Malicious DNS detection by combining improved transformer and CNN.

With the widespread application of the Internet, network security issues have become increasingly prominent. As an important infrastructure of the Internet, the domain name server has been attacked in various forms. Traditional methods for detecting malicious domain servers are usually based on rules or feature engineering, requiring a large amount of manual participation and rule library updates.

Molecular Modeling of Double Retrograde Vaporization Using Monte Carlo Simulations and Equations of State.

Vapor-liquid equilibria of binary systems consisting of a low-boiling (i.e., more volatile) and a high-boiling compound may exhibit unexpected behavior near the critical point of the low-boiling compound.

Pore-Scale Modeling of the Effect of Wettability on Two-Phase Flow Properties for Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids.

The Darcy-scale properties of reservoir rocks, such as capillary pressure and relative permeability, are controlled by multiphase flow properties at the pore scale. In the present paper, we implement a volume of fluid (VOF) method coupled with a physically based dynamic contact angle to perform pore-scale simulation of two-phase flow within a porous medium. The numerical model is based on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations as well as a phase fraction equation incorporating a dynamic contact angle model with wetting hysteresis effect.

Application of thermo-separating aqueous two-phase system in extractive bioconversion of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Cupriavidus necator H16.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of biodegradable and renewable biopolymers show a huge potential as an alternative to conventional plastics. Extractive bioconversion (in situ product recovery) is a technique that integrates upstream fermentation and downstream purification. In this study, extractive bioconversion of PHAs from Cupriavidus necator H16 was performed via a thermo-separating aqueous two-phase system to reduce the cost and environmental impacts of PHAs production.

Date pits activated carbon for divalent lead ions removal.

Phosphoric acid impregnated activated carbon from date pits (DPAC) was prepared through single step activation. Prepared DPAC was studied for its structural, elemental, chemical, surface and crystal nature. Adsorption ability of the DPAC was assessed through divalent lead ions separation studies.

Clay-Facilitated Aqueous Dispersion of Graphite and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Aerogels Filled with Binary Nanofillers.

Dispersion of graphite in water was achieved using clay as dispersing aid. In the absence of polymer, the clay/graphite suspensions were sufficiently stable to produce aerogels composed of very thin layers of uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) aerogels containing binary nanofillers (clay plus graphite) were then fabricated and tested.

Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging.

Health hazards associated with usage of plastic films for food preservation demands for development of active films from non-toxic and antioxidant rich bio-sources. The reported work highlights the development, characterization and application studies of chitosan films enhanced for their antioxidant activity by mango leaf extract (MLE) incorporation. Effect of MLE variation (1-5%) on the morphology, optical nature, water exposure and mechanical characteristics of the chitosan-MLE composite films was studied.

Ion-Based Metal/Graphene Antibacterial Agents Comprising Mono-Ionic and Bi-Ionic Silver and Copper Species.

Design of novel and more efficient antibacterial agents is a continuous and dynamic process due to the appearance of new pathogenic strains and inherent resistance development to existing antimicrobial treatments. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are highly investigated, yet the role of released ions is crucial in the antibacterial activity of the NP-based systems. We developed herein ion-based, metal/graphene hybrid structures comprising surface-bound Ag and Cu mono-ionic and Ag/Cu bi-ionic species on functionalized graphene, without involvement of NPs.

Multi-scale investigation of the formation and properties of high-grade rutile TiO from titanium slags using microwave heating.

In this paper, the phase transition of titanium slag under microwave heating observed through electron microscopy was systematically investigated. The phase identification and transformation as well as the morphology of samples before and after each treatment were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD confirmed that sodium salt roasting could modify the phase composition of titanium slag.

Preparation and properties of Pb/Sn/Al laminated composite anode for zinc electrowinning.

The use of Pb/Sn/Al composite anode materials has been limited due to the thermodynamic immiscibility between Pb and Al sheets during the welding process. Thus, herein, Sn has been added between Pb and Al sheets to fabricate a Pb/Sn/Al laminated composite vacuum hot-pressing welding (at a temperature of 230 °C for 12 h under 0.5 MPa).

Functional Nano-Coating Materials by Michael Addition and Ring-opening Polymerization: Reactivity, Molecular Architecture and Refractive index.

Understanding the molecular interaction and morphology of organic-inorganic hybrid materials is an important and fundamental assignment to develop novel high-performance materials. In this work, we developed two types of hybrid coating materials by using different silane coupling agents via Michael addition reaction and ring-opening polymerization. The changes in molecular interaction and morphology of the hybrid coatings due to chemical composition and curing temperature were studied by electron microscopy, spectroscopy and solid state Si nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.

Efficient cleaning extraction of silver from spent symbiosis lead-zinc mine assisted by ultrasound in sodium thiosulfate system.

The process to fast recovery of silver from the spent symbiosis lead-zinc mine enhanced by ultrasound has been developed. A system composed of thiosulfate and the spent symbiosis lead-zinc mine under ultrasound radiation is researched and compared with regular methods to prove the superiority of ultrasound enhanced leaching. Oxygen is not provided by the usual way but by the cavitation of ultrasound, and the effect of ultrasonic enhanced leaching is more obvious than oxygen enhanced leaching effect.

Vapor Liquid Equilibria of Binary Mixtures of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Triflate (CmimTfO) and Molecular Solvents: n-Alkyl Alcohols and Water.

Isobaric vapor liquid equilibria (VLE) of binary mixtures of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (CmimTfO) with either water or short chained n-alkyl alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol) are described in this study. Two different microebulliometers and a classical VLE apparatus were compared and the VLEs were determined in the composition range 0.4 ≤ x(solvent) ≤ 1 at three different pressure levels ( p = 500 mbar, 700 mbar, and 1000 mbar).

Correction: Preparation of magnesium silicate/carbon composite for adsorption of rhodamine B.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C7RA12848G.].

Preparation of magnesium silicate/carbon composite for adsorption of rhodamine B.

A magnesium silicate/carbon composite was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method using sodium silicate, magnesium sulfate, glucose and sodium acetate as raw materials. The composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET to understand the morphological and chemical changes. It was found that the composite was composed of amorphous magnesium silicate and amorphous hydrothermal carbon with a layered porous structure and a specific surface area of 235 m g.

Ethylene-co-Vinyl Acetate/MWCNTs/Hectorite Elastomeric Nanocomposites: Characterization and Electrical Properties.

MWCNTs/hectorite 3D hybrid filler was prepared from the 1:1 combination by weight of constituent MWCNTs (1D) and hectorite (2D) through simple dry grinding method. The resulting hybrid filler was subsequently utilized for the preparation of Ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (EVA)/MWCNTs/hectorite nanocomposites by solution intercalation method. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies of the nanocomposites confirm homogeneous dispersion of the fillers in the polymer matrix.

First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Study of a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Choline Chloride/Urea and Its Mixture with Water.

First-principles molecular dynamics simulations in the canonical ensemble at temperatures of 333 and 363 K and at the corresponding experimental densities are carried out to investigate the behavior of the 1:2 choline chloride/urea (reline) deep eutectic solvent and its equimolar mixture with water. Analysis of atom-atom radial and spatial distribution functions and of the H-bond network reveals the microheterogeneous structure of these complex liquid mixtures. In neat reline, the structure is governed by strong H-bonds of the trans- and cis-H atoms of urea to the chloride ion.

Ultrasound-assisted leaching of rare earths from the weathered crust elution-deposited ore using magnesium sulfate without ammonia-nitrogen pollution.

The in situ leaching process of China's unique ion-adsorption rare earth ores has caused severe environmental damages due to the use of (NH)SO solution. This study reports that magnesium sulfate (MgSO) as a leaching agent would replace (NH)SO by ultrasonically assisted leaching to deal with the ammonia-nitrogen pollution problem and enhance leaching process. At leaching conditions of 3wt% MgSO concentration, 3:1L/S ratio and 30min, the total rare earth leaching efficiency reaches 75.

Equilibrium model analysis of waste plastics gasification using CO and steam.

Utilization of carbon dioxide (CO) in thermochemical treatment of waste plastics may significantly help to improve CO recycling, thus simultaneously curtailing dioxins/furans and CO emissions. Although CO is not such an effective gasifying agent as steam, a few investigations have explored the utilization of CO in conjunction with steam to achieve somewhat higher carbon conversion. This work presents a comparative evaluation study of CO and steam gasification of a typical post-consumer waste plastics mixture using an Aspen Plus equilibrium model.

Iron-substituted cubic silsesquioxane pillared clays: Synthesis, characterization and acid catalytic activity.

Novel pillared structures were developed from the intercalation of iron-substituted cubic silsesquioxanes in a sodium and an acid-activated montmorillonite nanoclay and evaluated as acid catalysts. Octameric cubic oligosiloxanes were formed upon controlled hydrolytic polycondensation of the corresponding monomer (a diamino-alkoxysilane) and reacted with iron cations to form complexes that were intercalated within the layered nanoclay matrices. Upon calcination iron oxide nanoparticles are formed which are located on the silica cubes (pillars) and on the surfaces of the clay platelets.

Ultrasound augmented leaching of nickel sulfate in sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide media.

A new method of preparation high purity nickel sulfate assisted by ultrasonic was studied. The process mechanism was analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS).The reaction mechanisms of oxidizing leaching and ultrasonic leaching were explored, respectively.

High-Speed Edge Trimming of CFRP and Online Monitoring of Performance of Router Tools Using Acoustic Emission.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have found wide-ranging applications in numerous industrial fields such as aerospace, automotive, and shipping industries due to their excellent mechanical properties that lead to enhanced functional performance. In this paper, an experimental study on edge trimming of CFRP was done with various cutting conditions and different geometry of tools such as helical-, fluted-, and burr-type tools. The investigation involves the measurement of cutting forces for the different machining conditions and its effect on the surface quality of the trimmed edges.

Pharmaceutical Removal from Water Effluents by Adsorption on Activated Carbons: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study.

Adsorption on activated carbons of five pharmaceutical molecules (ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, paracetamol, and amoxicillin) in aqueous mixtures has been investigated by molecular simulations using the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. A virtual nanoporous carbon model based on polyaromatic units with defects and polar-oxygenated sites was used for this purpose. The simulation results show excellent agreement with available experimental data.

Nanostructured Three-Dimensional (3D) Assembly of 2D MoS and Graphene Directly Build From Acidic Graphite Oxide.

A 3D highly interconnected macroporous network of reduced GO having finely dispersed few-layered 2D MoS nanosheets was constructed through direct use of acidic graphite oxide (GO) for the first time. This facile and technologically scalable process can afford efficient hydrodesulfurization electrocatalysts as potential anode materials at lower cost, and can circumvent the poor thermal stability and recyclability of the material. The strategy provided here can be the basis to design and develop practical processes to address the ultimate goal of large-scale manufacturing of hybrids composed of 2D materials for various energy and catalysis applications.