Molecular and Serological Surveillance for and in Wild Red Squirrels () from Scotland and Northern England.

Leprosy is a poverty-associated infectious disease in humans caused by or , often resulting in skin and peripheral nerve damage, which remains a significant public health concern in isolated areas of low- and middle-income countries. Previous studies reported leprosy in red squirrels in the British Isles, despite the fact that autochthonous human cases have been absent for centuries in this region. To investigate the extent of and presence in wild red squirrels in the northern UK, we analyzed 220 blood/body cavity fluid samples from opportunistically sampled red squirrels (2004-2023) for specific antibodies against phenolic glycolipid-I, a cell wall component specific for these leprosy bacilli.

Diagnostic yield of percutaneous, ultrasound-guided, fine needle aspirates of the gastrointestinal wall: a retrospective analysis of 152 samples.

Objectives: The aim was to assess the technical success of percutaneous ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirates of gastrointestinal wall lesions and evaluate predictors of success. Secondary aims included comparing the cytological diagnosis with histopathology, evaluating the utility of concurrent locoregional lymph node cytology and assessing the procedure's complication rate.

Material And Methods: Gastrointestinal wall cytology from 75 dogs and 70 cats obtained between 2018 and 2023 were reviewed and categorised as successful (resulting in a diagnostic cytology report) and accurate (resulting in the correct diagnosis when compared to histopathology).

Special Issue "Cancer Biomarker Research and Personalized Medicine 2.0".

In 2022, there was an estimated incidence of 20 million cancer cases and 9 [...

One-Year Outcome of an Ongoing Pre-Clinical Growing Animal Model for a Tissue-Engineered Valved Pulmonary Conduit.

: A self-constructed valved pulmonary conduit made out of a de-cellularized porcine small intestinal submucosal extracellular matrix biological scaffold was tested in a chronic growing lamb model. : The conduit was implanted in pulmonary valve position in 19 lambs. We monitored clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings until 12 months after surgery.

Feed balances for ruminant livestock: gridded estimates for data-constrained regions.

Demand for animal-source foods and livestock feed are forecast to increase across sub-Saharan Africa. In this context, there is a need to estimate the availability of livestock feed to support decision-making at local, sub-national and national levels. In this study, we assess feed balances for ruminant livestock in Ethiopia and Burkina Faso.

A Computed Tomographic Study of the Molar Teeth of spp.

A photographic and computed tomography (CT) scanning study was carried out on 295 molar teeth of 18 adult male skulls and 8 skulls of including seven adult males and one adult female. The occlusal morphology of the permanent maxillary and mandibular molar teeth of was very similar to that of . Most maxillary molar teeth had six roots, with small numbers of teeth having four, five or seven roots.

Mobility, functionality and functional mobility: A review and application for canine veterinary patients.

Mobility is an essential aspect of a dog's daily life. It is defined as the ability to move freely and easily and deviations from an animals' normal mobility capabilities are often an indicator of disease, injury or pain. When a dog's mobility is compromised, often functionality (ability to perform activities of daily living [ADL]), is also impeded, which can diminish an animal's quality of life.

Clinical findings, treatment and outcome of trapped neutrophil syndrome in Border Collies: 12 cases (2011-2022).

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment administered and short- (survival to 28 days) and long-term prognosis (survival >6 months) in dogs diagnosed with trapped neutrophil syndrome.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 12 dogs (10 Border Collies and two Border Collie Crossbreeds) homozygous for VPS13B gene mutation causing trapped neutrophil syndrome from seven veterinary institutions between January 2011 and June 2022 were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: The most common clinical signs at the time of diagnosis were pyrexia, abnormal gait and gastrointestinal signs.

Histopathological diagnosis and surgical complications following bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of unilateral canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma: 35 cases (2019-2023).

Objectives: To report the histopathological diagnosis of both anal sacs in dogs undergoing bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of unilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma and to compare the surgical complication rate associated with this procedure in this population with previously published literature.

Materials And Methods: Records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that underwent bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of apparently unilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, at a single institute between 2019 and 2023. Clinical staging, surgical treatment, histological findings, intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated.

Immune interactions and heterogeneity in transmission drives the pathogen-mediated invasion of grey squirrels in the UK.

Mathematical models highlighted the importance of pathogen-mediated invasion, with the replacement of red squirrels by squirrelpox virus (SQPV) carrying grey squirrels in the UK, a well-known example. In this study, we combine new epidemiological models, with a range of infection characteristics, with recent longitudinal field and experimental studies on the SQPV dynamics in red and grey squirrel populations to better infer the mechanistic basis of the disease interaction. A key finding is that a model with either partial immunity or waning immunity and reinfection, where individuals become seropositive on the second exposure to infection, that up to now has been shown in experimental data only, can capture the key aspects of the field study observations.

Prevalence, clinical presentation, and etiology of myelopathies in 224 juvenile dogs.

Background: Intervertebral disc herniation is widely recognized as the most common cause of myelopathy in dogs older than 2 years; however, the prevalence of various causes of myelopathy in younger dogs has not been reported.

Hypothesis/objectives: To describe the prevalence, clinical presentation, and etiology of myelopathy in dogs aged 18 months or less. Secondarily, to investigate which clinical features were associated with each of the most common etiologies.

Pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholinesterase improves the locomotion defective phenotype of a SCA3 model.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a common used treatment option for Alzheimer's disease. However, there has been limited research on the potential use of AChE inhibitors for the treatment of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)/Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 (SCA3), in spite of the positive results using AChE inhibitors in patients with other inherited ataxias. MJD/SCA3, the most common form of dominant Spinocerebellar Ataxia worldwide, is caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine tract within the ataxin-3 protein, and is characterized by motor impairments.

Worldviews, values and perspectives towards the future of the livestock sector.

The livestock sector is under increasing pressure to respond to numerous sustainability and health challenges related to the production and consumption of livestock products. However, political and market barriers and conflicting worldviews and values across the environmental, socio-economic and political domains have led to considerable sector inertia, and government inaction. The processes that lead to the formulation of perspectives in this space, and that shape action (or inaction), are currently under-researched.

Transdisciplinary approaches to addressing factors that influence antimicrobial use in dairy cattle: A scoping review.

Interest in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with livestock farming is increasing. During the 1990s, 30-40 academic papers a year on the use of antibiotics in dairy farming were indexed on the scientific database PubMed, but this has grown to more than 200 a year in the 2020s. Most (85%) of these papers are published in veterinary or livestock science journals.

Investigating the perceived versus actual gastrointestinal nematode challenge on extensive sheep farms.

Extensive farming systems form an integral part of sheep production systems across Europe. However, with innate production handicaps, declining sheep numbers and narrow economic margins, production is becoming increasingly challenging threatening the future sustainability of the industry. Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a significant cause of production losses to the global sheep industry, with well-established resistance to the major anthelmintic groups.

Efficacy and tolerance of oral versus parenteral cyanocobalamin supplement in hypocobalaminaemic dogs with chronic enteropathy: a controlled randomised open-label trial.

Objectives: Determine comparative tolerance of daily oral and weekly parenteral cobalamin supplementation, in hypocobalaminaemic dogs with chronic enteropathy. Determine whether oral is as effective as parenteral supplementation at achieving eucobalaminaemia, in hypocobalaminaemic dogs with protein-losing enteropathy, severe hypocobalaminaemia or high canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index at inclusion.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-seven client-owned dogs with hypocobalaminaemia and clinical signs of chronic enteropathy were prospectively enrolled in three UK referral centres.

A retrospective study of hydrocortisone continuous rate infusion compared with administration of dexamethasone boluses in dogs with adrenal crisis.

Background: Evidence indicating the optimal treatment protocol for dogs in adrenal crisis is lacking.

Objectives: Compare outcomes of dogs presented in adrenal crisis treated with either hydrocortisone (HC) continuous rate infusion (CRI) or intermittent dexamethasone (DEX) administration.

Animals: Thirty-nine client-owned dogs.

Candidate circulating microRNA biomarkers in dogs with chronic pancreatitis.

Background: Pancreatitis is an important cause of disease and death in dogs. Available circulating biomarkers are not sufficiently sensitive and specific for a definitive diagnosis.

Hypothesis: Circulating microRNAs would be differentially expressed in dogs with chronic pancreatitis and could have potential as diagnostic biomarkers.

The effect of oral administration of zeolite on the energy metabolism and reproductive health of Romanian spotted breed in advanced gestation and post partum period.

The dairy cow experiences the most significant impact from negative energy balance during this period, which adversely affects reproductive health. Consequently, most pathologies affect dairy cows during this time frame. Thus, with the primary objective of reducing the incidence of these pathologies on dairy farms, we questioned whether supplemental zeolite administration in cattle feed would affect metabolism and reproductive health.

Development and Preliminary Validation of an Equine Brief Pain Inventory for Owner Assessment of Chronic Pain Due to Osteoarthritis in Horses.

An owner-completed questionnaire was designed to monitor the level of chronic pain and impact on quality of life in horses with osteoarthritis (OA). A standardized approach to develop and validate subjective-state scales for clinical use was followed. Scale items were generated through literature review, focus group meetings, and expert panel evaluation.