Pulse oximetry in pediatric care: Balancing advantages and limitations.

Background: Pulse oximetry has become a cornerstone technology in healthcare, providing non-invasive monitoring of oxygen saturation levels and pulse rate. Despite its widespread use, the technology has inherent limitations and challenges that must be addressed to ensure accurate and reliable patient care.

Aim: To comprehensively evaluate the advantages, limitations, and challenges of pulse oximetry in clinical practice, as well as to propose recommendations for optimizing its use.

Decoding the genetic landscape of autism: A comprehensive review.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms and genetic underpinnings. Recent advancements in genetic and epigenetic research have provided insights into the intricate mechanisms contributing to ASD, influencing both diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

Aim: To explore the genetic architecture of ASD, elucidate mechanistic insights into genetic mutations, and examine gene-environment interactions.

Nutritional Ketosis as a Therapeutic Approach in Critical Illness: A Systematic Review.

Critical illness encompasses the dysfunction of vital organs, the risk of death, and potential reversibility; it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The pathophysiology underlying many critical illnesses includes bioenergetic failure, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This systematic review aims to explore the use of nutritional ketosis (ketogenic feeds and exogenous ketone body administration) as a potential therapy, affecting the aforementioned pathways in patients with critical illnesses.

Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases: Pros and cons.

Background: Fecal calprotectin is a valuable biomarker for assessing intestinal inflammation in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases. However, its role, pros, and cons in various conditions must be comprehensively elucidated.

Aim: To explore the role of fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases, including its advantages and limitations.

Microphallus early management in infancy saves adulthood sensual life: A ‎‎comprehensive review.

Microphallus/Micropenis is a rare condition with significant physical and psychological implications for affected individuals. This article comprehensively reviews micropenis, its etiology, epidemiology, and various treatment options. We conducted a thorough literature review to collect relevant information on micropenis and microphallus, as well as related disorders.

Metabolomic changes in children with autism.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Metabolomic profiling has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the underlying metabolic dysregulations associated with ASD.

Aim: To comprehensively explore metabolomic changes in children with ASD, integrating findings from various research articles, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, editorials, and a book chapter.

Gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional ‎infant formula: A systematic review.

Background: Infants' nutrition significantly influences their growth, development, and overall well-being. With the increasing demand for organic infant formula driven by the perception of health benefits and growing awareness of natural feeding options, it is crucial to conduct a comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability between organic and traditional infant formulas.

Aim: To provide a concise and precise analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant formula.

Renal calcification in children with renal tubular acidosis: What a paediatrician ‎should ‎know‎.

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) can lead to renal calcification in children, which can cause various complications and impair renal function. This review provides pediatricians with a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between RTA and renal calcification, highlighting essential aspects for clinical management. The article analyzed relevant studies to explore the prevalence, risk factors, underlying mechanisms, and clinical implications of renal calcification in children with RTA.

Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder.

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or autism are more prone to gastrointestinal (GI) disorders than the general population. These disorders can significantly affect their health, learning, and development due to various factors such as genetics, environment, and behavior. The causes of GI disorders in children with ASD can include gut dysbiosis, immune dysfunction, food sensitivities, digestive enzyme deficiencies, and sensory processing differences.

Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous, multi-factorial, neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay. Infection is a significant trigger of autism, especially during the critical developmental period. There is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of ASD.

May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?

There has been an increasing number of reported cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in previously healthy children since first reported on March 31, 2022. This clinical syndrome is identified by jaundice and markedly elevated liver enzymes with increased aspartate transaminase and/or alanine aminotransaminase (greater than 500 IU/L). We conducted an inclusive literature review with respect to acute hepatitis outbreaks in children using the search terms acute hepatitis, outbreak, children, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and adenovirus.

Insulin pumps in children - a systematic review.

Background: Insulin pump therapy is a real breakthrough in managing diabetes Mellitus, particularly in children. It can deliver a tiny amount of insulin and decreases the need for frequent needle injections. It also helps to maintain adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.

Cow's milk-induced gastrointestinal disorders: From infancy to adulthood.

Milk is related to many gastrointestinal disorders from the cradle to the grave due to the many milk ingredients that can trigger gastrointestinal discomfort and disorders. Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy, especially in infancy and childhood, which may persist into adulthood. There are three main types of CMPA; immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated CMPA, non-IgE-mediated CMPA, and mixed type.

Distal Femoral Oblique Fracture in a Young Male Soldier: Case Report of an Unusual Presentation.

Here, we report a case of a distal femoral fracture in a 23-year-old male army cadet who presented to the Accident and Emergency department following a twisting injury while participating in a routine military marching exercise. A pathological fracture was considered but this suspicion was put to rest following thorough investigations, leaving only a diagnosis of a nontraumatic spontaneous femoral fracture.To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of distal femoral fractures associated with nontraumatic military exercises, with the majority of injuries instead related to stress fractures.