Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentrations correlate with prognosis of traumatic brain injury.

Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine. Serum MIF concentrations are associated with the severity and prognosis of ischemic stroke.

Methods: In this prospective, observational study, white blood cell (WBC) count and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and MIF among 108 severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and 108 controls were measured.

The change of plasma galectin-3 concentrations after traumatic brain injury.

Background: Galectin-3 plays a significant role in microglia activation. Its increased circulating concentration has been associated with some inflammatory diseases. In-hospital major adverse events (IMAEs), including acute traumatic coagulopathy, progressive hemorrhagic injury and posttraumatic cerebral infarction, have high prevalence and are strong predictors of mortality after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).

The prognostic value of plasma thrombospondin-1 concentrations after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Thrombospondin-1 is a homotrimeric glycoprotein with well known functions in hemostasis and angiogenesis. Its expression was increased after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. We determined whether increased plasma thrombospondin-1 concentrations are predictive of clinical outcomes of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).