygen, osmolality, and bacterial strain in inducing a viable but non-culturable state in Campylobacter jejuni.

Campylobacter jejuni is a globally important foodborne pathogen that can exist environmentally in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, leading to missed detection of VBNC cells in food and false results in epidemiological surveillance. To establish a method for its resuscitation from the VBNC state and enable better detection, the mechanisms by which C. jejuni are induced into the VBNC state should be understood in detail.

Identification of Novel Oxindole Compounds That Suppress ER Stress-Induced Cell Death as Chemical Chaperones.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress lead to protein misfolding, and the resulting accumulation of protein aggregates is often associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion disease. Small molecules preventing these pathogenic processes may be effective interventions for such neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, we identify several novel oxindole compounds that can prevent ER stress- and oxidative stress-induced cell death.

Novel oxindole compounds inhibit the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Amyloidogenic proteins form aggregates in cells, thereby leading to neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and prion's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in humans, and degenerative myelopathy (DM) and cognitive dysfunction in dogs. Hence, many small-molecule compounds have been screened to examine their inhibitory effects on amyloidogenic protein aggregation. However, no effective drug suitable for transition to clinical use has been found.

A novel multiplex PCR assay to detect and distinguish between different types of Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius, and a survey of foulbrood pathogen contamination in Japanese honey.

Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius are the causative agents of American and European foulbroods of honey bees, respectively. Since their virulence and resistance to disinfectants differ depending on the genotypes/phenotypes of the strains, the discrimination of strain types is important for the effective control of these diseases. Methods to detect and differentiate pathogens in honey are useful for surveying the contamination status of beehives/apiaries.

Microendoscopic Dorsal Laminectomy for Multi-Level Cervical Intervertebral Disc Protrusions in Dogs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of microendoscopic dorsal laminectomy for multi-level cervical intervertebral disc protrusions in dogs. Eight client-owned dogs diagnosed with multi-level cervical intervertebral disc protrusions using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in this retrospective case series. Microendoscopic dorsal laminectomies (MEL) were performed with an integrated endoscopic system to the cranial and caudal vertebrae of the affected intervertebral joints.

First detection of Lake Sinai virus in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and wild arthropods in Japan.

Lake Sinai virus (LSV), an RNA virus, is suspected to be associated with poor health in honeybees (Apis mellifera). We examined LSV in 26 specimens of healthy honeybees and 44 specimens of wild arthropods in the Gifu Prefecture, Japan. LSV was found more frequently in honeybee specimens (11/26, 42.

Intraperitoneal administration of synthetic microRNA-214 elicits tumor suppression in an intraperitoneal dissemination mouse model of canine hemangiosarcoma.

Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) has an extremely poor prognosis, making it necessary to develop new systemic treatment methods. MicroRNA-214 (miR-214) is one of many microRNAs (miRNA) that can induce apoptosis in HSA cell lines. Synthetic miR-214 (miR-214/5AE), which showed higher cytotoxicity and greater nuclease resistance than mature miR-214, has been developed for clinical application.

Putative Internal Control Genes in Bovine Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles Suitable for Normalization in Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Bovine milk small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contain many biologically important molecules, including mRNAs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a widely used method for quantifying mRNA in tissues and cells. However, the use, selection, and stability of suitable putative internal control genes in bovine milk sEVs for normalization in qRT-PCR have not yet been identified.

Expression and functional analysis of chemokine receptor 7 in canine lymphoma cell lines.

C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) contributes to cell homing to lymph nodes (LNs). Recent studies reported that CCR7 is also expressed in tumor cells, which correlates with LN metastasis in various cancers. However, the expression of CCR7 in tumor cells is unknown in dogs due to the lack of appropriate antibodies.

Fluctuations in serum steroid hormone concentrations and body mass during growth and sexual maturation in captive northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus).

Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) have a distinct life history pattern comprising annual terrestrial breeding and oceanic migration, and the physiological changes associated with these patterns are of particular interest for understanding their environmental adaptations. However, owing to their oceanic distribution, limited information is available on the reproductive physiology of wild individuals during the immature stage and the winter migration period. This study aimed to determine the relationships among the seasonal hormone profiles, body growth, age, and pregnancy using monthly serum samples collected over 3-5 years from two male and two female captive individuals during pubescence and sexual maturation.

Case Report: Spinal Stabilization Surgery Using a Novel Custom-Made Titanium Fixation System for the Spinal Instability Caused by Vertebral Malformation in a Dog.

A 2-year-old Maltese was presented with wobbly gait of the pelvic limbs. Based on imaging examinations, a diagnosis of congenital malformation at T5-T8 and severe kyphosis causing spinal cord compression at T6-T7 was made. Dorsal laminectomy and stabilization of T6 and T7 vertebrae were performed.

Suppurative meningoencephalitis and perineuritis caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus in a Japanese Black calf.

A 179-day-old calf, which was weak and stunted, showed neurological signs and was euthanized. Postmortem examination revealed extensive and severe cloudy area in the meninges, and pleural pneumonia. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from systemic organs.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among small mammals in Tatarstan, Russian Federation.

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a wide host range that includes humans, domestic animals and wild animals. Small mammals serve as intermediate hosts for T. gondii and may contribute to the persistence of this parasite in the environment.