99 results match your criteria: "The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA[Affiliation]"

Male Down syndrome Ts65Dn mice have impaired bone regeneration.

Bone

December 2024

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America. Electronic address:

Trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Ts21) individuals present with a spectrum of low bone mineral density (BMD) that predisposes this vulnerable group to skeletal injuries. To determine the bone regenerative capacity of Down syndrome (DS) mice, male and female Dp16 and Ts65Dn DS mice underwent amputation of the digit tip (the terminal phalanx (P3)). This is a well-established mammalian model of bone regeneration that restores the amputated skeletal segment and all associated soft tissues.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the susceptibility of bone fragility. The underlying mechanisms have, however, remained largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules with utility as biomarkers due to their easy accessibility and stability in bodily fluids.

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Cyclosporin A toxicity on endothelial cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells: Assembling an adverse outcome pathway.

Toxicol In Vitro

March 2025

Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address:

Cyclosporin A (CSA) is a potent immunosuppressive agent in pharmacologic studies. However, there is evidence for side effects, specifically regarding vascular dysfunction. Its mode of action inducing endothelial cell toxicity is partially unclear, and a connection with an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is not established yet.

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Peri-implant bone regeneration in pigs.

Int J Implant Dent

November 2024

Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Purpose: To review the current literature to answer the focused question: in the experimental pig model (population), which types of peri-implant bone defects (exposure) have been used evaluate different modes of therapy and what is their capacity for spontaneous healing and regeneration (outcome)?

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, electronic databases were searched for studies reporting peri-implant bone defects in the maxillae or mandibles of pigs. Those studies which reported a control group of untreated defects with assessment of spontaneous regeneration [new bone area (BA)] and/or re-osseointegration [new bone-to-implant contact (BIC)] via quantitative radiography or histomorphometry were included in a random effects meta-analysis for the outcomes BA and BIC.

Results: Overall, 21 studies, mostly performed in the mandibles of minipigs, were included.

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Background: Septic encephalopathy is frequent but its pathophysiology is enigmatic. We studied expression of neurotransmitters, inflammation and integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in several brain regions during abdominal sepsis. We compared mice with either lethal or surviving phenotype in the first 4 sepsis days.

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides critical support for patients with severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is used for anticoagulation to maintain circuit patency and avoid thrombotic complications, but it increases the risk of bleeding. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized subcellular spheres with potential pro-coagulant properties, are released during cellular stress and may serve as potential targets for monitoring anticoagulation, particularly in thromboinflammation.

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Aims: The aim of this study was to create artificial intelligence (AI) software with the purpose of providing a second opinion to physicians to support distal radius fracture (DRF) detection, and to compare the accuracy of fracture detection of physicians with and without software support.

Methods: The dataset consisted of 26,121 anonymized anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral standard view radiographs of the wrist, with and without DRF. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained to detect the presence of a DRF by comparing the radiographs containing a fracture to the inconspicuous ones.

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Snorkel-tag based affinity chromatography for recombinant extracellular vesicle purification.

J Extracell Vesicles

October 2024

Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid nanoparticles and play an important role in cell-cell communications, making them potential therapeutic agents and allowing to engineer for targeted drug delivery. The expanding applications of EVs in next generation medicine is still limited by existing tools for scaling standardized EV production, single EV tracing and analytics, and thus provide only a snapshot of tissue-specific EV cargo information. Here, we present the Snorkel-tag, for which we have genetically fused the EV surface marker protein CD81, to a series of tags with an additional transmembrane domain to be displayed on the EV surface, resembling a snorkel.

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Targeting senescent cells in aging and COVID-19: from cellular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.

Cell Regen

October 2024

Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.

Article Synopsis
  • - The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted global health, especially affecting elderly individuals who face more severe symptoms due to factors like cellular aging, immune dysfunction, and metabolic issues.
  • - Aging-related characteristics disrupt lung health, leading to worse outcomes for older patients, making it crucial to understand how these factors contribute to COVID-19 severity.
  • - Promising anti-aging treatments, such as senolytic and senomorphic drugs, may help improve age-related dysfunctions and could be repurposed for COVID-19 therapy, enhancing existing treatment strategies.
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Introduction: Viscoelastic hemostatic assays (VHA) are integral in contemporary hemostatic resuscitation, offering insights into clot formation, firmness, and lysis for rapid diagnosis and targeted therapy. Large animal models, particularly swine, provide anatomical and physiological analogies for coagulation research. Despite the growing use of VHAs, the ClotPro device's applicability in porcine models remains unexplored.

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Premature aging effects on COVID-19 pathogenesis: new insights from mouse models.

Sci Rep

August 2024

Division of Basic Research, Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.

Article Synopsis
  • - Aging significantly increases the risk of severe COVID-19, leading to serious lung damage and higher mortality rates, but the biological connections between aging and COVID-19 are still not fully understood.
  • - This study utilized a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) mouse model, which mimics premature aging, to explore how age impacts the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
  • - Results showed that young mice had a strong antiviral response, while aged mice faced severe complications; HGPS mice had milder symptoms, suggesting unique gene expression dynamics that could enhance understanding of COVID-19 in the context of aging.
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The intricate interplay between the developing placenta and fetal-maternal interactions is critical for pregnancy outcomes. Despite advancements, gaps persist in understanding biomechanics, transport processes, and blood circulation parameters, all of which are crucial for safe pregnancies. Moreover, the complexity of fetal-maternal interactions led to conflicting data and methodological variations.

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JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202506000-00029/figure1/v/2024-08-05T133530Z/r/image-tiff Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits (tNGCs).

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Enhancing sepsis biomarker development: key considerations from public and private perspectives.

Crit Care

July 2024

Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Réanimation Polyvalente, Dupuytren University Hospital, CHU de Limoges, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.

Implementation of biomarkers in sepsis and septic shock in emergency situations, remains highly challenging. This viewpoint arose from a public-private 3-day workshop aiming to facilitate the transition of sepsis biomarkers into clinical practice. The authors consist of international academic researchers and clinician-scientists and industry experts who gathered (i) to identify current obstacles impeding biomarker research in sepsis, (ii) to outline the important milestones of the critical path of biomarker development and (iii) to discuss novel avenues in biomarker discovery and implementation.

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Background And Aims: In chronic ischaemic heart failure, revascularisation strategies control symptoms but are less effective in improving left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The aim of this trial is to investigate the safety of cardiac shockwave therapy (SWT) as a novel treatment option and its efficacy in increasing cardiac function by inducing angiogenesis and regeneration in hibernating myocardium.

Methods: In this single-blind, parallel-group, sham-controlled trial (cardiac shockwave therapy for ischemic heart failure, CAST-HF; NCT03859466) patients with LVEF ≤40% requiring surgical revascularisation were enrolled.

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Curcumin is a natural compound that is considered safe and may have potential health benefits; however, its poor stability and water insolubility limit its therapeutic applications. Different strategies aim to increase its water solubility. Here, we tested the compound PVP-curcumin as a photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as well as its potential to act as an adjuvant in antibiotic drug therapy.

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Cellular ROS and Antioxidants: Physiological and Pathological Role.

Antioxidants (Basel)

May 2024

Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen derivatives that include free radicals such as superoxide anion radical (O) and hydroxyl radical (HO), as well as non-radical molecules hydrogen peroxide (HO), peroxynitrite (ONOO), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) [...

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Article Synopsis
  • Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is used to promote healing, but its effectiveness in a standard bone regeneration model involving rats is under examination.
  • In the study, collagen membranes soaked with either rat or human PRF were applied to 5 mm bone defects in rats, showing that rat PRF led to significant new bone formation compared to human PRF.
  • Results indicated that while rat PRF effectively promoted bone regeneration, human PRF showed limited effectiveness in this model, highlighting the need for cautious interpretation when applying findings from rat studies to human contexts.
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Limited substrate availability because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has made the brain develop specific molecular mechanisms to survive, using lactate synthesized by astrocytes as a source of energy in neurons. To understand if lactate improves cellular viability and susceptibility to glutamate toxicity, primary cortical cells were incubated in glucose- or lactate-containing media and toxic concentrations of glutamate for 24 h. Cell death was determined by immunostaining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release.

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Skin aging is the result of two types of aging, "intrinsic aging" an inevitable consequence of physiologic and genetically determined changes and "extrinsic aging," which is dependent on external factors such as exposure to sunlight, smoking, and dietary habits. UVB causes skin injury through the generation of free radicals and other oxidative byproducts, also contributing to DNA damage. Appearance and accumulation of senescent cells in the skin are considered one of the hallmarks of aging in this tissue.

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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) plays a crucial role in cell culture media, influencing cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. Although it is commonly included in chondrogenic differentiation media, its specific function remains unclear. This study explores the effect of different BSA concentrations on the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs).

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Engineering and Transplantation of Axially Vascularized and Epithelialized Flaps in Rats.

Tissue Eng Part A

May 2024

Department of Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany.

Article Synopsis
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induces Vasodilation in Liver Vessels That Is Not Mediated by Unfolded Protein Response.

Int J Mol Sci

March 2024

Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.

There is a growing body of evidence that ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) play a key role in numerous diseases. Impaired liver perfusion and ER stress often accompany each other in liver diseases. However, the exact impact of ER stress and UPR on the hepatic perfusion is not fully understood.

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