Optimal fasting duration for mice as assessed by metabolic status.

In the study of obesity and diabetes, mice are widely used for experimental research, and fasting is a common procedure used to reset metabolism in mouse models. The fasting duration for experimental mice varies greatly in nutritional and metabolic studies, ranging from 2 to 48 h. This study aims to assess the optimal fasting duration for mice fed low- and high-fat diets over a short period of time.

Macroautophagy/autophagy promotes resistance to KRAS-targeted therapy through glutathione synthesis.

KRAS mutation-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a major challenge in medicine due to late diagnosis and treatment resistance. Here, we report that macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a cellular degradation and recycling process, contributes to acquired resistance against novel KRAS-targeted therapy. The KRAS protein inhibitor MRTX1133 induces autophagy in KRAS-mutated PDAC cells by blocking MTOR activity, and increased autophagic flux prevents apoptosis.

Fenton-like nanoparticles capable of HO self-supply and glutathione consumption for chemodynamic and chemotherapy of cancer.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) utilizing the Fenton reaction to convert hydrogen peroxide (HO) into cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) has recently drawn extensive interest in tumor treatment. However, the therapeutic efficiency of CDT often suffers from high concentrations of glutathione (GSH), insufficient endogenous HO and inefficient Fenton activity. Herein, a GSH-depleting and HO self-providing nanosystem that can efficiently load copper ions and doxorubicin (DOX) (MSN-Cu-DOX) to induce enhanced CDT and chemotherapy is proposed.

Disrupted brain functional asymmetry at rest in patients with major depressive disorder associated with sleep disturbances.

Sleep disturbances (SD) are common in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Brain functional asymmetry is crucial for understanding MDD pathophysiology. Previous studies using the parameter of asymmetry (PAS) approach have found brain functional asymmetry disruption in MDD.

Subtyping drug-free first-episode major depressive disorder based on cortical surface area alterations.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is recognized as a complex and heterogeneous metal illness, characterized by diverse clinical symptoms and variable treatment outcomes. Previous studies have repeatedly reported alterations in brain morphology in MDD, but findings vary across sample characteristics. Whether this neurobiological substrate could stratify MDD into more homogeneous clinical subgroups thus improving personalized medicine remains unknown.

Establishment and characterization of a mouse model for studying kidney repair in diabetes.

The prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is markedly worse in patients with diabetes. Diabetes not only exaggerates the severity of AKI but also prevent kidney repair or recovery from AKI. Little is known about the cellular and molecular basis of defective kidney repair in diabetes.

Cyclosporine-induced alopecia:a case report, FDA adverse event reporting system analysis and literature assessment.

Cyclosporine is a potent immunosuppressive drug for various immune-mediated diseases in children. Cyclosporine's expected therapeutic effect also carries a wide range of side effects. One of the most common and intriguing dermatological side effects is hypertrichosis.

Advanced Machine Learning Models for Predicting Post-Thrombolysis Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Thrombolytic therapy is essential for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management but poses a risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), necessitating accurate prediction to optimize patient care. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar, covering studies from inception until July 10, 2024. Studies were included if they used machine learning (ML) or deep learning algorithms to predict HT in AIS patients treated with thrombolysis.

Influencing factors of posttraumatic stress disorder in Shidu parents who have lost their only child: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: In China, parents who have lost their only child are referred to as Shidu parents (SDPs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and investigate the influence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the development of PTSD.

Method: Four hundred and thirty-six SDPs completed assessments of PTSD (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, SCID-IV; The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-IV, CAPS-IV), depression (Hamilton depression scale), and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale) via in-person interviews.

Sarcopenia as a predictor of nutritional status and comorbidities: a cross-sectional and mendelian randomization study.

Background: With the advancement of world population aging, age-related sarcopenia (SP) imposes enormous clinical burden on hospital. Clinical research of SP in non-geriatric wards has not been appreciated, necessitating further investigation. However, observational studies are susceptible to confounders.

The association between expressive suppression and anxiety in Chinese left-behind children in middle school: serial mediation roles of psychological resilience and self-esteem.

Background: Left-behind children (LBC) have become a special population to be concerned due to the negative consequences of parental absence during their physical and psychological development in China. Expressive suppression (ES) is a response-focused emotion regulation and may be frequently used by LBC to suppress their emotions resulting in different forms of internalizing problems. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of ES as an emotion regulation strategy on anxiety in Chinese left-behind children in middle school (LBC-MS) by considering the mediating role(s) of psychological resilience and self-esteem.

Prognosis and risk factor assessment of patients with advanced lung cancer with low socioeconomic status: model development and validation.

Background: Lung cancer, a major global health concern, disproportionately impacts low socioeconomic status (SES) patients, who face suboptimal care and reduced survival. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of traditional Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) regression and machine learning models, specifically Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), in patients with advanced lung cancer with low SES.

Design: A retrospective study.

Identification of proliferative hepatocellular carcinoma using the SMARS score and implications for microwave ablation.

Objective: To compare therapeutic outcomes of predicted proliferative and nonproliferative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after microwave ablation (MWA) using a previously developed imaging-based predictive model, the SMARS score.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included consecutive 635 patients with unresectable HCC who underwent MWA between August 2013 and September 2020. Patients were stratified into predicted proliferative and nonproliferative phenotypes according to the SMARS score.

Exploring the longitudinal impacts of academic stress and lifestyle factors among Chinese students.

Background: Several cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations have demonstrated a robust association between academic stress, physical activity, mental health history, and time management skills. However, the existing literature exhibits inconsistencies in the relationship between academic stress and its predictive effects on physical activity and mental health history. In addition, there is a scarcity of scholarly research that concentrates on the significance of time management skills within this particular context.

Role and mechanisms of mast cells in brain disorders.

Mast cells serve as crucial effector cells within the innate immune system and are predominantly localized in the skin, airways, gastrointestinal tract, urinary and reproductive tracts, as well as in the brain. Under physiological conditions, brain-resident mast cells secrete a diverse array of neuro-regulatory mediators to actively participate in neuroprotection. Meanwhile, as the primary source of molecules causing brain inflammation, mast cells also function as the "first responders" in brain injury.

Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in premature ovarian failure: an up-to-date meta-analysis of animal studies.

Background: There has been a significant surge in animal studies of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) therapy for the treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) but its efficacy remains unknown and a comprehensive and up-to-date meta-analysis is lacking. Before clinical translation, it is crucial to thoroughly understand the overall impact of stem cell-derived EVs on POF.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science were searched up to February 18, 2024.

Connectome-based prediction modeling of cognitive control using functional and structural connectivity.

Background: Cognitive control involves flexibly configuring mental resources and adjusting behavior to achieve goal-directed actions. It is associated with the coordinated activity of brain networks, although it remains unclear how both structural and functional brain networks can predict cognitive control. Connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) is a powerful tool for predicting cognitive control based on brain networks.

The impact of mold exposure on anxiety symptoms in the older adults: A moderated mediation model based on CLHLS.

Background: Mold exposure is a common environmental issue that can adversely affect health, particularly among older adults. The impact of mold exposure on anxiety symptoms in this population has not been extensively studied.

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between mold exposure and anxiety symptoms in older adults, considering the mediating role of cognitive function and the moderating effects of open window ventilation and multivitamin supplementation.

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate valproate-induced immune stress and social deficiency in rats.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interactions and stereotypic behaviors. Current clinical care is palliative at the most and there remains huge unmet medical need to fully address the core symptoms of ASD. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are emerging as a promising candidate for ASD treatment, but the precise mechanism remains controversial.