Long-Term Results After Salter Innominate Osteotomy for the Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip-Only 8% Rate of Total Hip Arthroplasty at a Median Follow-Up of 22 Years.

Background/objectives: The redirection or reshaping of the acetabulum might be warranted to attain a concentric and stable hip in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of this study is to assess the late clinical and radiological results, and to determine the number of patients requiring secondary surgery or a total hip arthroplasty at a long-term follow-up.

Methods: Our institution performed 99 Salter osteotomies on 76 patients without underlying neuromuscular conditions over a 21-year period, from 1981 to 2002.

Multi-stakeholder perspectives into the experiences of siblings when a child is critically ill: A qualitative systematic review.

Objectives: A child's critical illness and admission to intensive care can have significant short- and long-term impacts for the parents and hospitalized child. While experiences of parents have been explored, the impact on siblings remains unclear. The aim was to systematically review and synthesize qualitative research exploring the experiences of siblings when a child is critically ill, from the perspectives of siblings and relevant key stakeholders.

Tranexamic acid in hip and spine surgery for children with cerebral palsy - a PRISMA-compliant scoping review.

Many children with cerebral palsy (CP) are frail and require major hip and/or spine surgeries associated with substantial blood loss. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly used to reduce blood loss, but there is uncertainty around the optimal dose and timing of administration. There have been reviews in sub-populations and specific dosing regimens, but a broad overview of the available literature is lacking.

Hemostatic Outcome Definitions in Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Challenges in Cohorts From Rotterdam (2019-2023) and Melbourne (2016-2022).

Objectives: To determine if a priori standardization of outcome hemostatic definitions alone was adequate to enable useful comparison between two cohorts of pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients, managed according to local practice and protocol.

Design: Comparison of two separate prospective cohort studies performed at different centers with standardized outcome definitions agreed upon a priori.

Setting: General and cardiac PICUs at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) in Melbourne, Australia, and the Sophia Children's Hospital (SCH) in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Allergen Specific IgE is a Stronger Predictor of Remission Following Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Than Age in Children Aged 1-10 Years.

Background: Remission is the desired outcome following OIT as it allows individuals to discontinue treatment and eat the allergen freely. Early initiation of OIT in infants and toddlers has been embraced as an approach to increase the likelihood of remission. However, there is no high-quality evidence supporting younger age as an independent factor driving remission; available studies are limited by small samples of younger subjects and lack of adjustment for confounding covariates, particularly peanut-specific IgE (sIgE) levels which is closely correlated with age.

Health-related Quality of Life in children and adolescents treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), compared with healthy peers: a longitudinal study of early survivorship.

Purpose: Survival for childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) has surpassed 90%, making quality of survival an important endpoint in treatment outcomes. This study examined health-related quality of life (HRQoL) trajectories in early survivorship for patients post-ALL treatment compared with a matched group of healthy peers, and explored the association of individual factors (age, sex) and treatment intensity with HRQoL outcomes.

Methods: Eighty-three paediatric patients aged 4-16 years who recently completed treatment for ALL were recruited to the study, alongside 53 age- and sex-matched healthy children.

Establishing the Research Priorities of ADHD Professionals: An International Delphi Study.

Objectives: To determine ADHD research priorities from the perspective of ADHD professionals internationally.

Method: A two-stage modified Delphi design was used. In Stage 1 (qualitative), participants listed research questions relating to ADHD that they perceived to be most important ( = 132).

A national Australian Congenital Heart Disease registry; methods and initial results.

Background: Although several National Data Registries for Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) exist, few are comprehensive and contemporary. A National Australian CHD Registry has been developed that aims to redress this by creating the first comprehensive data collection for CHD children and adults, initially across Australia.

Methods: We defined and collected a minimum dataset of demographics, diagnoses, and procedures from people with CHD presenting at participating quaternary CHD services Australia-wide.

The use of antibiotics in the management of odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents: A scoping review.

Objectives: To identify evidence and guidelines relating to the use of antibiotics in the management of odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents.

Data: Articles relating to odontogenic facial swellings in children and adolescents aged 0-16 years were included. Articles in which paediatric data could not be differentiated from adult data or where the age of participants were unknown were excluded.

"FBT Is for the Rich": A Qualitative Study Examining Clinicians' Experiences and Perceptions of Treatment Access and Engagement for Diverse Families in Family-Based Treatment.

Objective: Family-based treatment (FBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for adolescent eating disorders, but research exploring access and engagement in FBT is sparse. This paper focuses on findings from a broader study, specifically addressing the social determinants of health (SDH) impeding access and engagement in FBT for diverse families (i.e.

Systematic review of the impact of intestinal microbiota on vaccine responses.

The intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in host immunity and might contribute to the significant variation between individuals' vaccine responses. A systematic search was done using MEDLINE and Embase to identify original human studies investigating the association between intestinal microbiota composition and humoral and cellular vaccine responses. In total, 30 publications (26 studies, 14 in infants, 12 in adults), were included.

Identifying Paediatric Populations with Increased Risk for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Acute and Critical Care Settings: A Scoping Review.

Dysphagia is common in hospitalised children. Clarity regarding its prevalence is required to direct service needs. This review reports oropharyngeal dysphagia prevalence in children admitted to acute and/or critical care, following acute illness, medical or surgical intervention.

Radiographic and visual response to the type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in children with relapsed/refractory optic pathway glioma in the FIREFLY-1 trial.

Background: Due to their anatomical locations, optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) can rarely be cured by resection. Given the importance of preserving visual function, we analyzed radiological and visual acuity (VA) outcomes for the type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in the OPG subgroup of the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial.

Methods: FIREFLY-1 investigated the efficacy (arm 1, n=77), safety, and tolerability (arms 1/2) of tovorafenib (420 mg/m2 once weekly; 600 mg maximum) in patients with BRAF-altered relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG).

Chemical eye injury in remote and urgent care clinic settings.

Background: Chemical eye injuries are potentially sight-threatening injuries, representing 10-22% of all ocular trauma presentations. Prompt assessment and management of chemical eye injuries in general practice and urgent care clinic settings can prevent patients from losing vision.

Objective: This article presents a clinically useful guide for general practitioners to support the primary management of chemical-related eye injuries, particularly in rural and regional settings.

Patient-reported outcomes of Children with an Anorectal Malformation.

Objective: We aimed to study the impact of anorectal malformation (ARM) type and sacral ratio on continence outcomes in children. We secondarily aimed to compare continence outcomes by age group and determine quality of life (QoL) with different bowel regimens.

Summary Background Data: Children with ARM experience dysfunctional stooling into adulthood.

The association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and adverse long-term health outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed drugs during pregnancy. The long-term health risks to children associated with prenatal antibiotic exposure are uncertain.

Objective: To identify the association between prenatal antibiotics and adverse long-term health outcomes in children.

Is COVID-19 infection during pregnancy a risk for congenital hearing loss?

Objective: Infections during pregnancy can increase the risk of congenital hearing loss. This population-based study investigated the effect of birthing parent COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on risk of congenital hearing loss in infants.

Methods: Records of infants born in 2022 were reviewed via a retrospective clinical audit of a universal state-wide newborn hearing screening program in Victoria, Australia.

Experiences of participation in daily life of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: A scoping review.

Aim: To synthesize the experiences of 15- to 34-year-olds with cerebral palsy (CP) as they participate in key life situations of young adulthood.

Method: A mixed-methods scoping review was undertaken and six electronic databases searched (January 2001 to August 2023). Participation foci and thematic outcomes were mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Missing and dismissing the impact of periods. Outcomes of focus groups of teens with period concerns.

Background: Despite a high prevalence, menstrual issues are often normalised or trivialised and undermanaged in young people (YP). Uncontrolled dysmenorrhoea and heavy menstrual bleeding have a vastly negative impact on the quality of life of YP, especially when these issues are compounded by the social and emotional complexities of navigating adolescence.

Objectives: The Longitudinal Study of Teens with Endometriosis, Period and Pelvic Pain (LongSTEPPP) project is a 5-year study aiming to understand factors that contribute to endometriosis, period and pelvic pain in YP and to examine long-term outcomes.

Implementation of negative pressure for acute pediatric burns (INPREP): A stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: Acute application of adjunctive negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) significantly improves time to re-epithelialization in pediatric burn patients. This adjunctive treatment has not yet been broadly or routinely adopted as a standard primary burns dressing strategy. The Implementation of Negative PRessurE for acute Pediatric burns (INPREP) trial will implement and evaluate the impact of adjunctive NPWT in parallel with co-designed implementation strategies and resources across four major pediatric hospitals.

Straight to the heart: Protecting the patient's heart during chemotherapy.

How do we protect the heart during chemotherapy with the anthracycline drug class? Tackling this question, Liu et al. combined pluripotent stem cell models, CRISPR genetic screens, and molecular modeling to identify indisulam as a potential cardioprotective drug in this issue of Cell Stem Cell.