Changes of immunocytic phenotypes and functions from human colorectal adenomatous stage to cancerous stage: Update.

It is believed that chronic inflammation as seen in patients with ulcerative colitis significantly increases the colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and functions as the main driving force for the development of colitis associated CRC. Recently, increasing evidences suggest that inflammation is also involved in the processing of sporadic CRCs that mostly develop from the preformed adenomas through a long-term progression. Within the adenoma/CRC tumor microenvironment, high dense immunocytes with significant phenotypic and functional changes have been observed.

Infliximab preferentially induces clinical remission and mucosal healing in short course Crohn's disease with luminal lesions through balancing abnormal immune response in gut mucosa.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of infliximab (IFX) in treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) patients. 106 CD patients were undergoing treatment with IFX from five hospitals in Shanghai, China. Clinical remission to IFX induction therapy was defined as Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) < 150.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 endues monocytes with immune suppressive ability to inhibit inflammation in the intestine.

The pathogenesis of some chronic inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease is unclear. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) has active immune regulatory capability. This study aims to investigate into the mechanism by which IGF1 modulates the monocyte (Mo) properties to inhibit immune inflammation in the intestine.

Prolactin mediates psychological stress-induced dysfunction of regulatory T cells to facilitate intestinal inflammation.

Objective: The dysfunction of immune regulation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as IBD. A close relationship between psychological stress and intestinal inflammation has been noted; the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate a pathological pathway between psychological stress and the dysfunction of regulatory T cells (Treg), and its effect on facilitating intestinal inflammation.

Mammalian adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) regulates cofilin function, the actin cytoskeleton, and cell adhesion.

CAP (adenylyl cyclase-associated protein) was first identified in yeast as a protein that regulates both the actin cytoskeleton and the Ras/cAMP pathway. Although the role in Ras signaling does not extend beyond yeast, evidence supports that CAP regulates the actin cytoskeleton in all eukaryotes including mammals. In vitro actin polymerization assays show that both mammalian and yeast CAP homologues facilitate cofilin-driven actin filament turnover.

The role of interleukin-17A in colorectal tumorigenesis.

It has been well documented that interleukin (IL)-17A mainly produced by the newly identified T cell subtype Th17 cells is an important proinflammatory cytokine that plays a vital pathogenic role in the process of human inflammatory bowel diseases. Recently, new information concerning the biological activities of IL-17A relating to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) has also been reported. The present mini-review focuses on recent observations concerning the role of IL-17A in the development of CRCs, and it discusses the clinical significance of IL-17A as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target.

Decision support for tendon tissue engineering.

The aim of this study is to provide decision support with artificial intelligence for tendon tissue engineering strategies. The experimental data of tissue-engineered tendons were integrated and standardized with a centralized database, and a decision support system was developed using both artificial neural networks and decision trees. The decision support system was trained with existing cases in the database, and then was used to generate tissue engineering schemes for new experimental animals.

Applying informatics in tissue engineering.

Objective: To facilitate tissue engineering strategies determination with informatics tools.

Methods: Firstly, tissue engineering experimental data were standardized and integrated into a centralized database; secondly, we used data mining tools (e.g.

Tissue engineering scheming by artificial intelligence.

Tissue engineers are often confused when seeking the most effective, economical and secure scheme for tissue engineering. The aim of this study is to generate tissue engineering schemes with artificial intelligence instead of human intelligence. The experimental data of tissue engineered cartilage were integrated and standardized with a centralized database, and a scheme engine was developed using artificial intelligent methods (artificial neural networks and decision trees).