A neuron-immune circuit regulates neurodegeneration in the hindbrain and spinal cord of Arf1-ablated mice.

Neuroimmune connections have been revealed to play a central role in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). However, the mechanisms that link the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune cells are still mostly unknown. We recently found that specific ablation of the gene in hindbrain and spinal cord neurons promoted NDs through activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia via peroxided lipids and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) releasing.

Identification of small circular DNA viruses in coyote fecal samples from Arizona (USA).

Coyotes (Canis latrans) have a broad geographic distribution across North and Central America. Despite their widespread presence in urban environments in the USA, there is limited information regarding viruses associated with coyotes in the USA and in particular the state of Arizona. To explore viruses associated with coyotes, particularly small DNA viruses, 44 scat samples were collected (April-June 2021 and November 2021-January 2022) along the Salt River near Phoenix, Arizona (USA), along 43 transects (500 m).

The knowns and unknowns of helminth-host miRNA cross-kingdom communication.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that oversee gene modulation. They are integral to cellular functions and can migrate between species, leading to cross-kingdom gene suppression. Recent breakthroughs in helminth genome studies have sparked curiosity about helminth RNA regulators and their ability to regulate genes across species.

mutations are associated with high myopia through affected cell mitosis.

Background: High myopia (HM) refers to an eye refractive error exceeding -5.00 D, significantly elevating blindness risk. The underlying mechanism of HM remains elusive.

A three-dimensional adaptive rational interpolation algorithm for removing TMS-EEG pulse artifacts.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) has been widely used to study the reactivity and connectivity of brain regions. In order to efficiently and fast solve the pulse artifacts problem caused by TMS electromagnetic pulses, a three-dimensional adaptive rational quadratic Hermite interpolation algorithm is proposed.Firstly, a three-dimensional signal matrix is obtained by a signal recombination algorithm, where the removed window is automatically obtained by a derivative threshold.

Multidimensional quantitative phenotypic and molecular analysis reveals neomorphic behaviors of p53 missense mutants.

Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene occur in >80% of the triple-negative or basal-like breast cancer. To test whether neomorphic functions of specific TP53 missense mutations contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity, we characterized phenotypes of non-transformed MCF10A-derived cell lines expressing the ten most common missense mutant p53 proteins and observed a wide spectrum of phenotypic changes in cell survival, resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, cell migration, invasion and 3D mammosphere architecture. The p53 mutants R248W, R273C, R248Q, and Y220C are the most aggressive while G245S and Y234C are the least, which correlates with survival rates of basal-like breast cancer patients.

Characterization of the major surface glycoconjugates of Trypanosoma theileri.

Trypanosoma theileri maintains a long-term extracellular infection with a low parasitaemia in bovids. The surface of this parasite is predicted to be decorated with several surface molecules including membrane surface proteases (MSPs), trans-sialidases and T. theileri putative surface proteins (TTPSPs).

HiFun: homology independent protein function prediction by a novel protein-language self-attention model.

Protein function prediction based on amino acid sequence alone is an extremely challenging but important task, especially in metagenomics/metatranscriptomics field, in which novel proteins have been uncovered exponentially from new microorganisms. Many of them are extremely low homology to known proteins and cannot be annotated with homology-based or information integrative methods. To overcome this problem, we proposed a Homology Independent protein Function annotation method (HiFun) based on a unified deep-learning model by reassembling the sequence as protein language.

GC-MS, GC-O, and sensomics analysis reveals the key odorants underlying the improvement of yellow tea aroma after optimized yellowing.

An optimized yellowing process for yellow tea (YT) was recently developed. The study found that the optimized yellowing process caused a significant increase in sweet and floral aromas by 31.3% and 24.

The causal relationship of depression, anxiety, and neuroticism with main indicators of sarcopenia: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have shown the relationship between sarcopenia and psychiatric disorders. However, due to the limitations of traditional research methods, the causal relationship between them has not been accurately concluded. At the same time, considering that sarcopenia is mainly manifested by low muscle strength and low muscle mass, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in this study to explore the causal relationship of anxiety, depression, and neuroticism with muscle strength and muscle mass, respectively.

Metabolomics analysis reveals the mechanism underlying the improvement in the color and taste of yellow tea after optimized yellowing.

In this study, an optimized yellowing process for yellow tea (YT) was developed by response surface methodology. The results showed that increasing the yellowing temperature from 20 °C to 34 °C, increasing the relative humidity from 55% to 67%, and reducing the yellowing time from 48 h to 16 h, caused a 40.5% and 43.

Short-chain fatty acids and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: There is substantial evidence that reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, although findings from clinical interventions that can increase SCFAs are inconsistent.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of SCFA interventions on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

Data Sources: Relevant articles published up to July 28, 2022, were extracted from PubMed and Embase using the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms of the defined keywords [(short-chain fatty acids) AND (obesity OR diabetes OR insulin sensitivity)] and their synonyms.

The project, the everyday, and reflexivity in sociotechnical agri-food assemblages: proposing a conceptual model of digitalisation.

Digital technologies have opened up new perspectives in thinking about the future of food and farming. Not only do these new technologies promise to revolutionise our way of meeting global food demand, they do so by boldly claiming that they can reduce their environmental impacts. However, they also have the potential to transform the organisation of agri-food systems more fundamentally.

Whole-exome sequencing detected a novel AIFM1 variant in a Han-Chinese family with Cowchock syndrome.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease(CMT) is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy, characterized by progressive distal hypoesthesia and amyotrophia. CMT is characterized by an X- linked recessive inheritance pattern. The apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated-1 (AIFM1) is the main pathogenic gene of the X-linked recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-4 with or without cerebellar ataxia (CMTX4), also known as Cowchock syndrome.

Epigenotype-genotype-phenotype correlations in SETD1A and SETD2 chromatin disorders.

Germline pathogenic variants in two genes encoding the lysine-specific histone methyltransferase genes SETD1A and SETD2 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) characterized by developmental delay and congenital anomalies. The SETD1A and SETD2 gene products play a critical role in chromatin-mediated regulation of gene expression. Specific methylation episignatures have been detected for a range of chromatin gene-related NDDs and have impacted clinical practice by improving the interpretation of variant pathogenicity.

Whole-exome sequencing detected a novel APP variant in a Han-Chinese family with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable and debilitating neurodegenerative disease that results in the progressive degeneration and death of nerve cells. Mutations in the APP gene, which encodes an amyloid precursor protein, is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD.

Methods And Results: We studied the APP gene (NM_000484.

Structural modification of (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nontriene enhances its ability to kill Plutella xylostella insect pests.

Background: Plant secondary metabolites and their modified derivatives play an important role in the discovery and development of novel insecticides. The natural plant product (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nontriene (DMNT) has been proven to be able to effectively repel and kill the lepidopteran insect pest Plutella xylostella.

Results: In this study, four oxygenated derivatives of DMNT were synthesized by allylic hydroxylation and subsequent etherification or esterification.

14, 15-EET alleviates neurological impairment through maintaining mitochondrial dynamics equilibrium via AMPK/SIRT1/FoxO1 signal pathways in mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion.

Aim: To explore whether 14, 15-EET regulates mitochondrial dynamics to exert neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: The mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion model was used to observe brain infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis by TTC staining and Tunel assay, modified neurological severity score to detect neurological impairment, HE staining and Nissl staining to observe neuron damage, western blot and immunofluorescence methods to detect the expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins, transmission electron microscopy, and Golgi-Cox staining to detect mitochondrial morphology and neuronal dendritic spines.

Results: 14, 15-EET reduced the neuronal apoptosis and cerebral infarction volume induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R), inhibited the degradation of dendritic spines, maintained the structural integrity of neurons, and alleviated neurological impairment.

More than a Bit of Fun: The Multiple Outcomes of a Bioblitz.

Bioblitzes are a popular approach to engage people and collect biodiversity data. Despite this, few studies have actually evaluated the multiple outcomes of bioblitz activities. We used a systematic review, an analysis of data from more than 1000 bioblitzes, and a detailed analysis of one specific bioblitz to inform our inquiry.

Epigenetic and chromosomal features drive transposon insertion in Drosophila melanogaster.

Transposons are mobile genetic elements prevalent in the genomes of most species. The distribution of transposons within a genome reflects the actions of two opposing processes: initial insertion site selection, and selective pressure from the host. By analyzing whole-genome sequencing data from transposon-activated Drosophila melanogaster, we identified 43 316 de novo and 237 germline insertions from four long-terminal-repeat (LTR) transposons, one LINE transposon (I-element), and one DNA transposon (P-element).

Structural insights into the recognition of telomeric variant repeat TTGGGG by broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-à-brac - zinc finger protein ZBTB10.

Multiple proteins bind to telomeric DNA and are important for the role of telomeres in genome stability. A recent study established a broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-à-brac - zinc finger (BTB-ZF) protein, ZBTB10 (zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 10), as a telomeric variant repeat-binding protein at telomeres that use an alternative method for lengthening telomeres). ZBTB10 specifically interacts with the double-stranded telomeric variant repeat sequence TTGGGG by employing its tandem C2H2 zinc fingers (ZF1-2).

Recent advances in understanding adverse effects associated with drugs targeting the serotonin receptor, 5-HT GPCR.

It has been acknowledged that more women suffer from adverse effects of drugs than men globally. A group of drugs targeting serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine] (5-HT) binding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been reported to preferentially affect women more than men, causing adverse effects such as breast cancer and infertility. 5-HT GPCR-targeted drugs in the central nervous system (CNS) manage psychiatric conditions, such as depression or bipolar and in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) treat migraines.

A genome-wide association study identifies a new variant associated with word reading fluency in Chinese children.

Reading disability exhibited defects in different cognitive domains, including word reading fluency, word reading accuracy, phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming and morphological awareness. To identify the genetic basis of Chinese reading disability, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the cognitive traits related to Chinese reading disability in 2284 unrelated Chinese children. Among the traits analyzed in the present GWAS, we detected one genome-wide significant association (p < 5 × 10 ) on word reading fluency for one SNP on 4p16.