Weight-neutral early time-restricted eating improves glycemic variation and time in range without changes in inflammatory markers.

Early time-restricted eating (eTRE) is a dietary strategy that restricts caloric intake to the first 6-8 h of the day and can effect metabolic benefits independent of weight loss. However, the extent of these benefits is unknown. We conducted a randomized crossover feeding study to investigate the weight-independent effects of eTRE on glycemic variation, multiple time-in-range metrics, and levels of inflammatory markers.

The pupal moulting fluid has evolved social functions in ants.

Insect societies are tightly integrated, complex biological systems in which group-level properties arise from the interactions between individuals. However, these interactions have not been studied systematically and therefore remain incompletely known. Here, using a reverse engineering approach, we reveal that unlike solitary insects, ant pupae extrude a secretion derived from the moulting fluid that is rich in nutrients, hormones and neuroactive substances.

Application of Auxiliary VerifyNow Point-of-Care Assays to Assess the Pharmacodynamics of RUC-4, a Novel αIIbβ3 Receptor Antagonist.

 Prehospital therapy of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with αIIbβ3 antagonists improves clinical outcomes, but they are difficult to use in prehospital settings. RUC-4 is a novel αIIbβ3 antagonist being developed for prehospital therapy of STEMI that rapidly achieves high-grade platelet inhibition after subcutaneous administration. Standard light transmission aggregometry (LTA) is difficult to perform during STEMI, so we applied VerifyNow (VN) assays to assess the pharmacodynamics of RUC-4 relative to aspirin and ticagrelor.

Therapeutic radiation exposure of the abdomen during childhood induces chronic adipose tissue dysfunction.

BACKGROUNDChildhood cancer survivors who received abdominal radiotherapy (RT) or total body irradiation (TBI) are at increased risk for cardiometabolic disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesize that RT-induced adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to the development of cardiometabolic disease in the expanding population of childhood cancer survivors.METHODSWe performed clinical metabolic profiling of adult childhood cancer survivors previously exposed to TBI, abdominal RT, or chemotherapy alone, alongside a group of healthy controls.

Excess dietary fructose does not alter gut microbiota or permeability in humans: A pilot randomized controlled study.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver disease that accompanies obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Excess fructose consumption can initiate or exacerbate NAFLD in part due to a consequence of impaired hepatic fructose metabolism. Preclinical data emphasized that fructose-induced altered gut microbiome, increased gut permeability, and endotoxemia play an important role in NAFLD, but human studies are sparse.

Transcriptomic Profiling of Tape-Strips From Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis Patients Treated With Dupilumab.

Background: Tape-strips are a minimally invasive approach to characterize skin biomarkers in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, they have not yet been used for tracking gene expression changes with systemic treatment.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate gene expression changes and therapeutic response biomarkers in AD patients before and after dupilumab (interleukin 4Rα antibody) treatment using tape-strips to obtain epidermal tissue for analysis.

Comparison of the clinical phenotype and haematological course of siblings with Fanconi anaemia.

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disorder due to mutations in any of the 22 FANC genes (FANCA-FANCW) and has high phenotypic variation. Siblings may have similar clinical outcome because they share the same variants; however, such association has not been reported. We present the detailed phenotype and clinical course of 25 sibling sets with FA from two institutions.

Obesity and ethnicity alter gene expression in skin.

Obesity is accompanied by dysfunction of many organs, but effects on the skin have received little attention. We studied differences in epithelial thickness by histology and gene expression by Affymetrix gene arrays and PCR in the skin of 10 obese (BMI 35-50) and 10 normal weight (BMI 18.5-26.

Association of clinical severity with FANCB variant type in Fanconi anemia.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most common genetic cause of bone marrow failure and is caused by inherited pathogenic variants in any of 22 genes. Of these, only FANCB is X-linked. We describe a cohort of 19 children with FANCB variants, from 16 families of the International Fanconi Anemia Registry.

The effects of trans-resveratrol on insulin resistance, inflammation, and microbiota in men with the metabolic syndrome: A pilot randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background And Aim: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological condition comprised of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. It has become a major threat globally, resulting in rapidly increasing rates of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. The polyphenol resveratrol (RES) is believed to improve glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance by activating sirtuin, which acetylates and coactivates downstream targets and affects glucose and lipid homeostasis in the liver, insulin secretion in the pancreas, and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.

Cortical Response to the Natural Speech Envelope Correlates with Neuroimaging Evidence of Cognition in Severe Brain Injury.

Recent studies identify severely brain-injured patients with limited or no behavioral responses who successfully perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalogram (EEG) mental imagery tasks [1-5]. Such tasks are cognitively demanding [1]; accordingly, recent studies support that fMRI command following in brain-injured patients associates with preserved cerebral metabolism and preserved sleep-wake EEG [5, 6]. We investigated the use of an EEG response that tracks the natural speech envelope (NSE) of spoken language [7-22] in healthy controls and brain-injured patients (vegetative state to emergence from minimally conscious state).

Re-evaluation of the KMSK scales, rapid dimensional measures of self-exposure to specific drugs: Gender-specific features.

Background: The Kreek-McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg (KMSK) scales provide a rapid assessment of maximal self-exposure to specific drugs and can be used as a dimensional instrument. This study provides a re-evaluation of the KMSK scales for cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin in a relatively large multi-ethnic cohort, and also the first systematic comparison of gender-specific profiles of drug exposure with this scale.

Methods: This was an observational study of n = 1,133 consecutively ascertained adult volunteers.

Non-medical Cannabis Self-Exposure as a Dimensional Predictor of Opioid Dependence Diagnosis: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

The impact of increasing non-medical cannabis use on vulnerability to develop opioid use disorders has received considerable attention, with contrasting findings. A dimensional analysis of self-exposure to cannabis and other drugs, in individuals with and without opioid dependence (OD) diagnoses, may clarify this issue. To examine the age of onset of maximal self-exposure to cannabis, alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, in volunteers diagnosed with OD, using a rapidly administered instrument (the KMSK scales).

Identification of Three Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Subtypes by Machine Learning Integration of Synovial Histologic Features and RNA Sequencing Data.

Objective: In this study, we sought to refine histologic scoring of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue by training with gene expression data and machine learning.

Methods: Twenty histologic features were assessed in 129 synovial tissue samples (n = 123 RA patients and n = 6 osteoarthritis [OA] patients). Consensus clustering was performed on gene expression data from a subset of 45 synovial samples.

Can a rapid measure of self-exposure to drugs of abuse provide dimensional information on depression comorbidity?

Background And Objectives: Addictions to heroin or to cocaine are associated with substantial psychiatric comorbidity, including depression. Poly-drug self-exposure (eg, to heroin, cocaine, cannabis, or alcohol) is also common, and may further affect depression comorbidity.

Methods: This case-control study examined the relationship of exposure to the above drugs and depression comorbidity.

Influence of Fasting Status and Sample Preparation on Metabolic Biomarker Measurements in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Epidemiologic data linking metabolic markers-such as insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)-and adipose tissue-derived factors with cancer are inconsistent. Between-study differences in blood collection protocols, in particular participant's fasting status, may influence measurements.

Methods: We investigated the impact of fasting status and blood sample processing time on components of the insulin/IGF axis and in adipokines in a controlled feeding study of 45 healthy postmenopausal-women aged 50-75 years.

Helping Basic Scientists Engage With Community Partners to Enrich and Accelerate Translational Research.

Problem: Engaging basic scientists in community-based translational research is challenging but has great potential for improving health.

Approach: In 2009, The Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science partnered with Clinical Directors Network, a practice-based research network (PBRN), to create a community-engaged research navigation (CEnR-Nav) program to foster research pairing basic science and community-driven scientific aims. The program is led by an academic navigator and a PBRN navigator.

Polysomnographic Study of Sleep in Survivors of Breast Cancer.

Study Objective: Insomnia is a frequent complaint in breast cancer patients during and after treatment. Breast cancer survivors, 1-10 years posttreatment, underwent in-lab polysomnography (PSG) to objectively define the insomnia in those patients with such a complaint.

Methods: Twenty-six breast cancer survivors (aged 39-80, mean 54.