Discovery and evaluation of novel spiroheterocyclic protective agents via a SIRT1 upregulation mechanism in cisplatin-induced premature ovarian failure.

Currently, no effective treatment exists for premature ovarian failure (POF). To obtain compounds with protective effects against POF, we aimed to design and synthesize a series of spiroheterocyclic protective agents with a focus on minimizing toxicity while enhancing their protective effect against cisplatin-induced POF. This was achieved through systematic modifications of Michael receptors and linkers within the molecular structure of 1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one analogs.

Synthesis and Anti-gastric Cancer Activity by Targeting FGFR1 Pathway of Novel Asymmetric Bis-chalcone Compounds.

Background: Bis-chalcone compounds with symmetrical structures, either isolated from natural products or chemically synthesized, have multiple pharmacological activities. Asymmetric Bis-chalcone compounds have not been reported before, which might be attributed to the synthetic challenges involved, and it remains unknown whether these compounds possess any potential pharmacological activities.

Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the synthesis route of asymmetric bis-chalcone compounds and identify potential candidates with efficient anti-tumor activity.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of cyclic C7-bridged monocarbonyl curcumin analogs containing an -methoxy phenyl group as potential agents against gastric cancer.

The structure-activity relationship (SAR) between toxicity and the types of linking ketones of C7 bridged monocarbonyl curcumin analogs (MCAs) was not clear yet. In the pursuit of effective and less cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, we conducted a SAR analysis using various diketene skeletons of C7-bridged MCAs, synthesized cyclic C7-bridged MCAs containing the identified low-toxicity cyclopentanone scaffold and an -methoxy phenyl group, and assessed their anti-gastric cancer activity and safety profile. Most compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against gastric cancer cells.

Discovery of Pyroptosis-inducing Drugs and Antineoplastic Activity based on the ROS/ER Stress/Pyroptosis Axis.

Background: Pyroptosis, a cell death process triggered by chemotherapy drugs, has emerged as a highly promising mechanism for combating tumors in recent years. As the lead of new drugs, natural products play an important role in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Compared to other natural products, the medicine food homologous natural products (MFHNP) exhibit a superior safety profile.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of monoketene compounds as novel potential Parkinson's disease agents by suppressing ER stress via AKT.

Curcumin is identified that it has the potential to treat Parkinson's disease (PD), but its instability limits its further application in clinic. The mono-carbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs) with diketene structure can effectively improve its stability, but it is highly toxic. In the present study, a less cytotoxic and more stable monoketene MACs skeleton S2 was obtained, and a series of monoketene MACs were synthesized by combining 4-hydroxy-3‑methoxy groups of curcumin.

Rational design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterisation of dicarbonyl curcuminoid analogues with improved stability against lung cancer via ROS and ER stress mediated cell apoptosis and pyroptosis.

Curcumin is a natural medicine with a wide range of anti-tumour activities. However, due to β-diketone moiety, curcumin exhibits poor stability and pharmacokinetics which significantly limits its clinical applications. In this article, two types of dicarbonyl curcumin analogues with improved stability were designed through the calculation of molecular stability by density functional theory.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional co-culture attenuate degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an irreversible aging-associated clinical condition of unclear etiology. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to delay IDD, but the mechanisms by which MSCs attenuate senescence-related degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) remain uncertain. The present study employed a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system to explore the influence of MSCs on NPC degeneration induced by TNF-α in rat cells.

Morphometric Characteristics of Sacral-2 Alar Iliac Screw Fixation in Pediatric Population.

Study Design: A computed tomographic assessment.

Objective: To establish morphometric data of sacral-2 alar iliac (S2AI) screw fixation in pediatric population.

Summary Of Background Data: Studies on morphometric parameters of S2AI screw fixation are mostly based on adult population.

Informed appropriate imaging for low back pain management: A narrative review.

Most patients with acute low back pain (LBP), with or without radiculopathy, have substantial improvements in pain and function in the first 4 weeks, and they do not require routine imaging. Imaging is considered in those patients who have had up to 6 weeks of medical management and physical therapy that resulted in little or no improvement in their LBP. It is also considered for those patients presenting with suspicion for serious underlying conditions, such as cauda equina syndrome, malignancy, fracture and infection.

Optimal medial transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion approach with five extensive options: A simulated study on three-dimensional digital reconstructed images.

Objective: The objective of this study is to use 3D digital lumbar models to investigate and simulate the optimal posterior operative approach for safe decompression and insertion of an interbody cage.

Methods: Thirty lumbar spine (L3-S1) computed tomography data are collected for 3D reconstruction. We cut medial half part of the superior facet and define the distance between the margin of the operative side of the spinous process and the medial margin of the cut superior facet as "medial distance (MD)".

The compression of L5 nerve root, single or double sites?-radiographic graded signs, intra-operative detect technique and clinical outcomes.

Background: The L5 nerve root could be compressed at both L4-5 and L5-S1 regions. If L5 nerve root has confirmed compression at L4-5 level and questionable compression at L5-S1 foramina, performing both surgeries at L4-5 and L5-S1 levels may induce unnecessary extra surgery on L5-S1; however, ignoring foraminal stenosis of L5/S1 may require re-exploration.

Methods: Two hundred seventeen patients with L5 nerve root compressed at L4-5 lateral access were performed with L4-5 decompression and interbody fusion.

The outcomes of percutaneous kyphoplasty in treatment of the secondary osteoporotic vertebral compression factures: a case-control study.

Background: To investigate the outcomes of using percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of the secondary osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

Methods: Eighty-one patients had the secondary single segmental osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after the initial fractures and treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty were reviewed, 74 of them had minimum 2 years follow-up were included in this study. The 74 patients with primary osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty at the same time period were matched as control group in 1:1 ratio.

Comparison of minimally invasive and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of single segmental lumbar spondylolisthesis: minimum two-year follow up.

Background: Compare the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of single segmental lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Methods: From 2010-01 to 2015-10, in total, 167 patients with single segmental spondylolisthesis treated by TLIF were included, 79 cases in minimally invasive TLIF (MI-TLIF) group and 88 cases in open TLIF group. The peri-operative parameters of operative time, estimated blood loss and length of postoperative hospital stay was recorded, as well as complications.

Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with cortical bone trajectory screws versus traditional pedicle screws fixation: a study protocol of randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has been widely used in the treatment of lumbar degenerative disc disorders and shows favourable clinical results. Recently, cortical bone trajectory (CBT) has become a new trajectory for screw insertion in the lumbar spine. Several biomechanical studies have demonstrated that the CBT technique achieves screw purchase and strength greater than the traditional method.

Systematic review of 3D printing in spinal surgery: the current state of play.

Three-dimensional printing (3DP), also known as "Additive Manufacturing", is a rapidly growing industry, particularly in the area of spinal surgery. Given the complex anatomy of the spine and delicate nature of surrounding structures, 3DP has the potential to aid surgical planning and procedural accuracy. We perform a systematic review of current literature on the applications of 3DP in spinal surgery.

A 3D navigation template for guiding a unilateral lumbar pedicle screw with contralateral translaminar facet screw fixation: a study protocol for multicentre randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: The incidence of lumbar disc degeneration disease has increased in recent years. Lumbar interbody fusion using two unilateral pedicle screws and a translaminar facet screw fixation has advantages of minimal invasiveness and lower costs compared with the traditional methods. Moreover, a method guided by a three-dimensional (3D) navigation template may help us improve the surgical accuracy and the success rate.