Assessing the quality of cardiac rehabilitation programs by measuring adherence to the Australian quality indicators.

Background: Every year, over 65,000 Australians experience an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and around one-third occur in people with prior coronary heart disease. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) aims to prevent a repeat ACS by supporting patients' return to an active and fulfilling lifestyle. CR programs are efficacious, but audits of clinical practice show variability of program delivery, which may compromise patient outcomes.

The effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on sedative-hypnotic use: A narrative review.

Although cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is the recommended 'first-line' treatment for insomnia, most patients are initially treated with sedative-hypnotic medications. Given the risk of impaired cognitive and psychomotor performance, serious adverse events, and long-term dependence associated with sedative-hypnotics, guidelines recommend that prescriptions should be limited to short-term use and that patients are provided with support for withdrawal where possible. CBTi is an effective insomnia treatment in the presence of sedative-hypnotic use.

The Association between Sleep Duration and Quality with Readmissions: An Exploratory Pilot-Study among Cardiology Inpatients.

Readmissions within 30 days of discharge are prominent among patients with cardiovascular disease. Post hospital syndrome hypothesizes that sleep disturbance during the index admission contributes to an acquired transient vulnerability, leading to increased risk of readmission. This study evaluated the association of in-hospital sleep (a) duration and (b) quality with 30-day all-cause unplanned readmission.

The Effect of Multimorbidity Patterns and the Impact of Comorbid Anxiety and Depression on Primary Health Service Use: The Men Androgen Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) Study.

This study sought to determine patterns of multimorbidity and quantify their impact on use of primary health services in the presence and absence of anxiety and depression among a cohort of urban community-dwelling men in Australia. The analytic sample consisted of men ( = 2039; age 38-85) from the follow-up wave of a prospective cohort study of all participants of the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study (FAMAS; Stage 2 [2007-2010]) and age-matched men from the North-West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS; Stage 3 [2008-2010]). Self-reported data and linkage with a national universal health coverage scheme (Medicare) provided information on the prevalence of eight chronic conditions and health service utilization information (including annual GP visits).

Sleep Duration Moderates the Relationship Between Perceived Work-Life Interference and Depressive Symptoms in Australian Men and Women from the North West Adelaide Health Study.

Background: Mental health disorders are prevalent and costly to workplaces and individuals in Australia. Work-life interference is thought to contribute negatively. The interplay between work-life interference, depressive symptoms and sleep has not been explored to date in population data.

Association between Macronutrient Intake and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: An Iso-Caloric Substitution Analysis from the North West Adelaide Health Study.

Epidemiological evidence on the association between macronutrient intake and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is scarce. Using data from the North West Adelaide Health Study, we aimed to determine the association between iso-caloric substitution of macronutrients and EDS. Data from 1997 adults aged ≥ 24 years were analyzed.

Association Between Childhood Behavioral Problems and Insomnia Symptoms in Adulthood.

Importance: Life-course determinants of insomnia, particularly the long-term association of childhood behavioral problems with insomnia later in life, are unknown. As childhood behaviors are measurable and potentially modifiable, understanding their associations with insomnia symptoms may provide novel insights into early intervention strategies to reduce the burden.

Objective: To investigate the association between behavioral problems at 5, 10, and 16 years of age and self-reported insomnia symptoms at 42 years of age.

Sociodemographic, lifestyle and metabolic predictors of all-cause mortality in a cohort of community-dwelling population: an 18-year follow-up of the North West Adelaide Health Study.

Introduction: Studies examining potential factors of all-cause mortality comprehensively at community level are rare. Using long-term community-based follow-up study, we examined the association of sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics, metabolic and chronic conditions, and medication and health service utilisation with all-cause mortality.

Methods: We followed 4056 participants, aged 18-90 years, for 18 years in the North West Adelaide Health Study (NWAHS).

Quantitative electroencephalography measures in rapid eye movement and nonrapid eye movement sleep are associated with apnea-hypopnea index and nocturnal hypoxemia in men.

Study Objectives: Quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) measures of sleep may identify vulnerability to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) sequelae, however, small clinical studies of sleep microarchitecture in OSA show inconsistent alterations. We examined relationships between quantitative EEG measures during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep and OSA severity among a large population-based sample of men while accounting for insomnia.

Methods: All-night EEG (F4-M1) recordings from full in-home polysomnography (Embletta X100) in 664 men with no prior OSA diagnosis (age ≥ 40) were processed following exclusion of artifacts.

Sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of social jetlag in Australian adults: results from the 2016 National Sleep Health Foundation Study.

Social jetlag is a term used to describe misalignment between biological and social time. Measured as the difference in sleep midpoints between work and free days, social jetlag has been associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours and adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of social jetlag, and its sociodemographic and behavioural correlates in 837 respondents who completed the Sleep Health Foundation Australia 2016 online survey.

Influence of Gender on Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Symptoms with Chronic Conditions and Quality of Life.

Women are less likely than men to be diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We examined contemporary gender differences in symptoms, health status, and quality of life associated with diagnosed OSA and OSA symptoms in a population-based sample. A 2015 postal/on-line questionnaire of 2889 active participants of The North West Adelaide Health Study (response rate = 54%, male n = 704; female n = 856; age 30⁻100 years) assessed previously diagnosed OSA, OSA symptoms, insomnia, doctor-diagnosed medical conditions, and the SF-36.

Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Background: Diet is a major determining factor for many non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, evidence on diet-related NCD burden remains limited. We assessed the trends in diet-related NCDs in Australia from 1990 to 2015 and compared the results with other countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Monitoring quality of care in acute myocardial infarction patients using retrospective registry data.

Background: Hospital-based registries provide a key contribution in assessing the quality of care in acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients, although some concern on selection bias of included cases has recently arisen. We investigated the feasibility of a retrospective, population-based registry of MIs in monitoring the quality of care.

Methods: We identified all the hospitalizations with a diagnosis of acute MI among 35-79 years old residents in the Varese province, Northern Italy, in 2007-2008.

Association between nutrient patterns and bone mineral density among ageing adults.

Background And Aim: There is limited evidence on the link between the overall nutrients intake from diet and bone mineral density (BMD). We assessed the association between nutrient patterns and BMD among an ageing Australian population.

Methods: Participants (n = 1135; males, 45.

Associations of childhood, maternal and household dietary patterns with childhood stunting in Ethiopia: proposing an alternative and plausible dietary analysis method to dietary diversity scores.

Background: Identifying dietary patterns that consider the overall eating habits, rather than focusing on individual foods or simple counts of consumed foods, better helps to understand the combined effects of dietary components. Therefore, this study aimed to use dietary patterns, as an alternative method to dietary diversity scores (DDSs), and investigate their associations with childhood stunting in Ethiopia.

Methods: Mothers and their children aged under 5 years (n = 3788) were recruited using a two-stage random cluster sampling technique in two regions of Ethiopia.

Prevalence and comorbidity of sleep conditions in Australian adults: 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep conditions (obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], insomnia symptoms, simple snoring, and restless legs) and their associated burden of chronic conditions in a community sample.

Design: Cross-sectional national adult online survey.

Setting: Community-based sample.

Incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and risk factors of cancer in Australia and comparison with OECD countries, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Background: Comparative evidence on the burden, trend, and risk factors of cancer is limited. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we aimed to assess cancer burden - incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) - and attributable risk factors for Australia between 1990 and 2015, and to compare them with those of 34 members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Methods: The general GBD cancer estimation methods were used with data input from vital registration systems and cancer registries.

Prospective Associations of Dietary and Nutrient Patterns with Fracture Risk: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study.

Studies on long-term exposure to foods/nutrients and its associations with fracture risk are scarce. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), we determined the prospective association of dietary and nutrient patterns with fractures. Data from 15,572 adults aged ≥18 years were analyzed.

Sickness absenteeism is associated with sleep problems independent of sleep disorders: results of the 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey.

Introduction: Sleep disorders are associated with sickness absenteeism (SA), at significant economic cost. Correlates of absenteeism are less well described in nonclinical samples.

Participants And Methods: We determined the relationship between markers of inadequate sleep and SA in a sample of 551 working adults aged ≥18 years across Australia.

Erectile dysfunction is independently associated with apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index in elderly, but not younger, community-dwelling men.

Objective(s): To examine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other sleep indices using polysomnography (PSG) data and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a representative cohort of men.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Community-based.

A comparison of principal component analysis, partial least-squares and reduced-rank regressions in the identification of dietary patterns associated with bone mass in ageing Australians.

Purpose: The relative advantages of dietary analysis methods, particularly in identifying dietary patterns associated with bone mass, have not been investigated. We evaluated principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares (PLS) and reduced-rank regressions (RRR) in determining dietary patterns associated with bone mass.

Methods: Data from 1182 study participants (45.

Chronic Kidney Disease and Sleep Apnea Association of Kidney Disease With Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Population Study of Men.

Study Objectives: To determine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous population studies of the association are sparse, conflicting and confined largely to studies of administrative data.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis in unselected participants of the Men Androgens Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study, aged >40 years.

Sleep health of Australian adults in 2016: results of the 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey.

Objective: To measure the prevalence and social impacts of sleep problems in Australia.

Design: Cross-sectional national adult online survey.

Setting: Community-based sample.