Magnetic Janus SiO nanoparticles immobilized protease mutant T70I as a novel clarification agent for juice processing.

The juice processing industry offers several benefits, including promoting health and wellness through the delivery of beverages rich in nutrients. Nonetheless, the industry encounters significant challenges regarding new technologies for processing and preservation given that they can be costly and labor-intensive. In this study, magnetic Janus silica (SiO) nanoparticle which offers multifunctionality and high stability was synthesized and subsequently immobilized with a protease mutant T70I (T70I@MSNs) to serve as a clarifying agent in juice.

Transgenic overexpression of UDP glycosyltransferase gene UGT41A3 induces resistance to nucleopolyhedrovirus in Bombyx mori.

Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis, caused by B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), threatens sericulture seriously. To explore strategies for controlling it, the UDP glycosyltransferase gene UGT41A3 (BmUGT41A3) was targeted.

Effects of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Extracts of Mulberry Leaves on Oxidative Stress and the Function of the Intestinal Tract in Broilers Induced by HO.

The poultry industry struggles with oxidative stress affecting gut health and productivity. This study examined using 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) extracts from mulberry leaves as an antioxidant in broilers feed to combat this issue. We divided 240 broilers, aged 16 days, into six groups, including a control and groups exposed to oxidative stress through HO injections, with different supplement levels of DNJ-E (40, 80, 120, and 160 mg/kg of the basal diet) lasting until the broilers reached 42 days old.

Supplementation of Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates the Effects of HO-Induced Oxidative Stress on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, Hepatic Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Lipid Accumulation in Laying Hens.

This research examined the impact of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on laying performance, antioxidant capacity, egg quality, hepatic inflammation, mitochondrial function, and lipid metabolism in hens subjected to hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced oxidative stress (OS). Three hundred sixty healthy 43-wk-old Hy-Line brown hens were randomly assigned to six treatments: a basal diet + 0 (control and HO), 600 (600 mg/kg CGA and 600 mg/kg CGA + HO), and 800 (800 mg/kg CGA and 800 mg/kg CGA + HO) mg/kg CGA for 84 d. On the 64th and 78th days of the trial, hens in groups HO, 600 mg/kg CGA + HO, and 800 mg/kg CGA + HO were injected intraperitoneally with 10% HO.

Responses of Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Morphology, Barrier Function, Immunity, and Microbial Diversity to Chlorogenic Acid in Late-Peak Laying Hens.

This study examined the influence of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on gut antioxidant status, morphology, barrier function, immunity, and cecal microbiota in late-peak laying hens. A total of 240 Hy-Line Brown hens, aged 43 weeks, were randomly assigned to four groups, the basal diet +0, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg CGA, for 12 weeks. The results revealed that CGA significantly reduced ileal HO and malondialdehyde levels; increased duodenal height, ileal villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio; while decreasing jejunal crypt depth.

Branched-chain amino acids alleviate NAFLD via inhibiting de novo lipogenesis and activating fatty acid β-oxidation in laying hens.

The adverse metabolic impacts of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been elucidated are mediated by isoleucine and valine. Dietary restriction of isoleucine promotes metabolic health and increases lifespan. However, a high protein diet enriched in BCAA is presently the most useful therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.

Translocator protein (TSPO) inhibits proliferation in silkworm, .

Pebrine disease, caused by () infection in silkworms, is a severe and long-standing disease that threatens sericulture. As parasitic pathogens, a complex relationship exists between microsporidia and their hosts at the mitochondrial level. Previous studies have found that the translocator protein (TSPO) is involved in various biological functions, such as membrane potential regulation, mitochondrial autophagy, immune responses, calcium ion channel regulation, and cell apoptosis.

The Mechanism of the Development and Maintenance of Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Mulberry Plant ().

Intersexual differentiation is crucial for the speciation and maintenance of dioecious plants, but the underlying mechanisms, including the genes involved, are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on a typical dioicous plant , to explore the molecular footprints relevant to sex evolution by revealing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two sexes and the testing signals of selection for these DEGs. From the results, we found a total of 1543 DEGs.

Binding characteristics and structural dynamics of two general odorant-binding proteins with plant volatiles in the olfactory recognition of Glyphodes pyloalis.

Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the most destructive pest, causing severe damage to mulberry production in China's sericulture industry. The insecticide application in mulberry orchards poses a significant risk of poisoning to Bombyx mori. Shifting from insecticides to odor attractants is a beneficial alternative, but not much data is available on the olfactory system of G.

Linc20486 promotes BmCPV replication through inhibiting the transcription of AGO2 and Dicers.

The silkworm holds pivotal economic importance, serving not only as a primary source of silk but also as a prominent model organism in scientific research. Nonetheless, silkworm farming remains vulnerable to diverse factors, with viral infections posing the gravest threat to the sericulture industry. Among these, the Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV), a member of the Reoviridae family and the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus genus, emerges as a significant pathogen in silkworm production.

Multi-omics reveals the ecological and biological functions of Enterococcus mundtii in the intestine of lepidopteran insects.

Insect guts offer unique habitats for microbial colonization, with gut bacteria potentially offering numerous benefits to their hosts. Although Enterococcus has emerged as one of the predominant gut commensal bacteria in insects, its establishment in various niches within the gut has not been characterized well. In this study, Enterococcus mundtii was inoculated into the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.

Elemental Profiling of Common Anti-diabetic Medicinal Plants of Swat and Peshawar Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province of Pakistan: An Investigation Using PIXE and ICP-OES.

The use of medicinal plants is integral to addressing liver, heart, lung, and other metabolic issues. These plants are rich in vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which collectively help in lowering intestinal glucose absorption and increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic tissues. Elemental analysis, encompassing major, minor, and trace elements, was performed on various parts (leaves, roots, and seeds) of 16 anti-diabetic medicinal plants collected from different regions of Swat and Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan.

Metabolomics and physio-chemical analyses of mulberry plants leaves response to manganese deficiency and toxicity reveal key metabolites and their pathways in manganese tolerance.

Introduction: Manganese (Mn) plays a pivotal role in plant growth and development. Aside aiding in plant growth and development, Mn as heavy metal (HM) can be toxic in soil when applied in excess. is an economically significant plant, capable of adapting to a range of environmental conditions and possessing the potential for phytoremediation of contaminated soil by HMs.

ABHD5 regulates midgut-specific lipid homeostasis in Bombyx mori.

Lipids are an important energy source and are utilized as substrates for various physiological processes in insects. Comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58), also known as α/β hydrolase domain-containing 5 (ABHD5), is a highly conserved and multifunctional gene involved in regulating lipid metabolism and cellular energy balance in many organisms. However, the biological functions of ABHD5 in insects are poorly understood.

UFL1 regulates cellular homeostasis by targeting endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in NEFA-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells via the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway.

Elevated levels of NEFA caused by negative energy balance in transition cows induce cellular dyshomeostasis. Ubiquitin-like modifier 1 ligating enzyme 1 (UFL1) can maintain cellular homeostasis and act as a critical regulator of stress responses besides functioning in the ubiquitin-like system. The objective of this study was to elucidate the UFL1 working mechanism on promoting cellular adaptations in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) in response to NEFA challenge, with an emphasis on the ER and mitochondrial function.

Comparative Physio-Biochemical and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Contrasting Responses to Magnesium Imbalances in Leaves of Mulberry ( L.) Plants.

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a major factor limiting the growth and development of plants. Mulberry ( L.) is an important fruit tree crop that requires Mg for optimal growth and yield, especially in acid soils.

First report on prevalence, molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Toxoplasma gondii infecting sheep of the Malakand Division of Pakistan.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that infects one-third of the population of the world, including humans, animals, birds, and other vertebrates. The present investigation is the first molecular attempt in the Malakand Division of Pakistan to determine the epidemiology and phylogenetic study of Toxoplasma gondii infecting small ruminants.

Methodology: A total of (N = 450) blood samples of sheep were randomly collected during the study period (December 2020 to November 2021), and DNA detection was done using PCR by amplifying ITS-1 genes.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase () Gene Family: Expression Pattern during Magnesium Stress Treatment in the Mulberry Plant ( L.) Leaves.

Mulberry ( L.), a significant fruit tree crop, requires magnesium (Mg) for its optimal growth and productivity. Nonetheless, our understanding of the molecular basis underlying magnesium stress tolerance in mulberry plants remains unexplored.

The Bombyx mori G protein β subunit 1 (BmGNβ1) gene inhibits BmNPV infection.

G protein β subunit 1 (GNβ1) has several functions, including cell growth regulation, the control of second messenger levels, and ion channel switching. Previous transcriptome analyses in our laboratory have shown that BmGNβ1 transcription is reduced following infection with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), but it is unknown what role this gene may have in the host response to BmNPV infection. In this study, the BmGNβ1 gene was cloned using the RACE method.

Fast identification of the BmNPV infected silkworms by portable NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics.

A convenient, low-cost, and rapid detection of BmNPV-infected silkworms is of great significance for the safety of the sericulture industry. In this study, a portable NIR system was used to collect the spectra of normal silkworms and the infected silkworms induced by the administration of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV). Different spectral pretreatment methods were applied, then principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) were used for the classification analysis.

Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Three Root Exudates from Mulberry Seedlings against .

Bacterial wilt is a significant soil-borne disease that poses a threat to mulberry production yield and quality of agricultural production worldwide. However, the disease resistance mechanisms dependent on root exudates are not well understood. In this present study, we investigated the antibacterial mechanisms of the main active substances (erucamide, oleamide, and camphor bromide) present in mulberry root exudates (MRE) against (), the causal agent of bacterial wilt.

Lipid homeostasis is essential for oogenesis and embryogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Reproduction, a fundamental feature of all known life, closely correlates with energy homeostasis. The control of synthesizing and mobilizing lipids are dynamic and well-organized processes to distribute lipid resources across tissues or generations. However, how lipid homeostasis is precisely coordinated during insect reproductive development is poorly understood.

Knockdown of ANGPTL4 inhibits adipogenesis of preadipocyte via autophagy.

It has been demonstrated that angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) plays an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism and backfat deposition appears to vary in different pig breeds. However, the correlation between ANGPTL4 and backfat deposition have not been well characterized and the role of ANGPTL4 in regulating adipogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate correlation between ANGPTL4 and backfat deposition and to explore the effects of ANGPTL4 on preadipocyte differentiation and the underlying mechanism.

Silkworm pupae protein co-degradation by magnetic nanoparticles immobilized proteinase K and Mucor circinelloides aspartic protease for further utilization of sericulture by-products.

Silkworm pupae, by-product of sericulture industry, is massively discarded. The degradation rate of silkworm pupae protein is critical to further employment, which reduces the impact of waste on the environment. Herein, magnetic Janus mesoporous silica nanoparticles immobilized proteinase K mutant T206M and Mucor circinelloides aspartic protease were employed in the co-degradation.