Exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery for autoimmune diseases: Opportunities and challenges.

Exosomes are spherical lipid bilayer vesicles composed of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids that deliver signaling molecules through a vesicular transport system to regulate the function and morphology of target cells, thereby involving in a variety of biological processes, such as cell apoptosis or proliferation, and cytokine production. In the past decades, there are emerging evidence that exosomes play pivotal roles in the pathological mechanisms of several autoimmune diseases (ADs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). systemic sclerosis (SSc), etc.

IVABRADINE-INDUCED HEART RATE REDUCTION INCREASES THE SEVERITY OF POSTRESUSCITATION MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION IN A RAT MODEL OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION.

Aims: A rapid heart rate (HR) that occurs after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a short-term compensatory mechanism preserving cardiac output. However, if of long duration, it is unfavorable for myocardial function postresuscitation because of disrupted balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. This raises the assumption that such a sustained fast HR should be regulated.

Durability of Antibody Response Against Hepatitis B Virus for a Decreased Crowd: A Retrospective Polycentric Cohort Study from a 10-Year Follow-Up Clinical Study.

Aim: Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) plays an important role in the prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, especially in immunocompromised individuals and in those infected with HBV.HBsAb levels often fluctuate and decrease.This study aimed to determine the regularity of HBsAb persistence among different populations.

[Longitudinal correlation between cell phone use and sleep quality in college students].

To investigate the current situation of cell phone use and sleep quality among college students, establish a sleep quality trajectory model and explore the influence of cell phone use on the sleep quality trajectory. Based on data from the College Student Behavior and Health Cohort Study 2019-2020, a latent class growth modeling was used to establish a sleep quality trajectory model among college students. The baseline influencing factors of sleep quality trajectories among college students were analyzed by χ test, and the effects of cell phone use on sleep quality trajectories were analyzed by binary logistic regression.

Longitudinal Profiling of Plasma Cytokines and Its Association With Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Major Lower Limb Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Surgery is accompanied by a systemic inflammatory response that may presage delirium in susceptible individuals. Little is known about the trajectory of plasma proinflammatory cytokines and their potential associations with postoperative delirium (POD). The current study longitudinally assessed both pro and anti-inflammatory plasma cytokine response and development of POD in older surgical patients to investigate associations with individual and/or clusters of cytokines that may indicate pathogenic mechanisms.

Fully integrated wearable humidity sensor for respiration monitoring.

Respiration monitoring is a promising alternative to medical diagnosis of several diseases. However, current techniques of respiration monitoring often require expensive and cumbersome devices which greatly limit their medical applications. Here, we present a fully integrated wearable device consisting of a flexible LCP-copper interdigital electrode, a sensing layer and a wireless electrochemical analysis system.

Application of three-dimensional printing technology in renal diseases.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology involves the application of digital models to create 3D objects. It is used in construction and manufacturing and has gradually spread to medical applications, such as implants, drug development, medical devices, prosthetic limbs, and models. The application of 3D printing has great prospects for development in orthopedics, maxillofacial plastic surgery, cardiovascular conditions, liver disease, and other fields.

Factors related to self-rated health of older adults in rural China: A study based on decision tree and logistic regression model.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the related factors of self-rated health (SRH) by using decision tree and logistic regression models among older adults in rural China.

Methods: Convenience sampling was employed with 1,223 enrolled respondents who met the inclusion criteria from 10 randomly selected villages in M County in China. The content of the questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, physical and mental health, sleep status, and risk of falling.

Research progress on the role of cholesterol in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages with no effective treatment options. Mechanistically, it is a complex biological process. Recently, the main cause of its incidence is changing from viral to non-viral.

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of SHR7280, an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist in healthy premenopausal women.

Treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists is a powerful strategy to suppress gonadotropin activity in women with sex hormone-dependent disorders. Herein, we provide the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) profiles of SHR7280, an oral non-peptide GnRH antagonist in healthy premenopausal women. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-ascending, phase 1 trial, healthy premenopausal women were randomized to receive SHR7280 or placebo orally.

A human TRPV1 genetic variant within the channel gating domain regulates pain sensitivity in rodents.

Pain signals are relayed to the brain via a nociceptive system, and in rare cases, this nociceptive system contains genetic variants that can limit the pain response. Here, we questioned whether a human transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) missense variant causes a resistance to noxious stimuli and, further, whether we could target this region with a cell-permeable peptide as a pain therapeutic. Initially using a computational approach, we identified a human K710N TRPV1 missense variant in an otherwise highly conserved region of mammalian TRPV1.

The role of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in the pathogenesis of liver diseases.

Common liver tissue damage is mainly due to the accumulation of toxic aldehydes in lipid peroxidation under oxidative stress. Cumulative toxic aldehydes in the liver can be effectively metabolized by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), thereby alleviating various liver diseases. Notably, gene mutation of ALDH2 leads to impaired ALDH2 enzyme activity, thus aggravating the progress of liver diseases.

Epigenetic control of LncRNA NEAT1 enables cardiac fibroblast pyroptosis and cardiac fibrosis.

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) drive extracellular matrix remodeling after inflammatory injury, leading to cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Recent studies described the role of epigenetics in cardiac fibrosis. Nevertheless, detailed reports on epigenetics regulating CFs pyroptosis and describing their implication in cardiac fibrosis are still unclear.

Using genetic instruments to estimate the causal effect of hormonal reproductive factors on osteoarthritis.

Objectives: Hormonal reproductive factors have been considered to play an important role in the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA). We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine whether a causal effect existed between them.

Methods: MR was performed by using publicly released genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to estimate the causal associations of three relevant exposures, including age at menarche (AAM), age at natural menopause (ANM) and age at first birth (AFB), with the risk of OA.

Titanium dioxide nanotubes increase purinergic receptor P2Y6 expression and activate its downstream PKCα-ERK1/2 pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under osteogenic induction.

Titanium dioxide (TiO) nanotubes can improve the osseointegration of pure titanium implants, but this exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The purinergic receptor P2Y6 is expressed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and participates in the regulation of bone metabolism. However, it is unclear as to whether P2Y6 is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by TiO nanotubes.

The Interaction Between SMAD1 and YAP1 Is Correlated with Increased Resistance of Gastric Cancer Cells to Cisplatin.

Drug resistance is a major obstacle leading to treating failure and poor outcome in gastric cancer (GC). This study explores the interaction between SMAD family member 1 (SMAD1) and Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) and their roles in cisplatin (DDP) resistance in GC. Transcriptome analysis predicted that SMAD1 is highly expressed in DDP-resistant cells.

Targeted inhibition of FcRn reduces NET formation to ameliorate experimental ulcerative colitis by accelerating ANCA clearance.

Dysregulated immune responses have now been recognized as an essential stimulator of ulcerative colitis (UC). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) were reported as the potential factor in sustaining mucosal inflammation in UC. NET formation further induces antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies (ANCA) that serve as a biomarker in determining the severity of UC, which have a long half-life due to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated recycling.

Lifestyle behaviors and mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among college students: a web-based study.

Background: After emerging in China, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread to all parts of the country and became a global public health emergency. The Chinese government immediately took a series of protective and quarantine measures to prevent the spread of the virus, and these measures may have negative effects on behavior and psychological health. This study aimed to examine the associations between factors related to COVID-19 measures and mental health symptoms among Chinese college students in different pandemic areas.

Borderline Brenner tumor with abnormally high serum level of carbohydrate antigen 199: a rare case report and literature review.

Ovarian Brenner tumor with abnormally increased serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level is extremely rare. A 70-year-old woman with abnormally elevated serum CA199 (1289 U/ml) found in routine physical examination. Pelvic CT and MRI scan revealed a large mass with large patches of calcification in the right adnexal area, and the patient achieved total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy.

Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.

Henagliflozin proline and metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets (HR20033) are a fixed-dose combination of the novel, highly selective, and effective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor henagliflozin, with a metformin sustained-release layer for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in conjunction with dietary control and exercise. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet on the pharmacokinetics of henagliflozin and metformin after a single administration of HR20033 and the effect of repeated oral administration of HR20033 on their pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. The food-effect clinical study involved 18 healthy subjects randomized to receive either HR20033 in the fasted condition followed by HR20033 in the fed condition or the reverse schedule, with the two doses separated by a washout period of at least 7 days.

A novel GRK2 inhibitor alleviates experimental arthritis through restraining Th17 cell differentiation.

T helper type 17 (Th17) cell which is induced by interleukine-6 (IL-6)-signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is a central pro-inflammatory T cell subtype in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and could be significantly reduced by paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) treatment with unclear mechanisms. This study was aimed to found out the mechanism of CP-25 in hampering Th17 cells differentiation in arthritic animals thus explore more therapeutic targets for RA. In mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), both circulating and splenic Th17 subsets were expanded with increased STAT3 phosphorylation and decreased Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1)-β-arrestin2 (arrb2)-STAT3 interaction in CD4 helper T (Th) cells.

Denosumab biosimilar (LY06006) in Chinese postmenopausal osteoporotic women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III study.

Objectives: This study assessed the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity profiles of a denosumab biosimilar (LY06006) in Chinese postmenopausal osteoporotic women with a high risk of fracture.

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, 448 postmenopausal women aged 50-85 years with osteoporosis were enrolled at 49 centers in China and were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive 60 ​mg of the denosumab biosimilar (LY06006) or placebo subcutaneously every 6 months for 1 year. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) change was the primary endpoint.

Predicting Hemorrhage Progression in Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Hemorrhage progression in deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) involves not only the growth of parenchymal hematoma but also an increase in intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The search for methods that predict both the increased risk of parenchymal hematoma and IVH growth is warranted.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at multiple centers.

Modulators of ASIC1a and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related diseases.

Age-related diseases have become more common with the advancing age of the worldwide population. Such diseases involve multiple organs, with tissue degeneration and cellular apoptosis. To date, there is a general lack of effective drugs for treatment of most age-related diseases and there is therefore an urgent need to identify novel drug targets for improved treatment.