Quantitative assessment of pulmonary blood flow redistribution in the classification of group 1 and group 4 pulmonary hypertension.

Background: All patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), without left heart disease or lung diseases, need further distinguishing between pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). This study aimed to investigate the value of quantitative assessment of pulmonary blood flow redistribution in further classification.

Methods: Forty-six patients who underwent echocardiography and computed tomography pulmonary angiography at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were included in this cross-sectional study, and all patients were categorized into a non-PH group (18 cases), a PAH group (12 cases), and a CTEPH group (16 cases).

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation as a potential therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: modulation of the noradrenergic pathway in the prefrontal lobe.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental impairments, inattention, motor hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Currently, there is no effective intervention that can completely cure it. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of ADHD involves abnormalities in the norepinephrine (NE) pathway within the prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Accurate RNA velocity estimation based on multibatch network reveals complex lineage in batch scRNA-seq data.

RNA velocity, as an extension of trajectory inference, is an effective method for understanding cell development using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments. However, existing RNA velocity methods are limited by the batch effect because they cannot directly correct for batch effects in the input data, which comprises spliced and unspliced matrices in a proportional relationship. This limitation can lead to an incorrect velocity stream.

An antioxidant nanozyme for targeted cardiac fibrosis therapy post myocardial infarction.

The excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after myocardial infarction (MI) disrupts the natural healing process, leading to cardiac fibrosis and compromising patient prognosis. However, the clinical application of many antioxidant drugs for MI treatment is hindered by their poor antioxidant efficacy and inability to specifically target the heart. Here we developed a tannic acid-modified MnO nanozyme (named MnO@TA), which can achieve cardiac targeting to inhibit post-MI fibrosis and enhance cardiac function.

Evaluation of gecacitinib vs hydroxyurea in patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis: final analysis results from a randomized phase 3 study.

To compare the efficacy and safety of gecacitinib (also known as jaktinib) with hydroxyurea (HU) in treating myelofibrosis (MF) patients. In this multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial (ZGJAK016), intermediate- or high-risk primarily JAK inhibitor naïve MF patients were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either gecacitinib (100 mg twice a day, BID) or HU (500 mg BID). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ≥35% reduction in spleen volume (SVR35) from baseline at week 24.

Repeated low-intensity noise exposure exacerbates age-related hearing loss via RAGE signaling pathway.

Repeated low-intensity noise exposure is prevalent in industrialized societies. It has long been considered risk-free until recent evidence suggests that the temporary threshold shift (TTS) induced by such exposure might be a high-risk factor for hearing loss. This study was conducted to further investigate the manner in which repeated low-intensity noise exposure contributed to hearing damage.

Evaluation of the prognostic value of lateral MAPSE in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic value of lateral mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) in the prediction of major adverse cardiology events (MACE) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: 233 consecutive patients were enrolled with suspected CAD from October 2012 to September 2013 and performed contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and two-dimensional echocardiogram studies no later than 72 h after admission. CMR imaging protocol included 4-chamber cine(cine-CMR), cardiovascular magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).

Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination among US adults aged ≥60 years.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines have been recommended for US adults aged ≥60 years for nearly one year. However, the extent of vaccination coverage and the factors influencing uptake remain underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate national and state-specific RSV vaccination coverage among US adults aged ≥60 years and to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence vaccination uptake.

Renal function and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: the potential mediating role of carnitine metabolites.

Context: Renal function may play a crucial role in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, prospective studies on this topic are scarce and the mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: To assess the associations of early-pregnancy renal function with GDM and the mediating role of carnitine metabolites.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields targeting spleen modifies the populations of immunocytes in the spleen.

Our study focused on investigating the bioeffects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on the immune function of the spleen. We designed an electromagnetic instrument that can locally target on spleen, the spleens of mice were locally exposed to the ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 30 mT) for 14 days (4 h/day). Parallelly, the isolated splenic T cells were exposed to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 15 mT) for 2 h.

Patient-reported outcomes of rezvilutamide versus bicalutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy in high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients (CHART): a randomized, phase 3 study.

The randomized phase 3 CHART trial (NCT03520478) revealed that rezvilutamide (REZ) plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in high-volume, metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) significantly enhanced radiographic progression-free and overall survival than bicalutamide (BIC)-ADT. Accordingly, we examined patient-reported outcomes (PROs) results, which were exploratory endpoints in the CHART trial. The patients were randomly allocated to receive REZ-ADT or BIC-ADT in a 1:1 ratio.

SerpinB1 targeting safeguards against pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling by suppressing cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and inflammation initiation.

Aims: While the pivotal role of inflammation in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling is widely acknowledged, the mechanisms triggering inflammation initiation remain largely obscure. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanism of serpin family B member 1 (SerpinB1) in pro-inflammatory cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, heart inflammation, and cardiac remodelling.

Methods And Results: C57BL/6J wild-type, inducible cardiac-specific SerpinB1 overexpression or knockout mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery.

The decrease in zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox-1 could accelerate steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by repressing type-H vessel formation via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Background: Zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox-1 (ZEB1) is predominantly found in type-H vessels. However, the roles of ZEB1 and type-H vessels in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) are unclear.

Methods: Human femoral heads were collected to detect the expression of ZEB1 and the levels of type-H vessels.

High AIPH-Loaded Infinite coordination Polymers nanoparticles for long-term thermodynamic-chemo cascade tumor synergistic therapy.

To enhance the tumor thermodynamic-chemo synergistic therapy efficacy, high loading of AIPH-Cu(II)-AQ4N Infinite Coordination Polymer nanoparticles (ICP NPs) were developed, which have high AIPH loading of 44.5 %, thermal stability, pH responsive release all therapeutic agents in the tumor tissue and lower toxicity. A long-term thermodynamic-chemo cascade tumor synergistic therapy strategy was developed with these nanoparticles.

Identification of potential pathogenic genes for urolithiasis through multi-omics Mendelian randomization analysis.

Urolithiasis, a common urological disorder affecting about 10% of the global population, is known for its high recurrence rate, yet its genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to fill this gap by identifying potential pathogenic genes associated with urolithiasis using a multi-omics Mendelian randomization approach. We conducted a comprehensive analysis that integrated genome-wide association studies (GWAS), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL), and protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) data.

Nanomedicine: The new trend and future of precision medicine for inflammatory bowel disease.

Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary area that utilizes nanoscience and technology in the realm of medicine. Rapid advances in science and technology have propelled the medical sector into a new era. The most commonly used nanotechnology in the field of medicine is nanoparticles.

THOR: a TMB heterogeneity-adaptive optimization model predicts immunotherapy response using clonal genomic features in group-structured data.

With the increasing number of indications for immune checkpoint inhibitors in early and advanced cancers, the prospect of a tumor-agnostic biomarker to prioritize patients is compelling. Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is a widely endorsed biomarker that quantifies nonsynonymous mutations within tumor DNA, essential for neoantigen production, which, in turn, correlates with the immune response and guides decision-making. However, the general clinical application of TMB-relying on simple mutational counts targeted at a single endpoint-does not adequately capture the complex clonal structure of tumors nor the multifaceted nature of prognostic indicators.

An innovative and safe method to manage the inter-segmental plane using the "Inserted Multilateral Cutting Method" in pulmonary segmentectomy.

Background: Management of the intersegmental plane (ISP) remains a challenge in lung segmentectomy to minimize intra- or postoperative complications and damage to the lungs. The purpose of this study was to assess the novel method's clinical feasibility and safety for segmentectomy.

Methods: A total of 205 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy from May 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Noninvasive early identification of durable clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition: a prospective multicenter study (NCT04566432).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment landscape for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In spite of durable responses in some patients, many patients develop early disease progression during the ICI treatment. Thus, early identification of patients with no durable benefit would facilitate the clinical decision for these patients.

Electrical stimulation as an adjunctive therapy for diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetic ulcers are chronic wounds that are notoriously difficult to treat, leading to significant physical and psychological distress and increased healthcare costs. Their multifactorial aetiology necessitates long-term interdisciplinary collaboration and various complementary treatment measures. While numerous studies suggest that electrical stimulation (ES) positively impacts diabetic ulcer healing, the robustness and consistency of these findings require further evaluation to optimize clinical application.

Best1 mitigates ER stress induced by the increased cellular microenvironment stiffness in epilepsy.

Changes in brain tissue stiffness are closely linked to the development and diseases of the nervous system. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in various pathological processes related to epilepsy. However, the relationship between stiffness changes, ER stress, and epilepsy remains unclear.

Tectorigenin Reduces Dabie bandavirus-Induced Cytokine Storm by Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 7/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a severe emerging infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus (DBV). Tectorigenin has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effect. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of tectorigenin on DBV-induced cytokine storm.