Carboxylated Graphene: An Innovative Approach to Enhanced IgA-SARS-CoV-2 Electrochemical Biosensing.

Biosensors harness biological materials as receptors linked to transducers, enabling the capture and transformation of primary biorecognition signals into measurable outputs. This study presents a novel carboxylation method for synthesizing carboxylated graphene (CG) under acidic conditions, enhancing biosensing capabilities. The characterization of the CG was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Two-layered immune escape in AML is overcome by Fcγ receptor activation and inhibition of PGE2 signaling in NK cells.

Loss of anticancer NK cell function in AML patients is associated with fatal disease progression and remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that AML-blasts isolated from patients rapidly inhibit NK cell function and escape NK cell-mediated killing. Transcriptome analysis of NK cells exposed to AML-blasts revealed increased CREM expression and transcriptional activity, indicating enhanced cAMP signalling, confirmed by uniform production of the cAMP-inducing prostanoid PGE2 by all AML-blast isolates from patients.

PET/CT-based target volume definition in involved-site radiotherapy for treatment of early-stage nodal follicular lymphoma.

Purpose: Recent advancements in imaging, particularly 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), have improved the detection of involved lymph nodes, thus influencing staging accuracy and potentially treatment outcomes. This study is a post hoc analysis of the GAZAI trial data to evaluate the impact of FDG-PET/CT versus computed tomography (CT) alone on radiation target volumes for involved-site radiotherapy (IS-RT) in early-stage follicular lymphoma (FL).

Methods: All patients in the GAZAI trial underwent pretherapeutic FDG-PET/CT examinations, which were subject to central quality control.

Rye secalin isolates to develop reference materials for gluten detection.

Gluten-free products must not contain more than 20 mg/kg of gluten to be safe for consumption by celiac disease patients. Almost all analytical methods are calibrated to wheat, wheat gluten or gliadin, and there is no rye-specific reference material available. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the harvest year on rye gluten composition and to generate distinct rye isolates to serve as calibration standards.

Superior Anti-Tumor Response After Microbeam and Minibeam Radiation Therapy in a Lung Cancer Mouse Model.

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the tumor growth delay between conventional radiotherapy (CRT) and the spatially fractionated modalities of microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) and minibeam radiation therapy (MBRT). In addition, we also determined the influence of beam width and the peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR) on tumor regrowth.

Methods: A549, a human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line, was implanted subcutaneously into the hind leg of female CD1 mice.

Characterization of Odor-Active 2-Ethyldimethyl-1,3,6-trioxocane Isomers in Polyurethane Materials.

Polyurethane materials, widely used in indoor environments, occasionally exhibit unpleasant odors. An important source of polyurethane odorants is polyether polyols. Previous studies identified odorous 2-ethyldimethyl-1,3,6-trioxocanes in polyurethane materials and polyols but did not investigate the odor activity of the individual isomers.

Perioperative outcomes in an age-adapted analysis of the German StuDoQ|Pancreas registry for PDAC.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) typically occurs in an older patient population. Yet, early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) has one of the fastest growing incidence rates. This study investigated the influence of age and tumor location on postoperative morbidity and mortality in a large, real-world dataset.

Corrigendum: TUM4Health, a holistic student health promotion program. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors in university students.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.

Injection artifacts in odorant analysis by gas chromatography.

Odor-active compounds are major quality parameters in food and other consumer products. In the analysis of odorants, gas chromatography (GC) plays a dominant role and is particularly indispensable for odorant screening by GC-olfactometry (GC-O). Whereas artifact formation during workup before GC analysis has been widely discussed, artifact formation during GC injection has not been adequately addressed so far.

Contribution of mozambioside roasting products to coffee's bitter taste.

Roasting degrades the coffee compound mozambioside (1) into several products, including 17-O-β-D-glucosyl-11-hydroxycafestol-2-one (2), 11-O-β-D-glucosyl-16-desoxycafestol-2-one (3), 11-O-β-D-glucosyl-(S)-16-desoxy-17-oxocafestol-2-one (4), 11-O-β-D-glucosyl-15,16-dehydrocafestol-2-one (5), 11-O-β-D-glucosyl-(R)-16-desoxy-17-oxocafestol-2-one (6), bengalensol (7), and 11-hydroxycafestol-2-one (8). A UHPLC-MS/MS method was established to quantify 1-8 and monitor their formation during authentic coffee roasting. Concentrations of 1 and the dominant roasting products 4, 5, and 7 ranged from 21.

European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 2: Treatment - Update 2024.

A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on cutaneous melanoma diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Cutaneous melanomas are excised with one to two-centimeter safety margins. For a correct stage classification and treatment decision, a sentinel lymph node biopsy shall be offered in patients with tumor thickness ≥ 1.

European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: Diagnostics - Update 2024.

This guideline was developed in close collaboration with multidisciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma were developed on the basis of systematic literature research and consensus conferences. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most dangerous form of skin tumor and accounts for 90 % of skin cancer mortality.

TUM4Health, a holistic student health promotion program. Screening of cardiovascular risk factors in university students.

Cardio Vascular risk prevention in Germany has a gap between the ages of 20 and 30 years. We established a program for risk group identification in students and analyzed the screenings according to the ACCF/AHA Stages and NYHA functional classification. In a cross-sectional design, 596 participants completed a sports medical and motor performance check-up.

Neutralizing GDF-15 can overcome anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 resistance in solid tumours.

Cancer immunotherapies with antibodies blocking immune checkpoint molecules are clinically active across multiple cancer entities and have markedly improved cancer treatment. Yet, response rates are still limited, and tumour progression commonly occurs. Soluble and cell-bound factors in the tumour microenvironment negatively affect cancer immunity.

Enforced CARD11/MALT1 signaling in dendritic cells triggers hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening syndrome fueled by uncontrolled mononuclear phagocyte activity, yet the innate immune mechanisms driving HLH pathogenesis remain elusive. Germline gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in CARD11, a pivotal regulator of lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling, cause the lymphoproliferative disease B-cell expansion with NF-κB and T-cell anergy, which is frequently associated with HLH development. Given that CARD11 is physiologically expressed not only in lymphocytes but also in dendritic cells (DCs), we explored whether enforced CARD11 signaling in DCs contributes to immunopathology.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Related Disorders: Diagnostic Challenges and the Need for an Interdisciplinary Patient Care in Germany.

Introduction: Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) represent a group of heritable connective tissue disorders characterized by skin hyperelasticity, joint hypermobility and generalized tissue fragility. Many patients remain undiagnosed years after initial symptoms and an accurate diagnosis is difficult despite all efforts. Currently, Germany lacks a patient registry and a specialized EDS centre.

Improved survival of advanced melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with concomitant antithrombotic therapy - A multicenter study on 2419 patients from the prospective skin cancer registry ADOReg.

Background: Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment, but the high number of non-responders still emphasizes the need for improvement of therapy. One potential avenue for enhancing anti-tumor treatment is through the modulation of coagulation and platelet activity. Both have been found to play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, tumor growth and metastasis.

Design of an intelligent wearable device for real-time cattle health monitoring.

In the realm of precision cattle health monitoring, this paper introduces the development and evaluation of a novel wearable continuous health monitoring device designed for cattle. The device integrates a sustainable solar-powered module, real-time signal acquisition and processing, and a storage module within an animal ergonomically designed curved casing for non-invasive cattle health monitoring. The curvature of the casing is tailored to better fit the contours of the cattle's neck, significantly enhancing signal accuracy, particularly in temperature signal acquisition.

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Long-Term Outcomes of Adjuvant Therapy in the ESPAC4 Phase III Trial.

Purpose: The ESPAC4 trial showed that adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus capecitabine (GemCap) produced longer overall survival (OS) than gemcitabine monotherapy. Subsequently, the PRODIGE24-CCTG PA.6 trial showed even longer survival for modified fluorouracil, folinic acid, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFIRINOX) than gemcitabine but had more restrictive eligibility criteria.

Design of optimal concentrations for in vitro cytotoxicity experiments.

Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity experiments are frequently used in toxicology. Although it has been reported that an adequate choice of concentrations improves the quality of the statistical inference substantially, a recent literature review of three major toxicological journals has shown that the corresponding methods are rarely used in toxicological practice. In this study the performance of different sets of concentrations, also called designs, are analyzed, while the overall goal is to promote the advantages of optimal design procedures and to present a user-friendly guideline for planning new cytotoxicity concentration-response experiments.

Identification and transfer to stepped care of depressed and psychosocially stressed parents during peri- and postpartum-UPlusE: study protocol for cluster randomized trial of a screening intervention.

Background: Perinatal depression affects 10-15% of mothers and approximately 5% of fathers. However, only a small number of affected individuals seek treatment. If left unrecognized and untreated, it can have negative long-term consequences for the family's health, leading to subsequent high costs.

Cannabidiol (CBD) Protects Lung Endothelial Cells from Irradiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo.

Radiotherapy, which is commonly used for the local control of thoracic cancers, also induces chronic inflammatory responses in the microvasculature of surrounding normal tissues such as the lung and heart that contribute to fatal radiation-induced lung diseases (RILDs) such as pneumonitis and fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) to attenuate the irradiation damage to the vasculature. We investigated the ability of CBD to protect a murine endothelial cell (EC) line (H5V) and primary lung ECs isolated from C57BL/6 mice from irradiation-induced damage in vitro and lung ECs (luECs) in vivo, by measuring the induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis (in vitro), and induction of inflammatory and pro-angiogenic markers (in vivo).