Energy-Efficient Route Planning Method for Ships Based on Level Set.

To reduce the fuel consumption of ships' oceanic voyages, this study incorporates the influence of ocean currents into the traditional level set algorithm and proposes a route planning algorithm capable of identifying energy-efficient routes in complex and variable sea conditions. The approach introduces the influence factor of ocean current to optimize routing in dynamically changing marie environments. First, models for the energy consumption of ships and flow fields are established.

Network-wide road crash risk screening: A new framework.

Network-wide road crash risk screening is a crucial issue for road safety authorities in governing the impact of road infrastructures over road safety worldwide. Specifically, screening methods, which also enable a proactive approach (i.e.

A Multi-stage Dynamic Incentive Model for Construction Project Managers From the Perspective of Work-Family Conflict.

Objective: This study aims to design incentives for organizations to improve the work engagement of construction project managers (CPMs) when they experience work-family conflict.

Methods: Based on principal-agent theory, a multistage dynamic incentive model for CPMs' work engagement under the perspective of work-family conflict is constructed by integrating contract and reputation effect incentive mechanisms. Then MATLAB software was used to simulate the theoretical model for the arithmetic example.

Gaps in humanitarian WASH response: perspectives from people affected by crises, practitioners, global responders, and the literature.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions prevent and control disease in humanitarian response. To inform future funding and policy priorities, WASH 'gaps' were identified via 220 focus-group discussions with people affected by crises and WASH practitioners, 246 global survey respondents, and 614 documents. After extraction, 2,888 (48 per cent) gaps from direct feedback and 3,151 (52 per cent) from literature were categorised.

University Archives Autonomous Management Control System under the Internet of Things and Deep Learning Professional Certification.

The current work aims to meet the needs of the development of archives work in colleges and universities and the modernization of management to realize the standards and standardization of all aspects of archives business construction in colleges and universities, so as to improve the political and professional quality of archives cadres. First, the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology based on the Internet of things (IoT) digitizes the university archive labels. Meanwhile, the filing cabinet's intelligent security system preserves confidential files.

Predictive Control of the Mobile Robot under the Deep Long-Short Term Memory Neural Network Model.

At present, there is a phenomenon of network data packet loss in the trajectory tracking control system, which will degrade or even destabilize the system's performance. Therefore, this work first explains the theory of the deep long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network model, the kinematic model of mobile robots, and the trajectory tracking error model. The reasons for data packet loss in the control system are analyzed.

Comparative analysis on indoor and outdoor thermal comfort in transitional seasons and summer based on multiple databases: Lessons learnt from the outdoors.

In environments with similar physical parameters, thermal comfort and sensation feelings may differ indoors and outdoors. How indoor and outdoor thermal perception differ from each other remains unclear. This study compared and discussed 29,536 field survey data, including 19,191 sets of indoor data, and 10,345 sets of outdoor data, covering five Köppen climate zones during transitional seasons and summer.

Evaluation of a New Lightweight UAV-Borne Topo-Bathymetric LiDAR for Shallow Water Bathymetry and Object Detection.

Airborne LiDAR bathymetry (ALB) has proven to be an effective technology for shallow water mapping. To collect data with a high point density, a lightweight dual-wavelength LiDAR system mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) was developed. This study presents and evaluates the system using the field data acquired from a flight test in Dazhou Island, China.

Experimental investigation of standard effective temperature (SET*) adapted for human walking in an indoor and transitional thermal environment.

Thermal indices are widely used to predict the human body's thermal sensation indoors and outdoors, with standard effective temperature (SET*) being the most commonly used index. Although SET* has been well-proven in predicting indoor static thermal comfort, it has not yet proven its applicability in thermal comfort and dynamic condition assessments outdoors. Refers to verify the application of SET* in both an indoor and transitional space, experiments were conducted in the badminton hall of Guangzhou University (representing the indoor space) and the overhead floor of the experimental building of Guangzhou University (representing the transition space).

The impact of primary sedimentation on the use of iron-rich drinking water sludge on the urban wastewater system.

The impact of primary sedimentation on the multiple use of iron in an urban wastewater system was investigated. Our previous work showed that in-sewer iron-rich drinking water sludge (DWS) dosing exhibited multiple benefits in the downstream processes. However, the system studied did not include a primary settler.

A nature-inspired hydrogen-bonded supramolecular complex for selective copper ion removal from water.

Herein, we present a scalable approach for the synthesis of a hydrogen-bonded organic-inorganic framework via coordination-driven supramolecular chemistry, for efficient remediation of trace heavy metal ions from water. In particular, using copper as our model ion of interest and inspired by nature's use of histidine residues within the active sites of various copper binding proteins, we design a framework featuring pendant imidazole rings and copper-chelating salicylaldoxime, known as zinc imidazole salicylaldoxime supramolecule. This material is water-stable and exhibits unprecedented adsorption kinetics, up to 50 times faster than state-of-the-art materials for selective copper ion capture from water.

Effects of in-sewer dosing of iron-rich drinking water sludge on wastewater collection and treatment systems.

The use of coagulants and flocculants in the water and wastewater industry is predicted to increase further in the coming years. Alum is the most widely used coagulant, however, the use of ferric chloride (FeCl) is gaining popularity. Drinking water production that uses FeCl as coagulant produces waste sludge rich in iron.

The hydrogen gas bio-based economy and the production of renewable building block chemicals, food and energy.

The carrying capacity of the planet is being exceeded, and there is an urgent need to bring forward revolutionary approaches, particularly in terms of energy supply, carbon emissions and nitrogen inputs into the biosphere. Hydrogen gas, generated by means of renewable energy through water electrolysis, can be a platform molecule to drive the future bioeconomy and electrification in the 21 century. The potential to use hydrogen gas in microbial metabolic processes is highly versatile, and this opens a broad range of opportunities for novel biotechnological developments and applications.

Full-scale investigation of in-situ iron and alkalinity generation for efficient sulfide control.

Hydrogen sulfide induced corrosion of concrete sewer pipes is a major issue for wastewater utilities globally. One of the most commonly used methods to combat hydrogen sulfide is the addition of ferric chloride. While a reliable and effective method, ferric chloride is acidic causing OH&S concerns as well as alkalinity consumption in sewage.

A Robust Vision-Based Method for Displacement Measurement under Adverse Environmental Factors Using Spatio-Temporal Context Learning and Taylor Approximation.

Currently, the majority of studies on vision-based measurement have been conducted under ideal environments so that an adequate measurement performance and accuracy is ensured. However, vision-based systems may face some adverse influencing factors such as illumination change and fog interference, which can affect measurement accuracy. This paper developed a robust vision-based displacement measurement method which can handle the two common and important adverse factors given above and achieve sensitivity at the subpixel level.

Study on Tensile Properties of CFRP Plates under Elevated Temperature Exposure.

Elevated temperature exposure has a negative effect on the performance of the matrix resin in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) plates, whereas limited quantitative research focuses on the deteriorations. Therefore, 30 CFRP specimens were designed and tested under elevated temperatures (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 °C) to explore the degradations in tensile properties. The effect of temperature on the failure mode, stress-strain curve, tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation of CFRP plates were investigated.

Anode materials for sulfide oxidation in alkaline wastewater: An activity and stability performance comparison.

Electrochemical sulfide removal can be attractive as a zero-chemical-input approach for treatment of waste streams such as spent caustics coupled to caustic recovery. A key concern is possible decline in catalytic activity, due to passivation from deposited elemental sulfur (S) on the anode surface and stability limitation, due to sulfide oxidation under highly alkaline conditions. In this study, six commercially available electrode materials (Ir Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO), Ru MMO, Pt/IrOx, Pt, PbOx and TiO/IrTaO coated titanium-based electrodes) were tested to investigate the impact of the electrocatalyst on the process efficiency in terms of sulfide removal and final product of sulfide oxidation, as well as to determine the stability of the electrocatalyst under high sulfide concentrations (50 mM NaS) and high alkalinity (pH > 12).

A comprehensive laboratory assessment of the effects of sewer-dosed iron salts on wastewater treatment processes.

The effect of iron-dosing in the sewer system, on wastewater treatment processes, was investigated using laboratory-scale wastewater systems comprising sewers, wastewater treatment reactors, sludge thickeners, and anaerobic sludge digesters. Two systems, fed with real domestic wastewater, were operated for over a year. The experimental system received ferric chloride (FeCl) dosing at 10 mgFe L in the sewer reactor whereas the control system received none.

Reliability Analysis of Bond Behaviour of CFRP⁻Concrete Interface under Wet⁻Dry Cycles.

Effective bonding between adherents plays a key role in retrofitting concrete structures in civil engineering using fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs). To ensure structural safety, it is critical to develop design codes, which account for uncertainties of materials, the environment, and load, to estimate bond behaviour under long-term exposure to harsh environments. Therefore, a reliability analysis was performed to study the bond behaviour of FRP⁻concrete interface under wet⁻dry cycles and sustained loading.

Electrochemical Production of Magnetite Nanoparticles for Sulfide Control in Sewers.

Recently, naturally occurring magnetite (FeO) has emerged as a new material for sulfide control in sewers. However, unrefined magnetite could have high heavy metal contents (e.g.

The Combined Effects of Environmental Conditioning and Sustained Load on Mechanical Properties of Wet Lay-Up Fiber Reinforced Polymer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of an aggressive environment and sustained load on the mechanical properties of wet lay-up fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). A total of 390 specimens, including 234 carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) specimens and 156 glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) specimens, were exposed to freeze⁻thaw cycles, hygrothermal aging, and wet⁻dry cycles either in an unstressed state or loaded to about 30% or 60% of the initial ultimate load. Uniaxial tension tests were conducted on the samples after specific exposure time as well as on the control samples; and tensile properties were measured for each specimen.

The Arctic in the Twenty-First Century: Changing Biogeochemical Linkages across a Paraglacial Landscape of Greenland.

The Kangerlussuaq area of southwest Greenland encompasses diverse ecological, geomorphic, and climate gradients that function over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Ecosystems range from the microbial communities on the ice sheet and moisture-stressed terrestrial vegetation (and their associated herbivores) to freshwater and oligosaline lakes. These ecosystems are linked by a dynamic glacio-fluvial-aeolian geomorphic system that transports water, geological material, organic carbon and nutrients from the glacier surface to adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems.

Simultaneous use of caustic and oxygen for efficient sulfide control in sewers.

Periodic caustic shock-loading is a commonly used method for sulfide control in sewers. Caustic shock-loading relies on the elevation of the sewage pH to ≥10.5 for several hours, thereby removing sewer pipe biofilms as well as deactivating SRB activity in the remaining biofilm.

Electrochemical oxidation of iron and alkalinity generation for efficient sulfide control in sewers.

The addition of iron salts is one of the most commonly used dosing strategies for sulfide control in sewers. However, iron salts decrease the sewage pH which not only reduces the effectiveness of sulfide precipitation but also enhances the release of residual sulfide to the sewer atmosphere. Equally important, concentrated iron salt solutions are corrosive and their frequent transport, handling, and on-site storage often come with Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) concerns.

Universality of the emergent scaling in finite random binary percolation networks.

In this paper we apply lattice models of finite binary percolation networks to examine the effects of network configuration on macroscopic network responses. We consider both square and rectangular lattice structures in which bonds between nodes are randomly assigned to be either resistors or capacitors. Results show that for given network geometries, the overall normalised frequency-dependent electrical conductivities for different capacitor proportions are found to converge at a characteristic frequency.