Identification of metabolic biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension using targeted metabolomics and bioinformatics analysis.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening disease with a poor prognosis, and metabolic abnormalities play a critical role in its development. This study used metabolomics, machine learning algorithms and bioinformatics to screen for potential metabolic biomarkers associated with the diagnosis of PAH. In this study, plasma samples were collected from 17 patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and 20 healthy controls.

A size-switchable microsphere loaded with salmon calcitonin as two-weekly dosing for osteoporosis therapy.

Osteoporosis is a disease with an increased incidence of fractures due to decreased bone mass and destruction of the microstructure of bone tissue. Salmon calcitonin (sCT), as a peptide, possesses the ability to inhibit osteoclast activity and thus regulate bone metabolism in clinical. However, short half-life and unstable physicochemical properties leading to rapid degradation of sCT have severely limited its clinical application.

Long-term efficacy and safety of stapokibart for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: 52-week results from a phase 3 trial.

Background: Management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) needs long-term therapy. Stapokibart is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor α subunit (IL-4Rα), a shared receptor for IL-4 and IL-13 which are key pathogenic drivers of AD. In a pivotal phase 3 trial (NCT05265923), significant higher proportions of adult AD patients receiving stapokibart than placebo achieved ≥75% improvement from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75; 66.

Omiganan-Based Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides for the Healthcare of Infectious Endophthalmitis.

Bacterial endophthalmitis is a severe infection of the aqueous or vitreous humor of the eye that can lead to permanent vision loss. Due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance and dose-limiting toxicities, the standard treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis via the intravitreal injection of broad-spectrum antibiotics remains inadequate. Membrane active cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising class of effective and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents with potential to overcome antibiotic resistance.

Nanozyme-enhanced injectable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

The progression of osteoarthritis (OA) is dramatically accelerated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes and the inflammatory response of synovial macrophages. In this study, we developed an injectable hydrogel with a catalase-mimicking nanozyme activity as a therapeutic agent for OA. In vitro experiments confirmed that the HA and peroxide-mimetic nanoenzyme-enhanced hydrogel, containing ε-polylysine/MnCoO (ε-PLE/MnCoO) nanoparticles, continuously eliminated ROS and inflammatory cytokines while promoting the polarization of inflammatory macrophages (M1 phenotype) towards anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2 phenotype) in dysfunctional microenvironments.

Appropriate sagittal positioning of femoral components in total knee arthroplasty to prevent fracture and loosening.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the optimal sagittal positioning of the uncemented femoral component in total knee arthroplasty to minimize the risk of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic fracture.

Methods: Ten different sagittal placements of the femoral component, ranging from -5 mm (causing anterior notch) to +4 mm (causing anterior gap), were analyzed using finite element analysis. Both gait and squat loading conditions were simulated, and Von Mises stress and interface micromotion were evaluated to assess fracture and loosening risk.

Beneficial effect of sequential treatment with high-dose steroids and short-course oral glucocorticoids in patients with severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia.

Accumulating evidence supports that glucocorticoid treatment for viral pneumonia (VPA) can shorten the disease course and improve survival. However, currently, the use of glucocorticoids in treating VPA remains controversial. Moreover, a unified standard for the dosage and duration of glucocorticoid therapy has not been presented in published articles.

Cardamonin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating macrophage NRF2 signaling through molecular interaction with KEAP1.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) contributes to a large proportion of heart failure incidents in the diabetic population, but effective therapeutic approaches are rare. Cardamonin (CAD), a flavonoid found in , possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Here we report a profound protective effect of CAD on DCM in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet, in which gavage with CAD improved hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance and mitigated diabetic cardiac injuries including cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, apoptotic cell death and infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially M1 polarized macrophages.

Prognostic model for gastric cancer patients with COVID-19 and network pharmacology study on treatment by lentinan.

Patients with gastric cancer (GC) are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which further worsens their already challenging prognosis. However, there are no effective treatment options for these patients. Lentinan is a potent bioactive component with antiviral and antitumor effects.

Rapid detection of drugs in blood using "molecular hook" surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and artificial intelligence technology for clinical applications.

Accurate detection of cardiovascular drugs in blood is complicated by interference from serum biomolecules. This study introduces a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform incorporating "molecular hooks" to capture small drug molecules while excluding larger biomolecules selectively. The self-assembled nanoparticles with the A13 molecule enhance Raman signals by creating dense electromagnetic "hotspot" regions, achieving detection limits of 10 pg/mL for dobutamine hydrochloride and 10 ng/mL for milrinone-substantially below therapeutic thresholds.

Assessment of autostereoscopic perception using artificial intelligence-enhanced face tracking technology.

Purpose: Stereopsis, the ability of humans to perceive depth through distinct visual stimuli in each eye, is foundational to autostereoscopic technology in computing. However, ensuring stable head position during assessments has been challenging. This study evaluated the utility of artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced face tracking technology in overcoming this challenge by ensuring that each eye consistently receives its intended image.

Molecular significance of circRNAs in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders: pathogenesis and novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Recent studies have shown that circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have the novel functions and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases. CircRNAs have been found to be associated with the occurrence and development of lymphoproliferative diseases, impacting on lymphocyte proliferation. This article provides a review of the pathogenesis of circRNAs in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, focusing on conditions such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and lymphoma.

Potential Application of Egg White Peptides for Antioxidant Properties: Perspectives from Batch Stability and Network Pharmacology.

This study investigated the batch stability of egg white peptides (EWPs) during the enzymatic hydrolysis process, and confirmed the potential application of four crucial four peptides inoxidative damage repair. The results revealed that different batches of EWPs had good stability relating to antioxidant activity. With a similar sequence to confirmed antioxidant peptides, four EWPs (QMDDFE, WDDDPTD, DEPDPL, and FKDEDTQ) were identified withhigh repetition rates, and their potential to repair oxidative damage was investigated.

Neuregulin-1 reduces Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by upregulating YAP to inhibit senescence.

The cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin (Dox) limits its clinical application, creating an urgent need to investigate its underlying mechanism and develop effective therapies. Senescence plays an important role in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Recently, Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) was found to regulate Yes-associated protein (YAP), which was reported to inhibit senescence, suggesting that NRG1 might be used to treat DIC by inhibiting senescence through YAP regulation.

Development of a COVID-19 early risk assessment system based on multiple machine learning algorithms and routine blood tests: a real-world study.

Backgrounds: During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the massive spread of the disease has placed an enormous burden on the world's healthcare and economy. The early risk assessment system based on a variety of machine learning (ML) algorithms may be able to provide more accurate advice on the classification of COVID-19 patients, offering predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) solutions in the future.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we divided a portion of the data into training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio and established a model based on a combination of two ML algorithms first.

Buddlejasaponin IVb Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis through the Nrf2/GPX4 Pathway and Gut Microbiota Modulation.

Buddlejasaponin IVb (BJP-IVb), a triterpenoid saponin derived from , is abundant in bioactive constituents. However, its potential therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanism of action against ulcerative colitis (UC) remain elusive. Studies performed using a mouse model of colitis caused by dextran sulfate sodium showed that BJP-IVb helped reduce symptoms of UC, such as weight loss, a higher disease activity index, shorter colon length, and colon damage.