Anatomical variant of anteriorly extending mental foramen: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: By sharing this case, we aim to enhance the understanding of the mental foramen's intricate morphology, ultimately promoting safer and more successful surgical practices in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Abstract: In surgical procedures near the mental foramen, preserving this vital structure and its contents is crucial. Surgical treatments, including procedures like implants, orthognathic surgery, and tooth extractions, can potentially lead to injuries of the mental nerve, resulting in sensory disturbances such as numbness or tingling in the lower lip and chin.

Genetic differentiation following recent domestication events: A study of farmed Nile tilapia () populations.

Nile tilapia () is among the most farmed finfish worldwide, distributed across different environmental conditions. Its wide distribution has mainly been facilitated by several breeding programs and widespread dissemination of genetically improved strains. In the first Nile tilapia study exploiting a whole-genome pooled sequencing (Poolseq) approach, we identified the genetic structure and signatures of selection in diverse, farmed Nile tilapia populations, with a particular focus on the GIFT strain, developed in the 1980s, and currently managed by WorldFish ().

SNP discovery and genetic structure in blue mussel species using low coverage sequencing and a medium density 60 K SNP-array.

Blue mussels from the genus are an abundant component of the benthic community, found in the high latitude habitats. These foundation species are relevant to the aquaculture industry, with over 2 million tonnes produced globally each year. Mussels withstand a wide range of environmental conditions and species from the complex readily hybridize in regions where their distributions overlap.

Chromosome-level reference genome for European flat oyster ( L.).

The European flat oyster ( L.) is a bivalve naturally distributed across Europe, which was an integral part of human diets for centuries, until anthropogenic activities and disease outbreaks severely reduced wild populations. Despite a growing interest in genetic applications to support population management and aquaculture, a reference genome for this species is lacking to date.

Two parallel chromosome-level reference genomes to support restoration and aquaculture of European flat oyster .

This volume of Evolutionary Applications sees the publication of two genomes for the European native flat oyster , a species of significant evolutionary, ecological and commercial value. Each is a highly contiguous chromosome-level assembly from individuals of different genetic backgrounds, which have been benchmarked against one another. This situation has resulted from the serendipitous discovery that two independent research groups were both deep into the process of building, annotating and investigating separately produced assemblies.

The cost of host genetic resistance on body condition: Evidence from divergently selected sheep.

Trade-offs between host resistance to parasites and host growth or reproduction can occur due to allocation of limited available resources between competing demands. To predict potential trade-offs arising from genetic selection for host resistance, a better understanding of the associated nutritional costs is required. Here, we studied resistance costs by using sheep from lines divergently selected on their resistance to a common blood-feeding gastro-intestinal parasite ().

Phasing and imputation of single nucleotide polymorphism data of missing parents of biparental plant populations.

This paper presents an extension to a heuristic method for phasing and imputation of genotypes of descendants in biparental populations so that it can phase and impute genotypes of parents that are ungenotyped or partially genotyped. The imputed genotypes of the parent are used to impute low-density (Ld) genotyped descendants to high density (Hd). The extension was implemented as part of the AlphaPlantImpute software and works in three steps.

Ablation of Results in Transient Bone Hypomineralization.

Biomineralization is a fundamental process key to the development of the skeleton. The phosphatase orphan phosphatase 1 (PHOSPHO1), which likely functions within extracellular matrix vesicles, has emerged as a critical regulator of biomineralization. However, the biochemical pathways that generate intravesicular PHOSPHO1 substrates are currently unknown.

Direct allele introgression into pure chicken breeds using Sire Dam Surrogate (SDS) mating.

Poultry is the most abundant livestock species with over 60 billion chickens raised globally per year. The majority of chicken are produced from commercial flocks, however many indigenous chicken breeds play an important role in rural economies as they are well adapted to local environmental and scavenging conditions. The ability to make precise genetic changes in chicken will permit the validation of genetic variants responsible for climate adaptation and disease resilience, and the transfer of beneficial alleles between breeds.

Assessing the genetic diversity of farmed and wild Rufiji tilapia () populations using ddRAD sequencing.

Rufiji tilapia () is an endemic cichlid in Tanzania. In addition to its importance for biodiversity conservation, Rufiji tilapia is also attractive for farming due to its high growth rate, salinity tolerance, and the production of all-male hybrids when crossed with Nile tilapia (). The aim of the current study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of both wild and farmed Rufiji tilapia populations in order to inform conservation and aquaculture practices.

Circadian clock mechanism driving mammalian photoperiodism.

The annual photoperiod cycle provides the critical environmental cue synchronizing rhythms of life in seasonal habitats. In 1936, Bünning proposed a circadian-based coincidence timer for photoperiodic synchronization in plants. Formal studies support the universality of this so-called coincidence timer, but we lack understanding of the mechanisms involved.

Epigenome-wide analyses identify DNA methylation signatures of dementia risk.

Introduction: Dementia pathogenesis begins years before clinical symptom onset, necessitating the understanding of premorbid risk mechanisms. Here we investigated potential pathogenic mechanisms by assessing DNA methylation associations with dementia risk factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-free participants.

Methods: Associations between dementia risk measures (family history, AD genetic risk score [GRS], and dementia risk scores [combining lifestyle, demographic, and genetic factors]) and whole-blood DNA methylation were assessed in discovery and replication samples (n = ~400 to ~5000) from Generation Scotland.

Signatures of selection for bonamiosis resistance in European flat oyster (): New genomic tools for breeding programs and management of natural resources.

The European flat oyster () is a highly appreciated mollusk with an important aquaculture production throughout the 20th century, in addition to playing an important role on coastal ecosystems. Overexploitation of natural beds, habitat degradation, introduction of non-native species, and epidemic outbreaks have severely affected this important resource, particularly, the protozoan parasite which is the main concern affecting its production and conservation. In order to identify genomic regions and markers potentially associated with bonamiosis resistance, six oyster beds distributed throughout the European Atlantic coast were sampled.

How To Build a Bone: PHOSPHO1, Biomineralization, and Beyond.

Since its characterization two decades ago, the phosphatase PHOSPHO1 has been the subject of an increasing focus of research. This work has elucidated PHOSPHO1's central role in the biomineralization of bone and other hard tissues, but has also implicated the enzyme in other biological processes in health and disease. During mineralization PHOSPHO1 liberates inorganic phosphate (P) to be incorporated into the mineral phase through hydrolysis of its substrates phosphocholine (PCho) and phosphoethanolamine (PEA).

Detailed insights into pan-European population structure and inbreeding in wild and hatchery Pacific oysters () revealed by genome-wide SNP data.

Cultivated bivalves are important not only because of their economic value, but also due to their impacts on natural ecosystems. The Pacific oyster () is the world's most heavily cultivated shellfish species and has been introduced to all continents except Antarctica for aquaculture. We therefore used a medium-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to investigate the genetic structure of this species in Europe, where it was introduced during the 1960s and has since become a prolific invader of coastal ecosystems across the continent.

Applications of genotyping by sequencing in aquaculture breeding and genetics.

Selective breeding is increasingly recognized as a key component of sustainable production of aquaculture species. The uptake of genomic technology in aquaculture breeding has traditionally lagged behind terrestrial farmed animals. However, the rapid development and application of sequencing technologies has allowed aquaculture to narrow the gap, leading to substantial genomic resources for all major aquaculture species.

Vaccinating for natural killer cell effector functions.

Vaccination has proved to be highly effective in reducing global mortality and eliminating infectious diseases. Building on this success will depend on the development of new and improved vaccines, new methods to determine efficacy and optimum dosing and new or refined adjuvant systems. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that respond rapidly during primary infection but also have adaptive characteristics enabling them to integrate innate and acquired immune responses.

Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae Infection of the Junbo Mouse.

Acute otitis media, inflammation of the middle ear bulla, is the most common bacterial infection in children. For one of the principal otopathogens, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), animal models allow us to investigate host-microbial interactions relevant to the onset and progression of infection and to study treatment of middle ear disease. We have established a robust model of NTHi middle ear infection in the Junbo mouse.

Molecular neuropathology of the synapse in sheep with CLN5 Batten disease.

Aims: Synapses represent a major pathological target across a broad range of neurodegenerative conditions. Recent studies addressing molecular mechanisms regulating synaptic vulnerability and degeneration have relied heavily on invertebrate and mouse models. Whether similar molecular neuropathological changes underpin synaptic breakdown in large animal models and in human patients with neurodegenerative disease remains unclear.

GplusE: beyond genomic selection.

GplusE is a strategy for genomic selection in which the accuracy of assessment in the reference population for a primary trait such as yield is increased by the incorporation of data from high- throughput field phenotyping platforms. This increase in precision comes from both exploiting genetic relationships between traits and reducing the effect of environmental influences upon them. We describe a collaborative project among researchers and breeders to develop a large reference population of elite UK wheat lines.

Somatic sex identity is cell autonomous in the chicken.

In the mammalian model of sex determination, embryos are considered to be sexually indifferent until the transient action of a sex-determining gene initiates gonadal differentiation. Although this model is thought to apply to all vertebrates, this has yet to be established. Here we have examined three lateral gynandromorph chickens (a rare, naturally occurring phenomenon in which one side of the animal appears male and the other female) to investigate the sex-determining mechanism in birds.