A MAZ::NCOA2 Subcutaneous Small Round Cell Sarcoma of Infancy With Diffuse S100/SOX10 Positivity: A Novel Entity.

Small round cell sarcomas (SRCSs) constitute a heterogeneous group of high-grade tumors with a poor prognosis, predominantly affecting children and young adults. According to the 2020 WHO Soft Tissue Tumor classification, SRCSs are categorized into Ewing sarcoma, round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions, CIC-rearranged sarcoma, and sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations. Herein, we report a case of a 10-month-old boy presenting with a progressively enlarging left lumbar mass.

Explainable machine learning model for predicting decline in platelet count after interventional closure in children with patent ductus arteriosus.

Background: This study aimed to apply four machine learning algorithms to develop the optimal model to predict decline in platelet count (DPC) after interventional closure in children with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Methods: Data from children with PDA who underwent successful transcatheter closure at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Yuying Children's Hospital from January 2016, to December 2022, were collected. The cohort data were split into training and testing sets.

Physiopathology of polycystic ovary syndrome in endocrinology, metabolism and inflammation.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by elevated androgen levels, ovarian cysts, and impaired ovulation in females. This condition is closely linked with various reproductive health issues and has significant impacts on endocrine and metabolic pathways. Patients with PCOS commonly exhibit hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance, leading to complications such as acne, hirsutism, weight fluctuations, and metabolic disturbances, as well as an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer.

Assessing mortality risk and causes in extramammary Paget's disease: insights from a population-based study.

Background: The causes of death in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) patients are currently unclear. The authors aimed to examine mortality patterns among current survivors of EMPD.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database spanning from 2000 to 2019, focusing on patients diagnosed with EMPD.

Synergistic polyphenol-amino acid nanoparticles: a new strategy for reactive oxygen species management.

Polyphenols exhibit strong antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory but are limited by chemical instability and low bioavailability. To address these challenges, we developed polyphenol-amino acid conjugates that self-assemble into stable nanospheres, enhancing their stability and bioavailability. These nanoparticles demonstrate significantly improved ROS scavenging efficiency and promote cell proliferation .

Causality between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Telomere Length.

Background: The association between telomere length (TL) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received much attention. However, previous observational studies have yielded inconclusive evidence regarding this relationship. Our study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between TL and ASD using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Machine learning-based screening of asthma biomarkers and related immune infiltration.

Introduction: Asthma has an annual increasing morbidity rate and imposes a heavy social burden on public healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to use machine learning to identify asthma-specific genes for the prediction and diagnosis of asthma.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to asthma were identified by examining public sequencing data from the Gene Expression Omnibus, coupled with the support vector machine recursive feature elimination and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model.

Human cytomegalovirus UL82 promotes cell cycle progression of colorectal cancer by upregulating AGR2.

The correlation between persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has garnered increasing attention. UL82 is a tegument protein of HCMV, and our previous research indicated that the presence of UL82 is significantly associated with reduced overall survival in CRC patients. However, the mechanism by which UL82 affects the prognosis of CRC patients remains unclear.

Activation of autophagy is required for clearance of mitochondrial ROS in patients with asthenozoospermia.

Autophagy is regarded as an essential process for maintaining cell homeostasis. However, its role in the regulation of sperm motility is still less understood. In this study, we found that mitochondrial oxidative species (mROS) levels were elevated, but ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels were reduced in human sperm with low motility (also called asthenozoospermia, AS) as compared to normal human sperm (normal sperm, NS).

Quercetin improves airway remodeling in COPD rats by suppressing phenotypic switch of ASMCs via inhibiting the Wnt5a/β-catenin pathway.

Background And Purpose: Airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a contributor to airflow limitation, promotes disease progression, and affects disease outcome and prognosis. Quercetin has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for COPD. Currently, there is insufficient research providing direct evidence to support this hypothesis.

Insights into Clinical Trials for Drugs Targeting MASLD: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions.

The transition in terminology from fatty liver disease to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) marks a considerable evolution in diagnostic standards. This new definition focuses on liver fat accumulation in the context of overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes, or metabolic dysfunction, without requiring the exclusion of other concurrent liver diseases. The new definition also provides clear guidelines for defining alcohol consumption in relation to the disease.

Formosanin C inhibits triple-negative breast cancer progression by suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and the polarization of M2 macrophages.

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), is a highly aggressive tumor. Formosanin C (FC) is a diosgenin with immunomodulatory and antitumor properties, the precise mechanism through which it is against TNBC remains uncertain.

Objective: Clarifying the mechanism of FC against TNBC.

An integrated multi-omics analysis identifies protein biomarkers and potential drug targets for psoriatic arthritis.

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex, chronic immune-mediated inflammatory arthropathy that currently lacks definitive biomarkers and treatment targets. Identifying biomarkers and treatment targets is urgently needed for effectively managing PsA. Here, we conducted a multi-omics approach to identify protein biomarkers and potential drug targets for psoriatic arthritis.

Dihydrotanshinone I potentiates the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin by activating ROS-mediated ER stress through targeting HSPD1 in lung cancer cells.

Lung cancer represents one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by the highest incidence and mortality rates globally. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy exerts powerful anti-tumor activities in lung cancer, whereas its clinical application was limited due to the severe side effects. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS), a root extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibits diverse biological functions, encompassing liver protection, anti-inflammatory properties, promotion of osteoclast differentiation, and induction of apoptosis in tumor cells.

Protective Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Cardiac Electrophysiological Function in a Rat Model of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is the end stage of ischemic heart disease, in which ventricular remodeling contributes to a fatal ventricular arrhythmia, worsens heart function and unfavorable outcomes, and is related to persistent chronic inflammation. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is an effective treatment modality for osteoarthropathy and has been illustrated to regulate the overactive inflammatory response in various diseases. Here, we aim to investigate whether LIPUS can perform cardiac protective effects in ICM and explore its possible mechanism.

Red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio is associated with increased depression: the mediating role of atherogenic index of plasma.

Background: Recent studies have identified a correlation between inflammation and depression. This study aims to explore the correlation between the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to albumin ratio (RAR), a practical measure for assessing inflammation, and depression in the general population.

Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, data from 28932 adults aged≥18 years old in the NHANES during the period of 1999-2018 were analyzed.

Bone Age Assessment Using Various Medical Imaging Techniques Enhanced by Artificial Intelligence.

Bone age (BA) reflects skeletal maturity and is crucial in clinical and forensic contexts, particularly for growth assessment, adult height prediction, and managing conditions like short stature and precocious puberty, often using X-ray, MRI, CT, or ultrasound imaging. Traditional BA assessment methods, including the Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse techniques, compare morphological changes to reference atlases. Despite their effectiveness, factors like genetics and environment complicate evaluations, emphasizing the need for new methods that account for comprehensive variations in skeletal maturity.

Polybrominated biphenyls induce liver injury by disrupting the KEAP1/Nrf2/SLC7A11 axis leading to impaired GSH synthesis and ferroptosis in hepatocytes.

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widespread in the environment, presenting significant health hazards due to their bioaccumulation, particularly in liver. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, has not been previously linked to PBBs-induced hepatotoxicity. This study investigated whether PBBs induce hepatotoxicity through ferroptosis and the toxicological mechanism using mice and THLE-2 cells models exposed to PBB mixture (BP-6).

Palmatine activation of TFEB enhances autophagy and alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress in intervertebral disc degeneration.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is integral in lower back pain and involves complex pathophysiological processes, including nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown. Palmatine (PLT), an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Fibraurea recisa Pierre of the family Menispermaceae, is recognised for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, researches have not well explored the impact of PLT on IDD.

Analysis of toxicity and mechanisms of busulfan in non-obstructive azoospermia: A genomic and toxicological approach integrating molecular docking, single-cell sequencing, and experimentation in vivo.

Environmental pollutants, including chemical contaminants, heavy metals, and pesticides, have been linked to adverse effects on male reproductive health, particularly sperm quality. Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a severe form of male infertility caused by intrinsic testicular dysfunction, leading to a complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate. Busulfan, an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia, is known to induce NOA through its toxic effects on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs).

Multicenter Study on the Prevalence of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Coinfection and Disease Burden Among Hospitalized Children Aged 5 Years and Younger - 5 Prefecture-level Cities, Zhejiang Province, China, 2018-2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) coinfection with other respiratory pathogens frequently occurs in young children with acute respiratory illness. However, the epidemiological patterns and associated disease burden of HRSV coinfections in pediatric populations remain poorly characterized.

What Is Added By This Report?: Analysis of hospitalized children under 5 years in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2023 revealed that 20.

A single-centre early experience of the Pulse™ navigation system for posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Purpose: Pedicle screw-based constructs are the standard of surgical management in AIS. Several manufacturers have developed navigation systems utilising intraoperative 3D imaging to improve screw placement accuracy. However, concerns remain regarding intraoperative radiation exposure utilising these systems compared to traditional techniques.

Optogenetics and Its Application in Nervous System Diseases.

Optogenetics is an emerging technology that uses the light-responsive effects of photosensitive proteins to regulate the function of specific cells. This technique combines genetics with optics, allowing for the precise inhibition or activation of cell functions through the introduction of photosensitive proteins into target cells and subsequent light stimulation to activate these proteins. In recent years, numerous basic and clinical studies have demonstrated the unique advantages of this approach in the research and treatment of neurological disorders.

Relationship between social activities and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of depressive symptoms.

Background: The differential impacts of various social activities on dementia prevention and the mediating role of depression in this relationship remain unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effects of different social activities on cognitive function, examine the mediating role of depression, and provide evidence for targeted interventions to prevent cognitive decline.

Methods: Using data from CHARLS, we employed RCS analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to examine the relationships between social activities, depression, and cognitive function in older adults.