A Structurally Simple Polymer Donor Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Minimal Energy Losses.

Energy loss (Eloss) between optical energy gap (Eg) and open-circuit voltage (eVoc) sets efficiency upper limits for organic solar cells (OSCs). Nevertheless, further breaking the limit of Eloss in OSCs is challenging, especially via structurally simple materials in binary OSCs. Herein, a structurally simple non-halogenated polymer donor, namely PBDCT, is developed for realizing high-efficiency OSCs with record-breaking Eloss.

detachment from linoleum surface: influence of liquid flow rate and cleaner type.

The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of surface cleaner type and hydrodynamic flow on bacterial detachment. For that purpose, a new liquid flow chamber was constructed and applied. In experiments, was grown on linoleum surfaces that are used in health care institutions.

Altered diversity and composition of gut microbiota in Korean children with food allergy.

Background: This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiome and identify individual and grouped gut microbes associated with food allergy (FA) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from children with IgE-mediated FA and from sex- and age-matched controls. The V3-V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene of the gut microbiome were profiled using next-generation sequencing (Illumina, USA).

Identification and mechanism analysis of biomarkers related to butyrate metabolism in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Butyrate may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and affect the development of COVID-19. However, there have been no systematic comprehensive analyses of the role of butyrate metabolism-related genes (BMRGs) in COVID-19.

Methods: We performed differential expression analysis of BMRGs in the brain, liver and pancreas of COVID-19 patients and controls in GSE157852 and GSE151803.

Metal-Free Electrochemical C-H Chlorination of Terminal Alkanes.

Although research on the activation of C-H bonds in alkanes has been ongoing for decades, there are still few strategies that are both highly selective and suitable for industrial production. Here, we report a highly selective method for chlorination of terminal C-H bonds in alkanes by combining electrochemistry and organocatalysis. The specific cavity size of organic molecular catalysts ensures high regioselectivity, while the use of inexpensive and easily reusable graphite felt electrodes, simple electrochemical device and mild conditions enables the reaction to maintain good efficiency even when scaled up to kilogram level production.

Oral SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Risk for Long Covid.

SARS-CoV-2 is an oral pathogen that infects and replicates in mucosal and salivary epithelial cells, contributing to oral post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC) and other oral and non-oral pathologies. While pre-existing inflammatory oral diseases provides a conducive environment for the virus, acute infection and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 can also results in oral microbiome dysbiosis that further worsens poor oral mucosal health. Indeed, oral PASC includes periodontal diseases, dysgeusia, xerostomia, pharyngitis, oral keratoses, and pulpitis suggesting significant bacterial contributions to SARS-CoV-2 and oral tissue tropism.

Impact of intrarenal arterial lesions on prognosis of IgA nephropathy: insights from a retrospective cohort study.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) presents a challenging spectrum of outcomes, often complicated by intrarenal arterial/arteriolar lesions (IALs) in affected individuals. Despite their clinical relevance, existing criteria for classifying and assessing the severity of these lesions remain undefined. This study aimed to establish semi-quantitative assessment criteria for grading IALs and to evaluate their prognostic significance in patients with IgAN.

Test-Retest Reliability of Mismatch Negativity and Late Discriminative Negativity Response in Children With Listening Difficulties.

The aim of the study was to determine the test-retest reliability of MMN and LDN recorded to simple speech contrasts in children with listening difficulties. MMN and LDN responses were recorded from Fz and Cz electrodes for a /da/-/ga/ contrast twice within a 10-day period. To extract MMN and LDN, auditory-evoked responses to /ga/ stimuli presented alone were subtracted from the responses to /ga/ presented within an oddball sequence.

The Mental Well-Being of Graduate Students in Canada: A Scoping Review.

To review the literature exploring the mental health of graduate students in Canada. Data Source: Articles identified in EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Medline, Sociological Abstracts, Nursing and Allied Health, and ERIC.Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:Two independent reviewers screened articles that: (1) focused on graduate students' mental wellbeing; (2) used empirical study designs (3) were published in English; (4) were conducted in Canada.

Unveiling the Pathogenic Role of Novel CPLANE1 Compound Heterozygous Variants in Joubert Syndrome: Insights Into mRNA Stability and NMD Pathway.

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder associated with mutations in genes involved in ciliary function. Germline variants in CPLANE1 have been implicated in JS. In this study, we investigated a family with three adverse pregnancies characterised by fetal malformations consistent with JS.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with family history of chronic airway disease.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition with different risk factors, including family history. This study aimed to explore association between a family history of chronic airway disease and features and outcomes of COPD.

Methods: Participants were obtained from the RealDTC study between December 2016 and December 2022.

Adrenomedullin Inhibits the Efficacy of Combined Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Biliary Tract Cancer by Disrupting Endothelial Cell Functions.

The global incidence of biliary tract cancer (BTC) is on the rise, presenting a substantial healthcare challenge. The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with molecularly targeted therapies is emerging as a strategy to enhance immune responses. However, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of these treatments in BTC are still largely unexplored.

Dynamic prediction and quantitative assessment of carbon emissions from animal husbandry: A case study of inner mongolia autonomous region, China.

Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions, has emerged as a pressing global ecological and environmental challenge. Our study is dedicated to exploring the various factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions from animal husbandry and predicting their future trends. To this end, we have analyzed data from China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region spanning from 1978 to 2022, aiming to estimate the carbon emissions associated with animal husbandry in the region.

Measured resting energy expenditure and predicted resting energy expenditure based on ASPEN critical care guidelines for nutrition support: An agreement study.

Background: Predictive equations often inaccurately estimate energy needs in critically ill patients. This study evaluated the level of agreement between resting energy expenditure using 12 and 25 kcal/kg as recommended by the 2021 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition critical care guidelines for nutrition support and energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry in patients in the intensive care unit.

Methods: An agreement study was conducted on mechanically ventilated adults who had a documented measured energy expenditure within 10 days of intensive care unit admission.

Decoding Alzheimer's Disease With Depression: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Target.

The purpose of this study was to recognise predictive biomarkers and explore the promising therapeutic targets of AD with depression. We confirmed a positive correlation between AD and depression through MR Analysis. Through WGCNA analysis, we identified 1569 genes containing two modules, which were most related to AD.

Single-Atom Catalysts Boosted Electrochemiluminescence.

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) combines electrochemical redox processes with photochemical light emission, offering exceptional sensitivity, spatial control, and stability. Widely applied in biosensing, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring, its efficiency often depends on advanced catalytic materials. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), featuring isolated metal atoms dispersed on a support, have emerged as promising candidates due to their unique electronic structures, high atom utilization, and tunable catalytic properties.

Regulating the Crystallization and Morphology of PbI Precursor Films for the Growth of High-Quality Perovskite Films via Vapor-Solid Reaction.

Developing vapor-solid reaction methods to prepare organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite thin films is highly compatible with processes in crystalline silicon solar cells and the thin-film photovoltaic industries, facilitating rapid industrialization. In the vapor-solid reaction, the crystallization quality of perovskite thin films is widely influenced by the crystallinity and microstructure of lead iodide (PbI) precursor films. During the thermal evaporation process of preparing the PbI precursor films, we observed that PbI tends to develop a disordered surface morphology and exhibits high crystallinity, which significantly hinders the uniform diffusion of the organic amine salt vapor during the subsequent vapor-solid reaction.

Comparison of Early Functional Recovery Following Triportal Robot-Assisted and Uniportal Video-Assisted Segmentectomy in Patients With Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background: Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) is more precise and flexible than video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. This study compared the early postoperative functional recovery of patients who underwent triportal RATS with that of patients who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery (UVATS) for segmentectomy.

Methods: This observational, prospective study included 172 patients with clinical stage I or II peripheral NSCLC who underwent RATS or UVATS segmentectomy.

Photocatalyzed Three-Component Difluoroalkyl-Halogenation of Electron-Deficient Alkenes via a Halogen α-Nucleophilic Addition.

Here,we disclose a halogen α-nucleophilic addition via photocatalytic oxidation of the in-situ generated α-carbonyl radical of amides or esters to corresponding α-carbonyl cation. The α-carbon radical is generated by the β-addition of difluoroalkyl radical, formed by the photocatalytic reduction of BrCF2CO2R, to the α,β-unsaturated amides/esters. This umpolung strategy enables an efficient three-component difluoroalkyl-halogenation of α,β-unsaturated amides or esters with BrCF2CO2R and Cl/F-nucleophiles to produce diverse biologically important CF2-containing α-halo-1,5-dicarboxylic derivatives under mild conditions.

Photoinduced Dynamics of [N(C3H7)4]2Cu4Br6 Thin Films with Dual Self-Trapped Exciton Emission and Negative Thermal Quenching.

Organic-inorganic halocuprates(I) form a promising class of light-emitting materials with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. However, the understanding of their emission properties and the PL mechanism is still limited. Here, we investigate thin films of bis(tetrapropylammonium) hexa-µ-bromo-tetrahedro-tetracuprate(I), [N(C3H7)4]2[Cu4Br6], which has a zero-dimensional (0D) molecular salt structure containing [Cu4Br6]2- ions.

Biomimetic Localized Gel Electrolyte for Practical Zinc Anode.

Incompatible electrode/electrolyte interface often leads to dendrite growth, parasitic reactions and corrosion, posing significant challenges to the application of Zn anodes. Herein, we introduce a biomimetic antifreeze protein localized gel electrolyte (ALGE) with multifunctional capabilities to address these issues by combining electrolyte modification with interface optimization. ALGE modifies the Zn2+ solvation structure and the hydrogen-bond network adjacent to zinc anode, effectively suppressing hydrogen evolution.

Boron in My Mind: A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of the Diverse Syntheses of 4-Borono-l-Phenylalanine, the Leading Agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) leverages the nuclear reaction between boron-10 and thermal neutrons to selectively destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This therapy has found use in treating glioblastoma, which as a brain cancer, is difficult to treat using conventional radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy due to location and the risk of brain damage. However, to work, the cells must contain 10B.

Insight into the Specific Adsorption of Cu(II) by a Zinc-Based Metal-Organic Framework Mediated via a Proton-Exchange Mechanism.

In the context of scarce metal resources, the one-step separation and recovery of high-value copper metal ions from secondary resources is of significant importance and presents substantial challenges. This study identified a Zn-based triazole MOF (Zn(tr)(OAc)) with accessible and noncoordinated terminal hydroxyl groups within its framework. The Zn(tr)(OAc) surpasses most currently reported Cu-specific MOF adsorbents regarding adsorption capacity and Cu selectivity.

Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians.

Background: Despite the high prevalence of mental stress among physicians, reliable screening tools are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of the Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) in identifying distress and adverse consequences among Chinese physicians.

Methods: This cross-sectional online survey recruited 2803 physicians from Southern Mainland China snowball sampling between October and December 2020.