Pathogenicity Detection and Genome Analysis of Two Different Geographic Strains of BmNPV.

The pathogenicity of different concentrations of nuclear polyhedrosis virus- Zhenjiang strain (BmNPV ZJ) and Yunnan strain (BmNPV YN) was assessed in Baiyu larvae. The structures of the two viral strains were observed by negative-staining electron microscopy, and their proliferation was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The genomic sequences of these two viruses were obtained to investigate the differences in their pathogenicity.

Phytoremediation potential of forage mulberry ( Roxb.) for cadmium contaminated paddy soils.

Mulberry is an important material to utilize the Cd polluted farmland in China and planting forage mulberry is a new development direction. This study aimed to investigate the changes of annual biomass and Cd content in shoot of Guisangyou 62, Guisangyou 12 and Yuesang 11 in field XT-C1, XT-X1 and ZZ-M1 under the pressure of Cd in 3 years. The Cd extraction ability of forage mulberry was analyzed, and the safety of forage mulberry was also discussed.

Two dehydroecdysone reductases act as fat body-specific 20E catalyzers in Bombyx mori.

Periodic post-embryonic changes in insects, including growth, development and metamorphosis, are strictly controlled by many compounds, including steroid hormones. The biosynthesis and clearance of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), the major active form of the insect steroid hormone ecdysone, result in titer fluctuations that help control insect development. The inactivation of 20E in the silkworm Bombyx mori is highly tissue-specific, with CYP18A1 and ecdysone oxidase controlling 20E inactivation specifically in the mid-silk gland and midgut, respectively.

Semaphorin-1a-like gene plays an important role in the embryonic development of silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Fuyin-lethal red egg (Fuyin-lre) is a red egg mutant discovered from the germplasm resource Fuyin of Bombyx mori. The embryo of Fuyin-lre stops developing at the late stage of gastrulation due to chromosome structural variation. In this work, precise mutation sites at both ends of the mutated region were determined, and two inserted sequences with lengths of 1232 bp and 1845 bp were obtained at both ends of the mutation region.

Accumulation of Cd by three forage mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) cultivars in heavy metal-polluted farmland: a field experiment.

A 3-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the accumulation ability of 3 forage mulberry (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) varieties (Guisangyou 62, Guisangyou 12, Yuesang 11) for Cadmium (Cd). The results showed that the shoot biomass of forage mulberry could reach to 64.

Metabolic Characterisation of the Midgut of Varieties after BmNPV Infection Using GC-MS-Based Metabolite Profiling.

nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a silkworm disease that is especially harmful to cocoon production and seriously restricts sericultural development. Our laboratory successfully cultivated a new highly BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety, ; however, its mechanism of BmNPV resistance remains unclear. To understand its resistance mechanism, we conducted a metabolomic and transcriptomic study of the midgut of silkworm varieties, Baiyu N and Baiyu after BmNPV infection.

Isolation and identification of two Serratia marcescens strains from silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Bacterial septicemia commonly occurs and usually cause huge losses in sericulture industry. Here, two pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from dead silkworm and named as ZJ-1 and ZJ-2. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis results revealed that both of these two strains are closely related to Serratia marcescens (S.

A transcriptome atlas of silkworm silk glands revealed by PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing.

The silk gland of the silkworm Bombyx mori is a specialized organ where silk proteins are efficiently synthesized under precise regulation that largely determines the properties of silk fibers. To understand the genes involved in the regulation of silk protein synthesis, considerable research has focused on the transcripts expressed in silk glands; however, the complete transcriptome profile of this organ has yet to be elucidated. Here, we report a full-length silk gland transcriptome obtained by PacBio single-molecule long-read sequencing technology.

Correction: Wang, Y.T., et al. Selenium Nanoparticle Synthesized by YC801: An Efficacious Pathway for Selenite Biotransformation and Detoxification. 2018, , 3809.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Correction: Wang, Y.T., et al. Selenite Reduction and the Biogenesis of Selenium Nanoparticles by Se03 Isolated from the Gut of (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). 2018, , 2799.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

In vivo toxicity evaluation of boron nitride nanosheets in Bombyx mori silkworm model.

Boron nitride nanosheets (BN NSs), a novel material with a structure similar to graphene, have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary properties. A deep in vivo study of the toxicity of BN NSs is indispensable, which can help to understand their potential risk and provide useful information for their safe application. However, so far as we know, the systematic in vivo toxicity evaluation of BN NSs hasn't been reported.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Based Midgut Metabolomics Reveals the Metabolic Perturbations under NaF Stress in .

Fluoride tolerance is an important economic trait in sericulture, especially in some industrial development regions. Analyses of physiological changes involving structural damage to the insect body and molecular analyses of some related genes have focused on this area; however, the changes that occur at the metabolic level of silkworms after eating fluoride-contaminated mulberry leaves remain unclear. Here, metabonomic analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the changes in midgut tissue after NaF stress using silkworm strains 733xin (susceptible stain) and T6 (strain resistant to fluoride), which were previously reported by our laboratory.

A construction strategy for a baculovirus-silkworm multigene expression system and its application for coexpression of type I and type II interferons.

The Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) baculovirus expression system (BES) is a eukaryotic expression system. It possesses great capability for post-translation modification in expression of foreign proteins. With the counterselection cassette rpsL-neo and phage λ-Red recombinase, the defective-rescue BmNPV BES reBmBac can be employed for efficient heterologous multigene coexpression at different gene sites in one baculovirus genome.

The mobility of cadmium and lead in the soil-mulberry-silkworm system.

Evaluation of the transportation of heavy metals in food chain has received a great deal of attention. In this study, the mobility of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil-mulberry-silkworm system was assessed. The results showed that bioconcentration factors for Cd and Pb were lower than 1 for all the three mulberry cultivars.

Application of economic plant for remediation of cadmium contaminated soils: Three mulberry (Moms alba L.) varieties cultivated in two polluted fields.

In order to study the role of mulberry (Moms alba L) as an economic crop for remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil, the transport of Cd from mulberry to silkworm were investigated. Three varieties of mulberry (Yuesang-11, Nongsang-14, and Qiangsang-1) with three planting densities were cultivated in two heavy metal-contaminated fields named Dongkou in Shaoyang city and Linxiang in Yueyang city in Hunan province respectively. The both field soils were contaminated by heavy metals, especially by Cd.

BmSd gene regulates the silkworm wing size by affecting the Hippo pathway.

Insect wings are developed from the wing disc during metamorphosis. Bombyx mori, a model lepidopteran insect, loses flight ability after long-term domestication from the wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina. The mw mutant (u11 strain) shows minute wings compared to wild type (e.

Quantitative real-time PCR with high-throughput automatable DNA preparation for molecular screening of Nosema spp. in Antheraea pernyi.

Accurate diagnosis of pathogenic Nosema spp. in Antheraea pernyi samples is considered especially useful for reducing economic losses in sericulture and improving food safety by maintaining pathogen-free pupae. However, microscopy and immunologic methods have poor diagnostic sensitivity, while the more sensitive PCR methods remain costly and time-consuming for template preparation.

Transcriptome-wide analysis of the difference of alternative splicing in susceptible and resistant silkworm strains after BmNPV infection.

Novel alternative splicing events were identified from BmNPV-susceptible and -resistant silkworm strains after BmNPV infection using high-throughput RNA-sequencing strategy. In total, 12.82 Gb clean RNA-seq data were generated for the two midgut samples from BmNPV-susceptible and -resistant silkworm strains, and 14.

Spatzle4 gene of silkworm, : identification, immune response, and the effect of RNA interference on the antimicrobial peptides' expression in the integument.

Insects, including silkworms, can protect themselves from exotic invasions by innate immune responses. In the immune response of Drosophila, the activation of Toll receptors is strictly dependent on the product of Spatzle. In this study, we cloned the 1567 bp BmSpz4 cDNA which contained a complete 1386 bp open reading frame, encoding 461 amino acids, out of which the forgoing 19 residues were signal peptide.

Selenium Nanoparticle Synthesized by YC801: An Efficacious Pathway for Selenite Biotransformation and Detoxification.

Selenite is extremely biotoxic, and as a result of this, exploitation of microorganisms able to reduce selenite to non-toxic elemental selenium (Se⁰) has attracted great interest. In this study, a bacterial strain exhibiting extreme tolerance to selenite (up to 100 mM) was isolated from the gut of adult and identified as YC801. This strain demonstrated efficient transformation of selenite into red selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) by reducing nearly 100% of 1.

BmNPV-miR-415 up-regulates the expression of via Bmo-miR-5738.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in host-pathogen interaction and many virus-encoded miRNAs have been identified (computationally and/or experimentally) in a variety of organisms. A novel nucleopolyhedrosis virus (BmNPV)-encoded miRNA miR-415 was previously identified through high-throughput sequencing. In this study, a BmNPV-miR-415 expression vector was constructed and transfected into BmN cells.

Selenite Reduction and the Biogenesis of Selenium Nanoparticles by Se03 Isolated from the Gut of (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

In this study, a bacterial strain exhibiting high selenite (Na₂SeO₃) tolerance and reduction capacity was isolated from the gut of larvae and identified as Se03. The isolate exhibited extreme tolerance to selenite (up to 120 mM) when grown aerobically. In the liquid culture medium, it was capable of reducing nearly 100% of 1.

Three-Dimensionally Printed Silk-Sericin-Based Hydrogel Scaffold: A Promising Visualized Dressing Material for Real-Time Monitoring of Wounds.

A wound dressing which can be convenient for real-time monitoring of wounds is particularly attractive and user-friendly. In this study, a nature-originated silk-sericin-based (SS-based) transparent hydrogel scaffold was prepared and evaluated for the visualization of wound care. The scaffold was fabricated from a hybrid interpenetrating-network (IPN) hydrogel composed of SS and methacrylic-anhydride-modified gelatin (GelMA) by 3D printing.

Biological Degradation of Aflatoxin B₁ by Cell-Free Extracts of Bacillus velezensis DY3108 with Broad PH Stability and Excellent Thermostability.

(1) Background: Aflatoxin contamination in food and grain poses serious problems both for economic development and public health protection, thus leading to a focus on an effective approach to control it; (2) Methods: Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) degrading bacteria were isolated using a medium containing coumarin as the sole carbon source, and the biodegradation of AFB₁ by the isolate was examined by high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; (3) Results: a bacterial strain exhibiting strong AFB degradation activity (91.5%) was isolated and identified as DY3108. The AFB₁ degrading activity was predominantly attributed to the cell-free supernatant of strain DY3108.

Subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Morus alba L.

Morus alba L. (mulberry) is a perennial woody tree and a species with great potential for Cd phyremediation owing to its large biomass and extensive root system. The mechanisms involved in Cd detoxification were investigated by analyzing the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in mulberry in the present study.