Loneliness, social isolation and incident chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes.

Background: Individuals with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and higher levels of social isolation and loneliness compared with those without diabetes. Recently, the American Heart Association highlighted the importance of considering social determinants of health (SDOH) in conjunction with traditional risk factors in patients with diabetes.

Aims: To investigate the associations of loneliness and social isolation with incident CKD risk in patients with diabetes in the UK Biobank.

Associations between Life's Essential 8 and depression among US adults.

Few studies have examined the association of Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with depression among US adults. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2020. LE8 score was measured as the mean score of eight metrics (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipid, blood glucose, and blood pressure).

Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in central nervous system diseases.

The central nervous system (CNS) is the most delicate system in human body, with the most complex structure and function. It is vulnerable to trauma, infection, neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases, and activates the immune system. An appropriate inflammatory response contributes to defence against invading microbes, whereas an excessive inflammatory response can aggravate tissue damage.

TREM2 deficiency aggravates renal injury by promoting macrophage apoptosis and polarization via the JAK-STAT pathway in mice.

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an immune receptor that affects cellular phenotypes by modulating phagocytosis and metabolism, promoting cell survival, and counteracting inflammation. Its role in renal injury, in particular, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced renal injury remains unclear. In our study, WT and Trem2 mice were employed to evaluate the role of TREM2 in renal macrophage infiltration and tissue injury after UUO.

Kriging-based surrogate data-enriching artificial neural network prediction of strength and permeability of permeable cement-stabilized base.

Limited test data hinder the accurate prediction of mechanical strength and permeability of permeable cement-stabilized base materials (PCBM). Here we show a kriging-based surrogate model assisted artificial neural network (KS-ANN) framework that integrates laboratory testing, mathematical modeling, and machine learning. A statistical distribution model was established from limited test data to enrich the dataset through the combination of markov chain monte carlo simulation and kriging-based surrogate modeling.

A Histopathologic Correlation Study Evaluating Glymphatic Function in Brain Tumors by Multiparametric MRI.

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the impact of brain tumors on cerebral edema and glymphatic drainage by leveraging advanced MRI techniques to explore the relationships among tumor characteristics, glymphatic function, and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression levels.

Experimental Design: In a prospective cohort from March 2022 to April 2023, patients with glioblastoma, brain metastases, and aggressive meningiomas, alongside age- and sex-matched healthy controls, underwent 3.0T MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index and multiparametric MRI for quantitative brain mapping.

Effects of long-term antipsychotic medication on brain instability in first-episode schizophrenia patients: a resting-state fMRI study.

Early initiation of antipsychotic treatment plays a crucial role in the management of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, significantly improving their prognosis. However, limited attention has been given to the long-term effects of antipsychotic drug therapy on FES patients. In this research, we examined the changes in abnormal brain regions among FES patients undergoing long-term treatment using a dynamic perspective.

The relationship between unpredictability in childhood and depression among college students: the mediating roles of coping style and resilience.

Background: According to previous studies, unpredictability in childhood could significantly increase the risk of depression in adulthood. Only a few studies have explored the relationship between these two variables in China. This paper aims to explore the relationship between unpredictability in childhood and depression and examine the mediating roles of coping styles and resilience.

Mechanisms of Hook F on treating rheumatoid arthritis explored by network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and disabling disease that imposes significant economic and social costs. Hook F (TwHF) has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for treating joint disorders, and it has been shown to be cost-effective in treating RA, but its exact mechanism is unknown.

Objective: The goal of the network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking was to investigate the potential active compounds and associated anti-RA mechanisms of TwHF.

SIRT5-Mediated Desuccinylation of RAB7A Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology by Restoring Autophagic Flux.

Cadmium (Cd) is a neurotoxic contaminant that induces cognitive decline similar to that observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autophagic flux dysfunction is attributed to the pathogenesis of AD, and this study aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy on environmental Cd-induced AD progression and the underlying mechanism. Here, Cd exposure inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion and impaired lysosomal function, leading to defects in autophagic clearance and then to APP accumulation and nerve cell death.

Shared genetic aetiology of respiratory diseases: a genome-wide multitraits association analysis.

Objective: This study aims to explore the common genetic basis between respiratory diseases and to identify shared molecular and biological mechanisms.

Methods: This genome-wide pleiotropic association study uses multiple statistical methods to systematically analyse the shared genetic basis between five respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and snoring) using the largest publicly available genome wide association studies summary statistics. The missions of this study are to evaluate global and local genetic correlations, to identify pleiotropic loci, to elucidate biological pathways at the multiomics level and to explore causal relationships between respiratory diseases.

Adding salt to foods and risk of psoriasis: A prospective cohort study.

Background: High salt intake may play a critical role in the etiology of psoriasis. Yet, evidence on the association of high salt intake with risk of psoriasis is limited.

Objective: To estimate the association between frequency of adding salt to foods and risk of psoriasis.

FAM19A5 in vascular aging and osteoporosis: Mechanisms and the "calcification paradox".

Aging induces a progressive decline in the vasculature's structure and function. Vascular aging is a determinant factor for vascular ailments in the elderly. FAM19A5, a recently identified adipokine, has demonstrated involvement in multiple vascular aging-related pathologies, including atherosclerosis, cardio-cerebral vascular diseases and cognitive deficits.

Multifactorial risk prediction analysis of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer: incorporating programmed cell death ligand 1 combined positive score and other factors.

Background: The occurrence of liver metastasis significantly affects the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Existing research indicates that primary tumor location, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and abnormal preoperative tumor markers are risk factors for CRC liver metastasis. Positive expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) may serve as a favorable prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal and gastric cancers, in which combined positive score (CPS) quantifies the level of PD-L1 expression.

Retinal organoids with X-linked retinoschisis RS1 (E72K) mutation exhibit a photoreceptor developmental delay and are rescued by gene augmentation therapy.

Background: X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is an inherited disease caused by RS1 gene mutation, which leads to retinal splitting and visual impairment. The mechanism of RS1-associated retinal degeneration is not fully understood. Besides, animal models of XLRS have limitations in the study of XLRS.

HRD1-mediated ubiquitination of HDAC2 regulates PPARα-mediated autophagy and alleviates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.

Background: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism; however, the mechanism underlying the reduced autophagic activity in MAFLD remains elusive.

Methods: Autophagy was monitored by TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence staining of LC3.