Don't forget the : double bond isomerism radical-acetylene growth reactions affect the primary stages of PAH and soot formation.

In combustion, acetylene is a key species in molecular-weight growth reactions that form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ultimately soot particles. Radical addition to acetylene generates a vinyl radical intermediate, which has both and isomers. This isomerism can lead to profound changes in product distributions that are as yet insufficiently investigated.

Se-S bonded non-metal elementary substance heterojunction activating photoelectrochemical water splitting.

Non-metal elements are often merely regarded as electronic modulators, yet their intrinsic characteristics are frequently overlooked. Indeed, non-metal elements possess notable advantages in high-abundance, excellent hydrogen adsorption and the ability of active sites to be inversely activated, rendering them potential photoelectrochemical (PEC) materials. However, weak non-metal interbinding, susceptibility to photocorrosion, and high photogenerated carrier recombination rates hinder their practical applications.

Design and synthesis of esterase-activated fluorescent probe for diagnosis and surgical guidance of liver cancer.

Liver cancer seriously threatens the health of human beings. Studies have found that esterase is overexpressed in liver cancer cells. Therefore, esterase can be one of the biomarkers of liver cancer.

ZnO@InO Core-Shell Heterojunctions Constructed With ZIF-8 and MIL-68 (In) for Improving Photogenerated Carrier Transfer Process.

The realization of fast carrier transport can effectively enhance photocatalytic performance. A core-shell structure of ZnO and InO is successfully constructed by using MIL-68 (In) and ZIF-8 as a substrate, forming a heterojunction. This MOF-derived core-shell heterojunction inherits the advantages of ZIF-8, with pores facilitating carriers transfer to the surface for reactions and a large specific surface area providing more active sites.

Optimization of Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for In Situ Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a Micro-Air-Filtration Device Format.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has supercharged innovation in the field of molecular diagnostics and led to the exploration of systems that permit the autonomous identification of airborne infectious agents. Airborne virus detection is an emerging approach for determining exposure risk, although current methods limit intervention timeliness. Here, we explore reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays for one-pot detection of Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (SCV2) run on membrane filters suitable for micro-air-filtration of airborne viruses.

In vivo targeted-imaging of mitochondrial acidification in an aristolochic acid I-induced nephrotoxicity mouse model by a fluorescent/photoacoustic bimodal probe.

Aristolochic acid I (AAI), a natural compound in aristolochia type Chinese medicinal herb, is generally acknowledged to have nephrotoxicity, which may be associated with mitophagy. Mitophagy is a cellular process with important functions that drive AAI-induced renal injury. Mitochondrial pH is currently measured by fluorescent probes in cell culture, but existing probes do not allow for in situ imaging of AAI-induced mitophagy in vivo.

Preparation of kakkatin derivatives and their anti-tumor activity.

Background: Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that plant-derived compounds from Puerariae flos (PF) has significant biological activities against liver damage, tumors and inflammation. Kakkatin is an isoflavone polyphenolic compound isolated from PF flower. However, the effect of kakkatin and its derivatives on anti-tumor has not been well explored.

Efficient N electroreduction enabled by linear charge transfer over atomically dispersed W sites.

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) presents a sustainable alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia (NH) production. However, developing efficient catalysts for NRR and deeply elucidating their catalytic mechanism remain daunting challenges. Herein, we pioneered the successful embedding of atomically dispersed (single/dual) W atoms into V CT a self-capture method, and subsequently uncovered a quantifiable relationship between charge transfer and NRR performance.

Interplay between the Glass Transition Temperature, Analyte Diffusion, and Fluorescence Quenching for Detection of Nitro-Group Containing Explosives Using Organic Semiconducting Films.

Efficient detection of chemical analytes using fluorescence-based sensors necessitates an in-depth understanding of the physical interaction between the analyte molecules and the sensor films. This study explores the interplay between the thermal properties of a series of triphenylamine-centered fluorescent dendrimers with different glass transition temperatures () for detecting nitroaromatic explosives. When exposed to 4-nitrotoluene (pNT) vapors, biphasic diffusion kinetics were observed for all the dendrimers, corresponding to Super Case II kinetics, suggesting rapid film swelling during initial analyte uptake.

Interconnected Periodic Macroporous NaNbO for High-Efficiency Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Highly ordered periodic macroporous structures have been extensively utilized to significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity. However, constructing 3D interconnected ordered porous ternary nanostructures with highly crystalline frameworks remains a formidable challenge. Here, we introduce the design and fabrication of 3D interconnected periodic macroporous NaNbO (PM NaNbO) to effectively increase the density of surface-active sites and optimize the photogenerated carrier-transfer efficiency.

Advances in long-read single-cell transcriptomics.

Long-read single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-Seq) is revolutionizing the way we profile heterogeneity in disease. Traditional short-read scRNA-Seq methods are limited in their ability to provide complete transcript coverage, resolve isoforms, and identify novel transcripts. The scRNA-Seq protocols developed for long-read sequencing platforms overcome these limitations by enabling the characterization of full-length transcripts.

Observation of Solvent-Dependence in the Mechanism of Neutral-Catalyzed Isomerization of -Aminobenzoic Acid Protomers.

Proton-transfer reactions are commonplace during electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry experiments and are often responsible for imparting charge to analyte molecules. Multiple protonation-site isomers (protomers) can arise for polyfunctional molecules and these isomers can interconvert via solvent-mediated proton transfer reactions during various stages of the ESI process. Studying the populations and interconversion of protonation isomers provides key insight into the ESI process, ion-molecule interactions, and ion dissociation mechanisms.

The solubility product controls the rate of calcite dissolution in pure water and seawater.

Quantification of calcite dissolution underpins climate and oceanographic modelling. We report the factors controlling the rate at which individual crystals of calcite dissolved. Clear, generic criteria based on the change of calcite particle dimensions measured microscopically with time are established to indicate if dissolution occurs under kinetic or thermodynamic control.

Exploiting 3-Oxidopyraziniums toward Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and Their Conversion into Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes and Tricyclic Lactone-Lactams.

3-Oxidopyraziniums are azomethine ylides derived from 2(1)-pyrazinones that can undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with acrylate and acrylic acid derivatives. The cycloaddition of 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5,6-dimethyl-3-oxidopyrazinium with methyl and -butyl acrylate and with methyl crotonate afforded a 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.

Hierarchically Periodic Macroporous Niobium Oxide Architecture for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution.

The fabrication of periodic macroporous (PM) in NbO via morphological control is crucial for improving the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency. In this study, NbO with PM is synthesized using a straightforward colloidal crystal templating approach. This material features an open, interconnected macroporous architecture with nanoscale walls, high crystallinity, and substantial porosity.

Targeting Src SH3 domain-mediated glycolysis of HSC suppresses transcriptome, myofibroblastic activation, and colorectal liver metastasis.

Background And Aims: Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) induces HSC activation into metastasis-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), but how the process is fueled remains incompletely understood. We studied metabolic reprogramming induced by TGFβ1 in HSCs.

Approaches And Results: Activation of cultured primary human HSCs was assessed by the expression of myofibroblast markers.

Engineering band structuring dual atom modification for an efficient photoanode.

Efficient carrier separation is important for improving photoelectrochemical water splitting. Here, the morphology modification and band structure engineering of TaN are accomplished by doping it with Cu and Zr using a two-step method for the first time. The initially interstitially-doped Cu atoms act as anchors to interact with subsequently doped Zr atoms under the influence of differences in electronegativity.

HTLV-1 reverse transcriptase homology model provides structural basis for sensitivity to existing nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects millions of people globally and is endemic to various resource-limited regions. Infections persist for life and are associated with increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and severe diseases including adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis. No HTLV-1-specific anti-retrovirals have been developed and it is unclear whether existing anti-retrovirals developed for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have efficacy against HTLV-1.

Transition-Metal-Free Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2,5-Diaryl Furans: Access to Medicinal Building Blocks and Optoelectronic Materials.

The direct transformation of 1,3-dienes into valuable 2,5-diarylfurans using transition-metal-free conditions is presented. By employing a simple oxidation─dehydration sequence on readily accessible 1,3-dienes, important 2,5-diarylfuran building blocks frequently used in medicinal and material chemistry are prepared. The oxidation step is realized using singlet oxygen, and the intermediate endoperoxide is dehydrated under metal-free conditions and at ambient temperature using the Appel reagent.

Bimetallic synergistic catalysts based on two-dimensional carbon-rich conjugated frameworks for nitrate electrocatalytic reduction to ammonia: catalyst screening and mechanism insights.

The discovery of the 'two birds, one stone' electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NORR) allows for the removal of harmful NOpollutants as well as the production of economically beneficial ammonia (NH). However, current understanding of the catalytic mechanism of NORR is not enough, and this research is still challenging. To determine the mechanism needed to create efficient electrocatalysts, we thoroughly examined the catalytic activity of molybdenum-based diatomic catalysts (DACs) anchored on two-dimensional carbon-rich conjugated frameworks (2D CCFs) for NORR.

Sn Bulk Phase Doping and Surface Modification on Ti O for Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide.

Developing stable and highly selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) electrocatalysts for producing hydrogen peroxide (H O ) is considered a major challenge to replace the anthraquinone process and achieve a sustainable green economy. Here, we doped Sn into Ti O (D-Sn-Ti O ) by simple polymerization post-calcination method as a high-efficiency 2e ORR electrocatalyst. In addition, we also applied plain calcination after the grinding method to load Sn on Ti O (L-Sn-Ti O ) as a comparison.