An endoscopic ultrasound-based interpretable deep learning model and nomogram for distinguishing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic cancer.

To retrospectively develop and validate an interpretable deep learning model and nomogram utilizing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) images to predict pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Following confirmation via pathological examination, a retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 266 patients, comprising 115 individuals diagnosed with PNETs and 151 with pancreatic cancer. These patients were randomly assigned to the training or test group in a 7:3 ratio.

High-density lipoprotein nanoparticles spontaneously target to damaged renal tubules and alleviate renal fibrosis by remodeling the fibrotic niches.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) ultimately causes renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease, thus seriously threatens human health. However, current medications for CKD and fibrosis are inefficient, which is often due to poor targeting capability to renal tubule. In this study, we discover that biomimetic high-density lipoprotein (bHDL) lipid nanoparticles possess excellent targeting ability to injured tubular epithelial cells by kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) mediated internalization.

Ocean wave-driven covalent organic framework/ZnO heterostructure composites for piezocatalytic uranium extraction from seawater.

Piezoelectric catalysis possesses the potential to convert ocean wave energy into and holds broad prospects for extracting uranium from seawater. Herein, the Z-type ZnO@COF heterostructure composite with excellent piezoelectric properties was synthesized through in situ growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) on the surface of ZnO and used for efficient uranium extraction. The designed COFs shell enables ZnO with stability, abundant active sites and high-speed electron transport channels.

Non-linear development in statistical learning of visual orthographic regularities.

Statistical learning is a core ability for individuals in extracting and integrating regularities and patterns from linguistic input. Yet, the developmental trajectory of visual statistical learning has not been fully examined in the orthographic learning domain. Employing an artificial orthographic learning task, we manipulated three levels of positional consistency of radicals, i.

A retrospective analysis on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pSS/AITD pregnancies.

The combined impact of concurrent primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) on pregnancy outcomes remains underreported. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 115 pregnant patients diagnosed with pSS and delivering at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2009 to July 2023. The effects of AITD on maternal and neonatal outcomes were examined and compared to a control group without AITD.

PLIN1 suppresses glioma progression through regulating lipid metabolism.

Glioma is a common and destructive brain tumor, which is highly heterogeneous with poor prognosis. Developing diagnostic and prognostic markers to identify and treat glioma early would significantly improve the therapeutic outcomes. Here, we conducted RNA next-generation sequencing with 33 glioma samples and 15 normal brain samples.

Absent in melanoma 2: a potent suppressor of retinal pigment epithelial-mesenchymal transition and experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical and complex process involved in normal embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. It also contributes to retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Although absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been linked to inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, its role in the EMT of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE-EMT) and retinal diseases remains unclear.

Signaling pathway mechanisms of circadian clock gene Bmal1 regulating bone and cartilage metabolism: a review.

Circadian rhythm is ubiquitous in nature. Circadian clock genes such as Bmal1 and Clock form a multi-level transcription-translation feedback network, and regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including bone and cartilage metabolism. Deletion of the core clock gene Bmal1 leads to pathological bone alterations, while the phenotypes are not consistent.

Tailorable biosensors for real-time monitoring of stress distribution in soft biomaterials and living tissues.

Visualizing mechanical stress distribution in soft and live biomaterials is essential for understanding biological processes and improving material design. However, it remains challenging due to their complexity, dynamic nature, and sensitivity requirements, necessitating innovative techniques. Since polysaccharides are common in various biomaterials, a biosensor integrating a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based tension sensor module and carbohydrate-binding modules (FTSM-CBM) has been designed for real-time monitoring of the stress distribution of these biomaterials.

Recombinant XBB.1.5 boosters induce robust neutralization against KP.2- and KP.3-included JN.1 sublineages.

The newly emerged variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demonstrate resistance to present therapeutic antibodies as well as the capability to evade vaccination-elicited antibodies. JN.1 sublineages were demonstrated as one of the most immune-evasive variants, showing higher neutralization resistance compared to XBB.

Triboelectric sensor gloves for real-time behavior identification and takeover time adjustment in conditionally automated vehicles.

The takeover issue, especially the setting of the takeover time budget, is a critical factor restricting the implementation and development of conditionally automated vehicles. The general fixed takeover time budget has certain limitations, as it does not take into account the driver's non-driving behaviors. Here, we propose an intelligent takeover assistance system consisting of all-round sensing gloves, a non-driving behavior identification module, and a takeover time budget determination module.

Flow chemistry-enabled asymmetric synthesis of cyproterone acetate in a chemo-biocatalytic approach.

Flow chemistry has many advantages over batch synthesis of organic small-molecules in terms of environmental compatibility, safety and synthetic efficiency when scale-up is considered. Herein, we report the 10-step chemo-biocatalytic continuous flow asymmetric synthesis of cyproterone acetate (4) in which 10 transformations are combined into a telescoped flow linear sequence from commercially available 4-androstene-3, 17-dione (11). This integrated one-flow synthesis features an engineered 3-ketosteroid-Δ-dehydrogenase (ReM2)-catalyzed Δ-dehydrogenation to form the C1, C2-double bond of A ring, a substrate-controlled Co-catalyzed Mukaiyama hydration of 9 to forge the crucial chiral C17α-OH group of D ring with excellent stereoselectivity, and a rapid flow Corey-Chaykovsky cyclopropanation of 7 to build the cyclopropyl core of A ring.

Data-driven exploration of weak coordination microenvironment in solid-state electrolyte for safe and energy-dense batteries.

The unsatisfactory ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes hinders their practical use as substitutes for liquid electrolytes to address safety concerns. Although various plasticizers have been introduced to improve lithium-ion conduction kinetics, the lack of microenvironment understanding impedes the rational design of high-performance polymer electrolytes. Here, we design a class of Hofmann complexes that offer continuous two-dimensional lithium-ion conduction channels with functional ligands, creating highly conductive electrolytes.

Stromal architecture and fibroblast subpopulations with opposing effects on outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Dissecting the spatial heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is vital for understanding tumor biology and therapeutic design. By combining pathological image analysis with spatial proteomics, we revealed two stromal archetypes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different biological functions and extracellular matrix compositions. Using paired single-cell RNA and epigenomic sequencing with Stereo-seq, we revealed two fibroblast subsets CAF-FAP and CAF-C7, whose spatial enrichment strongly correlated with the two stromal archetypes and opposing patient prognosis.

Targeting glycolytic reprogramming by tsRNA-0032 for treating pathological lymphangiogenesis.

Lymphangiogenesis is vital for tissue fluid homeostasis, immune function, and lipid absorption. Abnormal lymphangiogenesis has been implicated in several diseases such as cancers, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we elucidate the role of tsRNA-0032 in lymphangiogenesis and its molecular mechanism.

METTL1 coordinates cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression via the m7G modification of the ATF4 mRNA.

Methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1)-mediated m7G modification is a common occurrence in various RNA species, including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, and miRNAs. Recent evidence suggests that this modification is linked to the development of several cancers, making it a promising target for cancer therapy. However, the specific role of m7G modification in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is not well understood.

Adaptive Phase Change Microcapsules for Efficient Sustainable Cooling.

Passive radiative cooling has recently gained significant attention as a highly promising technology that offers a zero-energy and electricity-free solution to tackle the pressing issue of global warming. Nevertheless, research efforts have predominantly focused on enhancing daytime and hot-day radiative cooling efficacy, often neglecting the potential downsides associated with excessive cooling and the consequent increased heating expenses during cold nights and winter days. Herein, we demonstrate a micro-nanostructured engineered composite film that synergistically integrates room-temperature adaptive silica-shell/oil-core phase change microcapsules (S-PCMs) with commercially available cellulose fibers.

Emerging Physics in Magnetic Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Systems.

The hybrid magnetic heterostructures and superlattices, composed of organic and inorganic materials, have shown great potential for quantum computing and next-generation information technology. Organic materials generally possess designable structural motifs and versatile optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, but are too delicate for robust integration into solid-state devices. In contrast, inorganic systems provide robust solid-state interface and excellent electronic properties but with limited customization space.

Structural Basis of Ultralow Capacitances at Metal-Nonaqueous Solution Interfaces.

Metal-nonaqueous solution interfaces, a key to many electrochemical technologies, including lithium metal batteries, are much less understood than their aqueous counterparts. Herein, on several metal-nonaqueous solution interfaces, we observe capacitances that are 2 orders of magnitude lower than the usual double-layer capacitance. Combining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and physical modeling, we ascribe the ultralow capacitance to an interfacial layer of 10-100 nm above the metal surface.

Sesquiterpenes and lignans from the branches and leaves of Wikstroemia micrantha.

One new Sesquiterpene wikstromicrol (1), one new lignan (7R, 8S, 8'S)-9-acetoxyl (-)-isolariciresinol (8), and twelve known compounds were isolated from the branches and leaves of Wikstroemia micrantha. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive interpretation of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra. The bioactivity assay showed that compounds 6 and 7 had weak cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HCT-116, and HL-60 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 33.

The History of Studies on Oxetane Ring Formation in Paclitaxel Biosynthesis.

There is no doubt that breakthroughs in the enzyme-mediated formation of the oxetane ring in paclitaxel biosynthesis constitute significant milestones in the biosynthesis of complex natural products. In this review, we summarize the understanding of the biosynthesis of the oxetane ring of paclitaxel from different viewpoints. Generally, it covers five aspects, (1) a different understanding of the mechanistic formation of the oxetane ring on the basis of sound chemical reasoning, (2) a reasonable speculation of the biosynthetic pathways and suitable surrogate substrates for oxetane ring formation based on the natural and chemical logical analysis, (3) Taxus genome-enabled enzymes identification, (4) the discovery of different enzymes that mediate oxetane ring formation, and (5) a mechanistic investigation involving the use of isotopic labelling experiments and quantum chemical calculations.

Optimized Interface Engineering Enhances Carrier and Phonon Scattering for Superior Thermoelectric Performance in Yb-Filled Skutterudites.

Thermoelectric (TE) performance in materials is often constrained by the strong coupling between carrier and phonon transport, necessitating trade-offs between electrical and thermal properties that limit improvements in the figure of merit (). Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to achieve simultaneous energy filtering and enhanced phonon scattering, effectively optimizing the TE properties of CoSb-based skutterudites. By introducing CuTe nanoprecipitates into the YbCoSb matrix, interfacial barriers are formed, which selectively filter low-energy charge carriers, significantly improving the Seebeck coefficient while maintaining high carrier mobility.

Multi-Resonance 1,4-BN-Heteroarene for Filterless Narrowband Photodetector.

As an emerging class of optoelectronic materials, multi-resonance (MR) 1,4-BN-heteroarenes have been extensively employed as narrowband electroluminescence materials, whereas their absorption feature has largely been neglected. Here we construct the first MR-molecule-based phototransistor for filterless narrowband photodetectors (NBPDs) by anchoring narrowband absorption MR molecules on the high-mobility semiconductor indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) film. The resulting device exhibits high-performance photodetection with a small full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm, which represents a new record for NBPDs based on intrinsic narrowband absorbing materials.