Development of a staging system for hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach based on multicenter data: A retrospective cohort study: A Staging System for Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach.

Background: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is a rare subtype of gastric cancer (GC) with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the current pathological staging system for HAS does not distinguish it from that for common gastric cancer (CGC).

Methods: The clinicopathological data of 251 patients with primary HAS who underwent radical surgery at 14 centers in China from April 2004 to December 2019 and 5082 patients with primary CGC who underwent radical surgery at 2 centers during the same period were retrospectively analyzed.

A systematic framework for understanding the microbiome in human health and disease: from basic principles to clinical translation.

The human microbiome is a complex and dynamic system that plays important roles in human health and disease. However, there remain limitations and theoretical gaps in our current understanding of the intricate relationship between microbes and humans. In this narrative review, we integrate the knowledge and insights from various fields, including anatomy, physiology, immunology, histology, genetics, and evolution, to propose a systematic framework.

Targeting PRMT3 impairs methylation and oligomerization of HSP60 to boost anti-tumor immunity by activating cGAS/STING signaling.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but resistance to ICB occurs and patient responses vary. Here, we uncover protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) as a driver for immunotherapy resistance in HCC. We show that PRMT3 expression is induced by ICB-activated T cells via an interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-STAT1 signaling pathway, and higher PRMT3 expression levels correlate with reduced numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells and poorer response to ICB.

Technically feasible solutions to challenges in preimplantation genetic testing for thalassemia: experiences of multiple centers between 2019 and 2022.

Purpose: In clinical practice, the success of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M) for thalassemia was hindered by the absence of probands, incomplete family members, or failure in detecting embryonic gene mutation sites. This study aimed to address these issues.

Methods: This retrospective study included 342 couples undergoing PGT-M for α- or β-thalassemia at three reproductive medicine centers from 2019 to 2022.

Clinical significance of positive resection margin for patients with rectal neuroendocrine tumors within 20 mm following initial endoscopic resection: A multi-center study.

Background: The incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (RNETs) has witnessed a significant surge, with a notable proportion being amenable to endoscopic removal. However, the clinical significance of positive resection margin for RNETs patients following endoscopic resection remain unknown, resulting in a lack of consensus regarding the appropriateness of implementing salvage treatment.

Methods: In this large, multicenter, retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the medical records of individuals who underwent endoscopic resection for RNETs and classified them into two groups: the positive resection margin and the negative resection margin group.

Postoperative urinary retention following transanal versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: A randomized trial report from an experienced center.

Background: Transanal total mesorectal excision has emerged as a potential solution to certain limitations associated with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients. Differences in surgical approaches have raised questions regarding their impact on the risk of postoperative urinary retention, with limited data available from large scale randomized clinical study.

Objective: To report incidence of postoperative urinary retention and evaluate the associated risk factors for transanal total mesorectal excision.

An international observational study assessing conservative management in hemorrhoidal disease: results of CHORALIS (aCute HemORrhoidal disease evALuation International Study).

Real-world evidence on the management of hemorrhoidal disease (HD) is limited. This international study collected clinical practice data on the effectiveness of conservative treatments for acute HD on symptoms and quality of life (QoL), providing perspectives of treatment modalities from different continents. The 4-week observational prospective CHORALIS study involved adult outpatients consulting for spontaneous complaints of hemorrhoids (graded using Goligher classification) and prescribed conservative treatments according to usual clinical practice.

Developing a Machine-Learning Prediction Model for Infliximab Response in Crohn's Disease: Integrating Clinical Characteristics and Longitudinal Laboratory Trends.

Background: Achieving long-term clinical remission in Crohn's disease (CD) with antitumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNF-α) agents remains challenging.

Aims: This study aims to establish a prediction model based on patients' clinical characteristics using a machine-learning approach to predict the long-term efficacy of infliximab (IFX).

Methods: Three cohorts comprising 746 patients with CD were included from 3 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) centers between June 2013 and January 2022.

A F-FDG PET/CT based radiomics nomogram for predicting disease-free survival in stage II/III colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a clinical nomogram model based on a radiomics signatures derived from F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) and clinical parameters to predict disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage II/III colorectal adenocarcinoma. Understanding and predicting DFS in these patients is key to optimizing treatment strategies.

Methods: A retrospective analysis included 332 cases from July 2011 to July 2021 at The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, with PET/CT assessing radiomics features and clinicopathological features.

A rare case report of mucinous adenocarcinoma exacerbated by long-standing solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.

Background: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a rare chronic rectal lesion with potential for malignant transformation, although cases of rapid progression to mucinous adenocarcinoma are infrequent. This case report highlights such an instance in a 29-year-old male patient, emphasizing the importance of vigilance among clinicians for detecting canceration in SRUS patients.

Case Description: The patient presented with recurrent constipation and anal discomfort, initially diagnosed with SRUS based on colonoscopy and pathological examination.

Evolutionary Trend Analysis of Research on Immunotherapy for Brain Metastasis Based on Machine-Learning Scientometrics.

Brain metastases challenge cancer treatments with poor prognoses, despite ongoing advancements. Immunotherapy effectively alleviates advanced cancer, exhibiting immense potential to revolutionize brain metastasis management. To identify research priorities that optimize immunotherapies for brain metastases, 2164 related publications were analyzed.

Incidence, clinical classification and risk factors of cyclosporin A-induced liver injury in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Aims: There is limited real-world data on cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced liver injury (CILI). This study aims to investigate the incidence, clinical classification and risk factors of CILI, thereby providing evidence to inform the treatment of CILI.

Methods: Inpatients receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and treated with CsA were included.

[Study on the application value of fecal gene methylation detection in colorectal cancer screening of urban residents in Zengcheng District in Guangzhou City].

To investigate the application value of fecal Syndecan-2 (SDC2) gene methylated (m) detection in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among urban residents in Guangzhou City. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shitan Town, Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City from July to December 2022. A community-based screening program for CRC was conducted among residents aged 40-74 years old.

From bench to bedside: Advancing towards therapeutic treatment of vestibular schwannomas.

Vestibular schwannomas are rare intracranial tumors originating from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve. Despite their benign nature, these tumors can exert significant mass effects and debilitating symptoms, including gradual hearing loss, vertigo, facial nerve dysfunction, and headaches. Current clinical management options encompass wait-and-scan, surgery, radiation therapy, and off-label medication.

SETD8 inhibits apoptosis and ferroptosis of Ewing's sarcoma through YBX1/RAC3 axis.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) represents a rare yet exceedingly aggressive neoplasm that poses a significant health risk to the pediatric and adolescent population. The clinical outcomes for individuals with relapsed or refractory ES are notably adverse, primarily attributed to the constrained therapeutic alternatives available. Despite significant advancements in the field, molecular pathology-driven therapeutic strategies have yet to achieve a definitive reduction in the mortality rates associated with ES.

A novel small RNA PhaS contributes to polymyxin B-heteroresistance in carbapenem-resistant .

In recent years, polymyxin has been used as a last-resort therapy for carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections. The emergence of heteroresistance (HR) to polymyxin hampers the efficacy of polymyxin treatment by amplifying resistant subpopulation. However, the mechanisms behind polymyxin HR remain unclear.

[Regional differences of chronic rhinosinusitis endotypes based on tissue inflammatory and remodeling biomarkers].

To analyze the characteristics of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the South China region based on pathological tissue biomarkers for regional comparison. The study population consisted of CRS in-patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2019 to June 2022. Among all the 181 cases, 123 of them were male and 58 were female, with an average age of 40.

Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-specific antisense oligonucleotides reduce infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Background: The Spike protein mutation severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to decreased protective effect of various vaccines and mAbs, suggesting that blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting host factors would make the therapy more resilient against virus mutations. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as many other coronaviruses. Downregulation of ACE2 expression in the respiratory tract may prevent viral infection.

[Report on the application of endoscopic intermuscular dissection for diagnostic resection of early rectal cancer].

This report presents the initial outcomes of endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID), a novel technique introduced by our team for the diagnostic resection of early rectal cancer, focusing on the postoperative status of the vertical margins. On January 26, 2024, a patient with early rectal cancer (cT1-2N0M0) underwent Endoscopic Intermuscular Dissection. The EID procedure consists of six steps: (1) mucosal incision; (2) submucosal dissection; (3) superficial muscular layer incision; (4) intermuscular dissection; (5) complete tumor removal; (6) wound management.

Nicotinamide metabolism face-off between macrophages and fibroblasts manipulates the microenvironment in gastric cancer.

Immune checkpoint blockade has led to breakthroughs in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, the prominent heterogeneity in gastric cancer, notably the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, highlights the idea that the antitumor response is a reflection of multifactorial interactions. Through transcriptomic analysis and dynamic plasma sample analysis, we identified a metabolic "face-off" mechanism within the tumor microenvironment, as shown by the dual prognostic significance of nicotinamide metabolism.

The role of ferroptosis in DM-induced liver injury.

The liver damage caused by Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Liver injury in DM can be caused by ferroptosis, a form of cell death caused by iron overload. However, the role of iron transporters in this context is still not clear.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic vesicles ameliorate impaired ovarian folliculogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian aging by targeting WNT signaling.

It has been emergingly recognized that apoptosis generates plenty of heterogeneous apoptotic vesicles (apoVs), which play a pivotal role in the maintenance of organ and tissue homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether apoVs influence postnatal ovarian folliculogenesis. Apoptotic pathway deficient mice including Fas mutant ( ) and Fas ligand mutant ( ) mice were used with apoV replenishment to evaluate the biological function of apoVs during ovarian folliculogenesis.

Deep learning for colorectal cancer detection in contrast-enhanced CT without bowel preparation: a retrospective, multicentre study.

Background: Contrast-enhanced CT scans provide a means to detect unsuspected colorectal cancer. However, colorectal cancers in contrast-enhanced CT without bowel preparation may elude detection by radiologists. We aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) model for accurate detection of colorectal cancer, and evaluate whether it could improve the detection performance of radiologists.

Deciphering tertiary lymphoid structure heterogeneity reveals prognostic signature and therapeutic potentials for colorectal cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) exert a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), impacting tumor development, immune escape, and drug resistance. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of TLSs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their impact on prognosis and treatment response remain unclear.

Methods: The authors collected genome, transcriptome, clinicopathological information, and digital pathology images from multiple sources.