Distribution and frequency of clinical criteria and rating scales for diagnosis and assessment of catatonia in different study types.

Background: A comprehensive assessment of catatonic symptoms is decisive for diagnosis, neuronal correlates, and evaluation of treatment response and prognosis of catatonia. Studies conducted so far used different cut-off criteria and clinical rating scales to assess catatonia. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to examine the frequency and distribution of diagnostic criteria and clinical rating scales for assessing catatonia that were used in scientific studies so far.

Scale-free dynamics of core-periphery topography.

The human brain's cerebral cortex exhibits a topographic division into higher-order transmodal core and lower-order unimodal periphery regions. While timescales between the core and periphery region diverge, features of their power spectra, especially scale-free dynamics during resting-state and their mdulation in task states, remain unclear. To answer this question, we investigated the ~1/f-like pink noise manifestation of scale-free dynamics in the core-periphery topography during rest and task states applying infra-slow inter-trial intervals up to 1 min falling inside the BOLD's infra-slow frequency band.

Sleep spindles and slow waves are physiological markers for age-related changes in gray matter in brain regions supporting problem-solving skills.

As we age, the added benefit of sleep for memory consolidation is lost. One of the hallmark age-related changes in sleep is the reduction of sleep spindles and slow waves. Gray matter neurodegeneration is related to both age-related changes in sleep and age-related changes in memory, including memory for problem-solving skills.

Validation of the Italian version of the Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale.

Purpose: Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome characterized by heterogeneous motor, behavioral and affective alterations, and, in some cases, neurovegetative abnormalities that can be life-threatening. Although the prevalence estimates of catatonia are 10-20% of the hospitalized population, its clinical recognition remains a challenge for most clinicians. Differently from other catatonia rating scales, the Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS) also evaluates the affective alterations that patients experience during catatonia and thus provides a more inclusive assessment of the alterations associated with this condition.

Anorexia nervosa as a disorder of the subcortical-cortical interoceptive-self.

Purpose: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by a diminished capacity in perceiving the physiological correlates of interoceptive sensations, namely bodily self-consciousness. Given the neural division of self-processing into interoceptive-, exteroceptive- and mental-self, we hypothesize neural deficits in the interoceptive-processing regions in AN.

Methods: To prove this, we reviewed resting state (rs), task and rest-task studies in AN literature.

Spatiotemporal Psychopathology - An integrated brain-mind approach and catatonia.

Catatonia is featured by complex symptoms combining motor, affective and behavioral phenomena as well as by its syndrome character with trans-diagnostic occurrence. It paradigmatically shows the limits of current forms of psychopathology like affective and cognitive approaches with respect to both clinical symptoms and brain mechanisms. We therefore suggest Spatiotemporal Psychopathology (STPP) which, as recently introduced, is here developed further following the latest findings in both clinical psychiatry and neuroscience.

The Effect of Coil Orientation on the Stimulation of the Pre-Supplementary Motor Area: A Combined TMS and EEG Study.

Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have demonstrated the importance of direction and intensity of the applied current when the primary motor cortex (M1) is targeted. By varying these, it is possible to stimulate different subsets of neural elements, as demonstrated by modulation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and motor behaviour. The latter involves premotor areas as well, and among them, the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) has recently received significant attention in the study of motor inhibition.

Correspondence between gene expression and neurotransmitter receptor and transporter density in the human brain.

Neurotransmitter receptors modulate signaling between neurons. Thus, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters play a key role in shaping brain function. Due to the lack of comprehensive neurotransmitter receptor/transporter density datasets, microarray gene expression measuring mRNA transcripts is often used as a proxy for receptor densities.

Early life adverse experiences and loneliness among young adults: The mediating role of social processes.

Loneliness has been described as endemic among young people. Such feelings of social isolation 'even in a crowd' are likely linked to adverse early life experiences that serve to diminish perceptions of social support and intensify negative social interactions. It was suggested in the present series of survey studies that childhood abuse, which compromises a child's sense of safety in relationships, may affect social processes that contribute to loneliness in young adulthood.

The Relation Between the Paraphilias and Anxiety in Men: A Case-Control Study.

Despite a multitude of theoretical views, it is still unclear how individuals develop and sustain paraphilic interests (e.g., sexual attraction to children, interest in non-consensual violence).

The nested hierarchy of self and its trauma: In search for a synchronic dynamic and topographical re-organization.

The sense of self has always been a topic of high interest in both psychoanalysis and most recently in neuroscience. Nowadays, there is an agreement in psychoanalysis that the self emerges from the relationship with the other (e.g.

Prediction of depression treatment outcome from multimodal data: a CAN-BIND-1 report.

Background: Prediction of treatment outcomes is a key step in improving the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND) aims to predict antidepressant treatment outcomes through analyses of clinical assessment, neuroimaging, and blood biomarkers.

Methods: In the CAN-BIND-1 dataset of 192 adults with MDD and outcomes of treatment with escitalopram, we applied machine learning models in a nested cross-validation framework.

Assessing Physician's Motivational Communication Skills: 5-Step Mixed Methods Development Study of the Motivational Communication Competency Assessment Test.

Background: Training physicians to provide effective behavior change counseling using approaches such as motivational communication (MC) is an important aspect of noncommunicable chronic disease prevention and management. However, existing evaluation tools for MC skills are complex, invasive, time consuming, and impractical for use within the medical context.

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop and validate a short web-based tool for evaluating health care provider (HCP) skills in MC-the Motivational Communication Competency Assessment Test (MC-CAT).

The origins of catatonia - Systematic review of historical texts between 1800 and 1900.

Since January 1st 2022, catatonia is (again) recognized as an independent diagnostic entity in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This is a relevant time to systematically review how the concept of catatonia has evolved within the 19th century and how this concept changed under the influence of a wide variety of events in the history of psychiatry. Here, we systematically reviewed historical and modern German and English texts focusing on catatonic phenomena, published from 1800 to 1900.

Structural alterations of amygdala and hypothalamus contribute to catatonia.

At present, current diagnostic criteria and systems neglect affective symptom expression in catatonia. This potentially serious omission could explain why putative contributions of limbic system structures, such as amygdala, hippocampus or hypothalamus, to catatonia in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have been scarcely investigated so far. To determine whether topographical alterations of the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus contribute to catatonia in SSD patients, we conducted structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of SSD patients with (SSD-Cat, n = 30) and without (SSD-nonCat, n = 28) catatonia as defined by a Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale (NCRS) total score of ≥3 and =0, respectively, in comparison with healthy controls (n = 20).

Altered amygdala shape trajectories and emotion recognition in youth at familial high risk of schizophrenia who develop psychosis.

Relatives of individuals with schizophrenia have a higher risk of developing the illness compared to the general population. Thus, youth at familial high risk (FHR) offer a unique opportunity to identify neuroimaging-based endophenotypes of psychosis. Previous studies have identified lower amygdalo-hippocampal volume in FHR, as well as lower verbal memory and emotion recognition.

Slow and Powerless Thought Dynamic Relates to Brooding in Unipolar and Bipolar Depression.

Introduction: Depression can be characterized by rumination that is featured by spontaneity and perseveration of internally oriented thoughts. At the same time, depressed subjects complain about abnormal slowness and lack of power/energy in their thoughts, suggesting abnormal "thought dynamics." The relationship between rumination and thought dynamics in depression remains unclear, though.

Intrinsic Shapes of Empathy: Functional Brain Network Topology Encodes Intersubjective Experience and Awareness Traits.

Trait empathy is an essential personality feature in the intricacy of typical social inclinations of individuals. Empathy is likely supported by multilevel neuronal network functioning, whereas local topological properties determine network integrity. In the present functional MRI study (N = 116), we aimed to trace empathic traits to the intrinsic brain network architecture.

Flights and Perchings of the BrainMind: A Temporospatial Approach to Psychotherapy.

This article introduces a process-oriented approach for improving present moment conceptualization in psychotherapy that is in alignment with neuroscience: the model. We elaborate on seven temporal movements that describe the moment-to-moment morphogenesis of emotional feelings and thoughts from inception to maturity. refers to the passage of time through which feelings and thoughts develop, and electromagnetic activity, that among other responsibilities, bind information across time.

Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Technology is ever evolving, with more and more diverse activities becoming possible on screen-based devices. However, participating in a heavy screen-based lifestyle may come at a cost. Our hypothesis was that problematic social media use increased the prevalence of mental health outcomes.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism impairs sensory gating in the auditory cortex in response to speech stimuli.

Deficits in early auditory sensory processing in schizophrenia have been linked to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, but the role of NMDARs in aberrant auditory sensory gating (SG) in this disorder is unclear. This study, conducted in 22 healthy humans, examined the acute effects of a subanesthetic dose of the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on SG as measured electrophysiologically by suppression of the P50 event-related potential (ERP) to the second (S2) relative to the first (S1) of two closely paired (500 ms) identical speech stimuli. Ketamine induced impairment in SG indices at sensor (scalp)-level and at source-level in the auditory cortex (as assessed with eLORETA).

Medial temporal lobe and basal ganglia volume trajectories in persistent negative symptoms following a first episode of psychosis.

Background: Persistent negative symptoms (PNS, e.g., avolition, anhedonia, alogia) are present in up to 30% of individuals diagnosed with a first episode of psychosis and greatly impact functional outcomes.

Remote cognitive assessment in severe mental illness: a scoping review.

Many individuals living with severe mental illness, such as schizophrenia, present cognitive deficits and reasoning biases negatively impacting clinical and functional trajectories. Remote cognitive assessment presents many opportunities for advancing research and treatment but has yet to be widely used in psychiatric populations. We conducted a scoping review of remote cognitive assessment in severe mental illness to provide an overview of available measures and guide best practices.

Dose-response of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: A TMS-EEG study.

Objective: Using concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), this study aims to compare the effect of three intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) doses on cortical activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortex.

Methods: Fourteen neurotypical participants took part in the following three experimental conditions: 600, 1200 and 1800 pulses. TMS-EEG recordings were conducted on the left DLPFC pre/post iTBS, including single-pulse TMS and short- and long-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI, LICI).