Greater symptom burden results in reduced exercise tolerance in adolescents following concussion.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between symptoms and exercise tolerance in adolescents following concussion.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 417 adolescents who attended a concussion service between January 2015 and April 2021 was performed, with 149 meeting eligibility criteria for inclusion. Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) and graded exercise tolerance time (min) were assessed at initial and follow-up visits.

Association of Simple Step Test With Readiness for Exercise in Youth After Concussion.

Objectives: We hypothesized that a submaximal step test would be associated with readiness to commence graded exercise in children and adolescents with concussion.

Methods: Children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years performed standard concussion clinical assessment for vestibular/ocular and balance impairment, and exercise examination utilizing the 3-minute Kasch Pulse Recovery test (KPR) and a symptom-limited graded exercise test (GXT). Outcome measures included activity readiness and symptom exacerbation.

Graded Exercise Testing Predicts Recovery Trajectory of Concussion in Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To determine whether graded exercise testing can predict recovery trajectory of concussion in children and adolescents.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Children's Hospital, Westmead, Australia.

Uncorrected or untreated vision problems and occupational injuries among the adolescent and adult population in Australia.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between uncorrected or untreated vision problems and occupational injuries in the adolescent and adult population in Australia.

Design: National Health Survey conducted via personal interviews with a stratified random sample.

Setting: Population-based.

Duration of sleep and ADHD tendency among adolescents in China.

Objective: This study investigates the association between duration of sleep and ADHD tendency among adolescents.

Method: This population-based health survey uses a two-stage random cluster sampling design. Participants ages 13 to 17 are recruited from the total population of adolescents attending high school in one city of China.

Overweight/obesity and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder tendency among adolescents in China.

Objective: This study aims to investigate whether there is any association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tendency and overweight/obesity among adolescents.

Design: This study was a population-based health survey utilizing a two-stage random cluster sampling design.

Subjects: Subjects were recruited from the total population of adolescents who attended high school years 1, 2 and 3 with ages ranging from 13 to 17 years.

Oral baclofen in children with cerebral palsy: a double-blind cross-over pilot study.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of oral baclofen in reducing spasticity and improving function in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods: A double-blind, randomised cross-over pilot study of oral baclofen versus placebo. Assessment tools included the Goal Attainment Scale, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, Modified Tardieu Scale and parent questionnaire.

Rett syndrome: new clinical and molecular insights.

In this review, we give a clinical overview of Rett syndrome (RTT), and provide a framework for clinical and molecular approaches to the diagnosis of this severe neurodevelopmental disorder. We also discuss issues that need to be considered in the management of RTT patients, and raise some of the challenges associated with genetic counselling.

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder tendency and unintentional injury among adolescents in China.

This study aims to investigate the association between ADD tendency, with or without hyperactivity, and all types of unintentional injuries among adolescents. This study was a population-based health survey utilising a two-stage random cluster sampling design. The study was conducted among high school students in Nanning, the capital city of the Guangxi Province, China.

Different quantitative measures of the impact of injury deaths on the community in the Guangxi Province, China.

Background: Injury has been identified as a major health problem in China. Different quantitative measures based on the concept of years of potential life lost have been derived for assessing the burden of injury and other diseases. However, few studies have been conducted to compare the usefulness of these measures in terms of providing practical information.

Different quantitative measures of the impact of premature deaths on the community in Australia.

Objective: Different quantitative measures based on the concept of years of potential life lost have been derived for assessing the burden of diseases and injuries. However, few studies have been conducted to compare the usefulness of these measures in terms of providing practical information. This study aims to examine the utility of different measures in assessing the impact of premature deaths on Australian society.

High levels of antibody in adults three years after vaccination with a reduced antigen content diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine.

There is increasing interest in prevention of pertussis in adults by vaccination, but little is known about the duration of the antibody response to pertussis, diphtheria or tetanus in reduced antigen content vaccines formulated for adult use. Follow-up of a clinical trial including 550 adults comparing responses to reduced antigen content diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dTpa) vaccine, or a licensed Td vaccine, provided the opportunity to evaluate this. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 12, 24 and 36 months following vaccination; of the original cohort of 550, 387 subjects (dTpa group N=310, Td+pa group N=77) were tested at month 36.

Passenger carriage and car crash injury: a comparison between younger and older drivers.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of passenger carriage, including the number of passengers and the ages of passengers, on the risk of car crash injury. The study utilised data obtained from a case-control study conducted in the Auckland region of New Zealand between 1998 and 1999. Cases were car drivers who involved in crashes in which at least one occupant was hospitalised or killed.

Do all prepubertal years of diabetes duration contribute equally to diabetes complications?

Objective: This study was designed to explore the timeline of protection against complications in prepubertal children with diabetes, in particular the effects of diabetes duration before age 5 years.

Research Design And Methods: In this study, 193 adolescents with prepubertal diabetes onset were followed longitudinally for retinopathy (early background and clinical) and microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate >7.5 micro g/min and >20 micro g/min).

Modulation by blood glucose levels of activity and concentration of paraoxonase in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Paraoxonase (PON) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase, which may prevent the transformation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) into biologically active, atherogenic particles. PON concentration and activity are affected by PON1 gene polymorphisms and found to be altered in type 2 diabetes patients with retinopathy. We investigated serum PON concentration, in vitro activity and polymorphism at position 54 (L/M, Leu-Met54) in 193 Caucasian adolescents and young adults (88 males, 105 females) with type 1 diabetes mellitus, as well as its relationship to the presence of retinopathy.

Effect of Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxins on eukaryotic cells.

Shigella dysenteriae and Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) elaborate the AB holotoxins, Shiga or Shiga-like toxins (Stx). Stx play a major role in the pathogenesis of haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of action of Stx and a model of the pathogenesis of Stx-induced disease.

Rett syndrome: clinical characteristics and recent genetic advances.

Purpose: Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs almost exclusively in females. In recent years there has been increased knowledge concerning the multidisciplinary management of individuals with Rett syndrome. The aim of this paper is to provide an update of the clinical phenotype, natural history and current genetic understanding of the disorder.

Improved outcomes of children with malignancy admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: To assess the acute and long-term outcomes of children admitted to the intensive care unit with cancer or complications after bone marrow transplantation.

Design: Retrospective analysis of databases from a prospective pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) database supplemented by case notes review.

Setting: A PICU in a tertiary pediatric hospital.

Site and mechanics of spontaneous, sleep-associated obstructive apnea in infants.

To examine the mechanics of infantile obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), airway pressures were measured using a triple-lumen catheter in 19 infants (age 1-36 wk), with concurrent overnight polysomnography. Catheter placement was guided by correlations between measurements of magnetic resonance images and body weight of 70 infants. The level of spontaneous obstruction was palatal in 52% and retroglossal in 48% of all events.

Childhood chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: clinical course and long-term outcome.

We reviewed the clinical history, electrophysiologic and pathologic findings, and response to therapy of 16 children with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The majority presented with lower limb weakness. Sensory loss was uncommon.

Newborn screening with tandem mass spectrometry: 12 months' experience in NSW Australia.

Since 1998, the NSW Newborn Screening Program has used electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to analyse samples from all babies born in NSW and the ACT (approximately 95000 per year) for selected amino acids and acylcarnitines. The software rules editor initially interprets all results where ratio of analyte to internal standard is modified by input from the external standard curves per analyte. The numerical results are then downloaded to the NSW Newborn Screening database, which provides automatic, analyte specific follow-up test cascade.