Real-world implementation of a multilevel interventions program to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV in China.

Reducing hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is a fundamental step toward the HBV elimination goal. The multicentred, multilevel SHIELD program aimed to use an intense intervention package to reduce HBV MTCT in China. This study was conducted in diverse health settings across China, encompassing 30,109 pregnant women from 178 hospitals, part of the interim analysis of stage II of the SHIELD program, and 8,642 pregnant women from 160 community-level health facilities in stage III of the SHIELD program.

Management Algorithm for Prevention of Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (2022).

The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the goal of eliminating hepatitis as a threat to public health by 2030. Blocking mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not only the key to eliminating viral hepatitis, but also a hot issue in the field of hepatitis B prevention and treatment. To standardize the clinical management of preventing MTCT of HBV and achieve zero HBV infection among infants, the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control organized experts to compile a management algorithm for prevention of MTCT of HBV based on the latest research progress and guidelines, including 10 steps of pregnancy management and postpartum follow-up, among which screening, antiviral treatment, and infant immunization are its core components.

Long-term safety of infants from mothers with chronic hepatitis B treated with tenofovir disoproxil in China.

Objective: The physical and neuromental development of infants remains uncertain after fetal exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. We aimed to investigate the safety of TDF therapy during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Design: Infants from a previous randomised controlled trial were recruited for our long-term follow-up (LTFU) study.

A Real-world Prospective Study of Mother-to-child Transmission of HBV in China Using a Mobile Health Application (Shield 01).

The World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region set a target of eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by 2030. To assess the feasibility of this target in China, we carried out an epidemiological study to investigate the status quo of MTCT in the real-world setting. One thousand and eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive pregnant women were enrolled at 10 hospitals.

Management Algorithm for Interrupting Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus.

In areas where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the major route of infection of children. Blocking MTCT of HBV therefore would reduce its prevalence. The China Foundation of Hepatitis Prevention and Control organized a team of specialists in infectious diseases, hepatology, immunology, obstetrics, and public health to develop an algorithm for interrupting MTCT of HBV, based on the most recent hepatitis B guidelines and latest evidence.

Acyl Carrier Protein 3 Is Involved in Oxidative Stress Response in .

The human opportunistic pathogen expresses three acyl carrier proteins (ACPs): AcpP, Acp1, and Acp3. The function of AcpP in membrane fatty acid synthesis (FAS) was confirmed recently, but the physiological roles of Acp1 and Acp3 remain unclear. To address this, we investigated the physiological role of Acp3 in .

Increased influenza-specific antibody avidity in HIV-infected women compared with HIV-infected men on antiretroviral therapy.

Background: It is recommended that HIV-infected individuals receive annual influenza vaccination due to their high susceptibility to influenza infection, especially among women. However, there have been few studies investigating sex-related responses to influenza vaccine in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-infected individuals.

Method: In this study, 26 aviremic ART-treated HIV-infected individuals and 16 healthy controls were enrolled in the current study.

Correction to: Routinely detected indicators in plasma have a predictive effect on the identification of HIV-infected patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial and tuberculous infections.

After publication of this article [1] it came to our attention that the affiliation of Jun Chen and Hong-zhou Lu were incorrectly shown.Jun Chen's affiliation should have been given as Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.Hong-zhou Lu should have been given as Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Routinely detected indicators in plasma have a predictive effect on the identification of HIV-infected patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial and tuberculous infections.

Background: It is difficult to quickly distinguish non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection from tuberculosis (TB) infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients because of many similarities between these diseases. A simple and effective way to determine the differences using routine blood tests is necessary in developing countries.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to recruit HIV-infected patients with either NTM infection or TB infection diagnosed for the first time according to mycobacterial culture and microscopic identification from May 2010 to March 2016.

[Clinical effect and safety of pegylated interferon-α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients].

To investigate the clinical effect and safety of long-acting pegylated interferon-α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 μg/week) in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a as positive control. This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial. Eligible HBeAg-positive CHB patients were screened out and randomized to Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) trial group and Peg-IFN-α-2a control group at a ratio of 2:1.

[Efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C].

To investigate the efficacy and safety of the new investigational drug pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 µg/week) combined with ribavirin in the treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a combined with ribavirin as a positive control. A multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial was performed. Eligible patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were screened out and randomly divided into Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40kD) group and Peg-IFN-α-2a group at a ratio of 2:1.

Increased Natural Killer Cell Activation in HIV-Infected Immunologic Non-Responders Correlates with CD4+ T Cell Recovery after Antiretroviral Therapy and Viral Suppression.

The role of natural killer (NK) cell function in HIV disease especially in the setting of long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression is not fully understood. In the current study, we have investigated NK cell activation in healthy controls and aviremic ART-treated HIV+ subjects with different degrees of immune restoration. We performed a cross sectional study in 12 healthy controls and 24 aviremic ART-treated HIV-infected subjects including 13 HIV+ subjects with CD4+ T cells above 500 cells/μL defined as "immunologic responders" and 11 HIV+ subjects with CD4+ T cells below 350 cells/μL defined as "immunologic non-responders".

Long-term safety and efficacy of telbivudine in infants born to mothers treated during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy.

Telbivudine, an FDA pregnancy category B drug, has been found to reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) perinatal transmission with no safety concerns in infants aged up to 1 year. This study evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of telbivudine in 214 infants born to 210 pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B infection who were treated with telbivudine during pregnancy (weeks 20-32 of gestation). The infants were followed for up to 5 years after birth.

Tenofovir to Prevent Hepatitis B Transmission in Mothers with High Viral Load.

Background: Few data are available regarding the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) during pregnancy for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Methods: In this trial, we included 200 mothers who were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and who had an HBV DNA level higher than 200,000 IU per milliliter. Participants were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive usual care without antiviral therapy or to receive TDF (at an oral dose of 300 mg per day) from 30 to 32 weeks of gestation until postpartum week 4; the participants were followed until postpartum week 28.

HIV-associated memory B cell perturbations.

Memory B-cell depletion, hyperimmunoglobulinemia, and impaired vaccine responses are the hallmark of B cell perturbations inhuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Although B cells are not the targets for HIV infection, there is evidence for B cell, especially memory B cell dysfunction in HIV disease mediated by other cells or HIV itself. This review will focus on HIV-associated phenotypic and functional alterations in memory B cells.

Efficacy and safety of telbivudine treatment: an open-label, prospective study in pregnant women for the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection.

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of telbivudine (LdT, 600 mg/day) vs control patients (no treatment) in decreasing vertical transmission of HBV, in HBeAg-positive mothers (HBVDNA >6log(10) copies/mL). HBeAg-positive pregnant women either in the second or third trimester were recruited in a prospective, case-control, open-label study, at the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University, China (February 2008-December 2010). Efficacy (month 7: HBVDNA (+), HBsAg (+) infants) in either the overall group or the treated group and control group was analysed using student's t-test.

FEN1 -69G>A and 4150G>T polymorphisms and cancer risk in Chinese population.

Previous studies have investigated the associations between FEN1 -69G>A (rs174538) and 4150G>T (rs4246215) polymorphisms and cancer risk in Chinese population. However, the results were controversial. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the associations.

Recurrent cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-infected patient after anti-retroviral therapy: a case report.

Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS) in HIV-infected patients presents as a clinical worsening or new presentation of cryptococcal disease as a result of anti-retroviral therapy mediated immune restoration. Recurrent C-IRIS is a rare condition. Recently, recurrent C-IRIS involving the central nervous system, which is thought to require prolonged or alternative immunosuppressive therapy, has been described.

Solitary cavitary pulmonary nodule may be a common CT finding in AIDS-associated pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that the most common chest radiologic finding in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is diffuse interstitial infiltrates. The aim of this study was to provide additional radiologic characterization of PC in AIDS patients.

Methods: AIDS patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University who were diagnosed with cryptococcosis between February 2009 and May 2012 and who had undergone chest computed tomography (CT) scans before or at the time of diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.

Management of chronic hepatitis B in pregnancy.

Pregnancy associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a common and important problem with unique challenges. Pregnant women infected with CHB are different from the general population, and their special problems need to be considered: such as the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the mother and fetus, the effect of pregnancy on replication of the HBV, whether mothers should take HBV antiviral therapy during pregnancy, the effect of these treatments on the mother and fetus, how to carry out immunization of neonates, whether it can induce hepatitis activity after delivery and other serious issues. At present, there are about 350 million individuals with HBV infection worldwide, of which 50% were infected during the perinatal or neonatal period, especially in HBV-endemic countries.

A prospective and open-label study for the efficacy and safety of telbivudine in pregnancy for the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection.

Background & Aims: In the Asia-Pacific region, perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the primary cause of chronic hepatitis B infection. Despite the use of HBIG and HBV vaccination, HBV perinatal transmission (PT) occurs in 10-30% of infants born to highly viremic mothers. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of LTD use during late pregnancy in reducing HBV transmission in highly viremic HBeAg+mothers.