Recent development of micro-nano carriers for oral antineoplastic drug delivery.

Chemotherapy is widely recognized as a highly efficacious modality for cancer treatment, involving the administration of chemotherapeutic agents to target and eradicate tumor cells. Currently, oral administration stands as the prevailing and widely utilized method of delivering chemotherapy drugs. However, the majority of anti-tumor medications exhibit limited solubility and permeability, and poor stability in harsh gastrointestinal environments, thereby impeding their therapeutic efficacy for chemotherapy.

Association between sarcopenia and weight-adjusted waist index in male patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The Weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) has emerged as a predictive factor for a range of metabolic disorders. To date, the predictive value of the WWI in relation to sarcopenia in individuals with diabetics has not been extensively explored. This study aims to investigate the impact of the WWI on the prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Recent Trends in the Development and Application of Nano-Antioxidants for Skin-Related Disease.

Skin is a vital barrier for the human body, protecting against external environmental influences and maintaining internal homeostasis. In addition, an imbalance of oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms can lead to skin-related diseases. Thus, for treating skin-related diseases, antioxidant therapy may be an important strategy to alleviate these symptoms.

Incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline following regional vs. general anaesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: follow-up of the RAGA trial.

Introduction: Data regarding the incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline following regional or general anaesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery remain observational. Compared with general anaesthesia, we hypothesised that regional anaesthesia would decrease the incidence of 12-month postoperative cognitive decline.

Methods: This is substudy of a multicentre randomised trial of regional anaesthesia with no sedation vs.

Polydatin enhances oxaliplatin-induced cell death by activating NOX5-ROS-mediated DNA damage and ER stress in colon cancer cells.

Background: Polydatin (3,4',5-trihydroxy-3-β-d-glucopyranoside, PD) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Oxaliplatin (OXA)-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for metastatic and recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the lack of selectivity for normal cells often results in side effects.

Exercise therapy facilitates neural remodeling and functional recovery post-spinal cord injury via PKA/CREB signaling pathway modulation in rats.

Background: Neuronal structure is disrupted after spinal cord injury (SCI), causing functional impairment. The effectiveness of exercise therapy (ET) in clinical settings for nerve remodeling post-SCI and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effects and related mechanisms of ET on nerve remodeling in SCI rats.

Noninvasive assessment of pediatric glomerular disease: multimodal ultrasound.

Background: Traditional 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound is a noninvasive method in the assessment of glomerular disease. Ultrasound elastography shows promise in evaluating renal fibrosis, which plays a key role in glomerular disease progression. However, research in pediatric cohorts is limited.

Daphnetin-mediated mitophagy alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration via the Nrf2/PINK1 pathway.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), and effective therapies are still lacking. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and this, along with extracellular matrix metabolism (ECM) degradation in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), plays a crucial role in the progression of IDD. Daphnetin (DAP) is a biologically active phytochemical extracted from plants of the , which possesses various bioactivities, including antioxidant properties.

Machine learning-based prognostic model for patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: Despite the identification of various prognostic factors for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients over the years, a precise prognostic tool for these patients is still lacking. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting survival outcomes for ATC patients using random survival forests (RSF), a machine learning algorithm.

Methods: A total of 1222 ATC patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and randomly divided into a training set of 855 patients and a validation set of 367 patients.

Association between METTL14 gene polymorphisms and risk of ovarian endometriosis.

Background: Endometriosis, a prevalent chronic gynecological condition, is frequently associated with infertility and pelvic pain. Despite numerous studies indicating a correlation between epigenetic regulation and endometriosis, its precise genetic etiology remains elusive. Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), a crucial component of the N6-methyladenosine (mA) RNA methyltransferase complex and an RNA binding scaffold, is known to play a pivotal role in various human diseases.

Neuroanatomical prediction of individual anxiety problems level using machine learning models: A population-based cohort study of young adults.

Anxiety, a mental state in healthy individuals, is characterized by apprehension of potential future threats. Though the neurobiological basis of anxiety has been investigated widely in the clinical populations, the underly mechanism of neuroanatomical correlates with anxiety level in healthy young adults is still unclear. In this study, 1080 young adults were enrolled from the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset, and machine learning-based elastic net regression models with cross validation, together with linear mix effects (LME) models were adopted to investigate whether the neuroanatomical profiles of structural magnetic resonance imaging indicators associated with anxiety level in healthy young adults.

High-Throughput Screening Strategy and Metal-Organic Framework-Based Multifunctional Controlled-Release Nanomaterial for Osteoarthritis Therapy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative disease that lacks effective therapy. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors contributing to OA; however, treatments targeting oxidative stress are still lacking. In the current study, we established an oxidative stress-induced cell death model in chondrocytes and screened drugs that may suppress oxidative stress-induced cell death.

Urolithin A alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis by promoting microglial mitophagy following spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a potentially fatal condition that often results in loss of motor and sensory functions, thereby significantly burdening global health initiatives. Urolithin A (UA), an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagic acid, is known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties in chronic inflammation contexts. UA treatment in humans induces a molecular signature of improved mitochondrial and cellular health.

MEF2C mitigates coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease by enhancing endothelial barrier function through KLF2 regulation.

Coronary artery lesions constitute a significant complication of Kawasaki disease (KD) and represents one of the primary etiologies of acquired cardiovascular disease in pediatric populations. In the present study, we observed a downregulation of MEF2C expression in the whole blood of KD patients and in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) during the pathophysiological progression of KD. Furthermore, transcriptomic data analysis, in conjunction with observations from HCAECs stimulated with KD serum, indicates that the downregulation of MEF2C in KD is correlated with increased inflammatory levels and the activation of inflammatory pathways.

Nerve-Derived Extracellular Matrix Promotes Neural Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Enhances Interleukin-4 Efficacy for Advanced Nerve Regeneration.

Facilitating neuronal differentiation of stem cells and microenvironment remodeling are the key challenges in cell-based transplantation strategies for central nervous system regeneration. Herein, the study harnesses the intrinsic pro-neural differentiation potential of nerve-derived extracellular matrix (NDEM) and its specific affinity for cytokines to develop an NDEM-gelatin methacryloyl(gelMA)-based bifunctional hydrogel delivery system for stem cells and cytokines. This system promotes the neural differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and optimizes the therapeutic index of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment.

Danshensu enhances autophagy and reduces inflammation by downregulating TNF-α to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in ischemic flaps.

Background: The significant distal necrosis of the random-pattern skin flaps greatly restricts their clinical applications in flap transplantation. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of danshensu (DSS) to alleviate ischemic tissue injury. However, no research to date has confirmed whether DSS can improve the survival of ischemic flaps.

In Utero Perfluorodecanoic Acid Exposure Causes Fetal Leydig Cell Dysfunction via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Lipid Composition Alteration.

Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), a C10 fluorine-containing compound, is used widely and found to be present anywhere. However, whether it has reproductive toxicity for fetal Leydig cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. PFDA was investigated for its effects on fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) following exposure to 0, 1, 2.

Nonacademic predictors of China medical licensing examination.

Background: National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) is the entrance exam for medical practice in China, and its general medical knowledge test (GMKT) evaluates abilities of medical students to comprehensively apply medical knowledge to clinical practice. This study aimed to identify nonacademic predictors of GMKT performance, which would benefit medical schools in designing appropriate strategies and techniques to facilitate the transition from medical students to qualified medical practitioners.

Methods: In 1202 medical students, we conducted the deletion-substitution-addition (DSA) and structural equation model (SEM) analyses to identify nonacademic predictors of GMKT performance from 98 candidate variables including early life events, physical conditions, psychological and personality assessments, cognitive abilities, and socioeconomic conditions.

Association between body mass index at birth and neonatal health outcomes in preterm infants: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Studies on how birth body mass index (BMI) affects health outcomes in preterm infants are relatively limited.

Aim: To analyze the association between BMI at birth and neonatal health outcomes in extremely low and very low birth weight preterm infants in China.

Methods: Used data from the Chinese Premature Infant Informatization Platform (2022-2023).

CDK8 mediated inflammatory microenvironment aggravates osteoarthritis progression.

Introduction: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 (CDK8), a CDK family member, regulates the development of inflammatory processes through transcriptional activation. The involvement of CDK8 in osteoarthritis (OA) progression is not yet understood.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether CDK8, through its transcriptional regulatory functions, collaborates with NF-κB in chondrocytes to regulate the transcription of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) genes, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory microenvironment in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), and to explore the specific mechanisms involved.

Enzyme-independent functions of HDAC3 in the adult heart.

The cardioprotective effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDIs) are at odds with the deleterious effects of HDAC depletion. Here, we use HDAC3 as a prototype HDAC to address this contradiction. We show that adult-onset cardiac-specific depletion of HDAC3 in mice causes cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction on a high-fat diet (HFD), excluding developmental disruption as a major reason for the contradiction.

LAMP3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition promotes the invasion and excessive proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the functional role of LAMP3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.

Methodology: Changes in EMT and LAMP3 were investigated in the synovial tissue and FLSs of RA patients. In vitro experiments were performed using the EMT inhibitor C19, siRNA, and lentivirus to examine the impact of EMT and LAMP3 on RA-FLSs and the underlying mechanisms involved.