MiR-128 inhibits the osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis by down-regulating SIRT6 expression.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation and chondrification The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential mechanism of miR-128 in osteoporosis (OP).: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of miR-128 in femoral neck trabecular bones of OP patients (=40) and non-OP patients (=40). C2C12 cells were transfected with miR-128 mimic or inhibitor to determine the effect of miR-128 on osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells.

Incidence and Risk of Fatal Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2-Targeted Agents: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway have dramatically improved the outlook of cancer treatment. Meanwhile, it is well-known that they are associated with increases in the risk of fatal adverse events (FAEs). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-targeted drugs have been approved for the treatment of several malignancies.

Bisphosphonates and primary breast cancer risk: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis involving 963,995 women.

Importance: Prevention of primary breast cancer (BCa) in women is of great public health importance. The existing results from observational epidemiologic studies focused on the association between bisphosphonates and primary BCa risk have been inconsistent.

Objective: To update this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of bisphosphonates on primary BCa risk.

Thyroid hormone postconditioning protects hearts from ischemia/reperfusion through reinforcing mitophagy.

Triiodothyronine (T), the biologically active form of thyroid hormone, was reported to protect myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury when given before sustained ischemia, but its cardioprotective effects when given at the onset of reperfusion (postconditioning), a protocol with more clinical impact is unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine whether T postconditioning (THPostC) is able to protect the heart from reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms. Isolated Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were subjected to 30 min ischemia/45 min reperfusion, triiodothyronine was delivered at the first 5 min of reperfusion.

Preliminary results of computer-aided diagnosis for magnetic resonance imaging of solid breast lesions.

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine suitable optimal classifiers and investigate the general applicability of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) to compare magnetic resonance (MR)-CAD with MR imaging (MRI) in distinguishing benign from malignant solid breast masses.

Methods: We analyzed a total of 251 patients (mean age: 44.8 ± 12.

NCAPG2 overexpression promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis through activating the STAT3 and NF-κB/miR-188-3p pathways.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly fatal malignant cancer worldwide. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism of HCC progression is critical for the identification of new therapeutic targets for HCC. This study aimed to determine the role of Non-SMC condensin II complex subunit G2 (NCAPG2) in HCC proliferation and metastasis.

Protective effects of hydrogen inhalation during the warm ischemia phase against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat donors after cardiac death.

Background: Successful amelioration of long-term warm ischemia lung injury in donors after cardiac death (DCDs) can remarkably improve outcomes. Hydrogen gas provides potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study observed the effects of hydrogen inhalation on lung grafts during the warm ischemia phase in cardiac death donors.

Application of next-generation sequencing technology to precision medicine in cancer: joint consensus of the Tumor Biomarker Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is capable of sequencing millions or billions of DNA molecules simultaneously. Therefore, it represents a promising tool for the analysis of molecular targets for the initial diagnosis of disease, monitoring of disease progression, and identifying the mechanism of drug resistance. On behalf of the Tumor Biomarker Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) and the China Actionable Genome Consortium (CAGC), the present expert group hereby proposes advisory guidelines on clinical applications of NGS technology for the analysis of cancer driver genes for precision cancer therapy.

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome in Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most serious malignant tumors, which has the fastest growing morbidity and mortality worldwide. A role of the lung microbiota in LC pathogenesis has been analyzed, but a comparable role of the gut microbiota has not yet been investigated. In this study, the gut microbiota of 30 LC patients and 30 healthy controls were examined via next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA and analyzed for diversity and biomarkers.

LncRNA SNHG1 contributes to sorafenib resistance by activating the Akt pathway and is positively regulated by miR-21 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Background: Acquired resistance to sorafenib greatly limits its therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the resistance to anti-cancer drugs. The present study aims to explore the involvement of lncRNA SNHG1 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 1) in sorafenib resistance and how SNHG1 is associated with overexpressed microRNA-21 (miR-21) and the activated Akt pathway, which have been demonstrated to mediate this resistance in HCC cells.

Multiple exposure to environmental factors and variations in CYP27B1 and the microRNA-binding site of IL-13 are associated with breast cancer risk.

Purpose: Several molecular epidemiology studies have evidenced an association of environmental factors and genetic polymorphisms with breast cancer (BC) risk. However, most have considered the functions of a single element rather than combined effects.

Methods: This case-control study of 693 newly-diagnosed BC cases and 714 cancer-free controls evaluated the effect of multiple exposures to environmental factors and polymorphisms in CYP27B1 and IL-13 on BC risk.

Risk of fatal adverse events in cancer patients treated with sunitinib.

Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is widely used in several malignancies. However, the association between sunitinib administration and fatal adverse events (FAEs) is not completely clear. Here, to calculate the overall incidence and relative risks (RRs) of FAE induced by sunitinib, PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to September 2017 for phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

An immunosuppressive peptide from the horsefly inhibits inflammation by repressing macrophage maturation and phagocytosis.

Ectoparasites repress host immune responses while they obtain nutrition from their hosts. Understanding the immunosuppressive mechanisms between ectoparasites and their hosts will provide new strategies to develop potential immunosuppressive drugs against immune disorder diseases. Previously, we have discovered that a small peptide, immunoregulin HA, from the horsefly (Hybomitra atriperoides) may play an immunosuppressive role in rat splenocytes.

Eribulin mesilate versus vinorelbine in women with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: A randomised clinical trial.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eribulin monotherapy, relative to vinorelbine, in Chinese women with locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Methods: This phase III open-label, randomised, parallel-group, multicentre clinical trial enrolled patients with locally recurrent or MBC who had had 2-5 prior chemotherapy regimens, including an anthracycline and taxane) from September 26, 2013, to May 19, 2015. Women were randomised 1:1 to receive eribulin (1.

LncRNA DANCR contributes to tumor progression via targetting miR-216a-5p in breast cancer: lncRNA DANCR contributes to tumor progression.

Breast cancer, the most frequently occurring malignant tumor, has high mortality rate, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). LncRNA-differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (lncRNA DANCR) has been found that its aberrant expression was associated with tumor progression and it was promising to be a potential target for cancer therapy. The goal of the present study was to explore the biological effects and underlying mechanism of DANCR in breast cancer.

miR-215 suppresses papillary thyroid cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion through the AKT/GSK-3β/Snail signaling by targeting ARFGEF1.

The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been rapidly increasing in recent years. PTC is prone to lymph node metastasization, which further increases the recurrence rate and mortality of thyroid cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of this process remain elusive.

Correction: Incidence and risk of hematologic toxicities in cancer patients treated with regorafenib.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21217.

Correction: Incidence and risk of regorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21106.

Switching to anastrozole plus goserelin vs continued tamoxifen for adjuvant therapy of premenopausal early-stage breast cancer: preliminary results from a randomized trial.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy, safety, and quality-of-life impact of switching adjuvant treatment in hormone receptor-positive primary breast cancer patients who are still premenopausal after 2-3 years of tamoxifen therapy to anastrozole plus goserelin as compared with continuing tamoxifen over a total period of 5 years.

Patients And Methods: Hormone receptor-positive, premenopausal, lymph node-positive, or tumor size ≥4 cm breast cancer patients who had received tamoxifen for 2-3 years were randomly assigned to continue tamoxifen treatment (TAM group) or switch to adjuvant anastrozole plus goserelin (ADD group) and continue treatment for another 2-3 years (total treatment duration 5 years). Endpoints evaluated were adverse events (AEs), changes in bone mineral density, quality of life, and disease-free survival-related events.

Correction to: Serious adverse events and fatal adverse events associated with nivolumab treatment in cancer patients.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in their listed affiliations.

A spatial ecological study of selenoprotein P and Keshan disease.

Few spatial ecological studies on selenoprotein P (SePP) and Keshan disease (KD) have been reported. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationships of SePP with KD, economic indicators and soil selenium and to visualize the evidence for KD precise prevention and control. An ecological study design was employed.

CircRNA circRNA_102171 promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression through modulating CTNNBIP1-dependent activation of β-catenin pathway.

Background: As a type of recently discovered noncoding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert pivot biological functions in diverse cancers. However, the role of circRNA_102171 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been investigated. Our study was focused on the functional investigation toward circRNA_102171 in PTC progression.

Serious adverse events and fatal adverse events associated with nivolumab treatment in cancer patients : Nivolumab-related serious/fatal adverse events.

Background: Nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, has revolutionized the treatment of many cancers. Due to its novel mechanisms of action, nivolumab induces a distinct profile of adverse events. Currently, the incidence and risk of developing serious adverse events (SAEs) or fatal adverse events (FAEs) following nivolumab administration are unclear.

Dual effects of human neutrophil peptides in a mouse model of pneumonia and ventilator-induced lung injury.

Background: Pneumonia is a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in critically illness, and frequently requires support with mechanical ventilation. The latter can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury characterized by neutrophil infiltration. The cationic human neutrophil peptides (HNP) stored in neutrophils can kill microorganisms, but excessive amount of HNP released during phagocytosis may contribute to inflammatory responses and worsen lung injury.