HIGH-RISK INTRAOCULAR RETINOBLASTOMA: Comparison Between Asian Indians and Americans From Two Major Referral Centers.

Purpose: To identify the differences in the clinical and histopathologic features in eyes with advanced intraocular retinoblastoma in a developing country (India) versus a developed country (USA).

Methods: Retrospective study.

Results: Of 524 patients with retinoblastoma who underwent primary enucleation, 331 were from India, and 193 were from the USA.

Interactive navigation-guided ophthalmic plastic surgery: the techniques and utility of 3-dimensional navigation.

Objective: To demonstrate the techniques and utility of 3-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) of the target pathologies for subsequent navigation guidance in ophthalmic plastic surgery.

Design: Prospective interventional case series.

Methods: Stereotactic surgeries using 3D reconstruction of target lesions as the intraoperative image-guiding tool were performed in 5 patients with varied etiopathologies.

Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 in retinoblastoma: A potential therapeutic opportunity for targeting vitreous seeds and hypoxic regions.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), a key enzyme implicated in metabolic reprogramming of tumors, is induced in several tumors including glioblastoma, breast cancer and melanoma. However, the role played by PDK1 is not studied in retinoblastoma (RB). In this study, we have evaluated the expression of PDK1 in RB clinical samples, and studied its inhibition as a strategy to decrease cell growth and migration.

Interactive navigation-guided ophthalmic plastic surgery: the utility of 3D CT-DCG-guided dacryolocalization in secondary acquired lacrimal duct obstructions.

Aim: The aim of this study was to report the preliminary experience with the techniques and utility of navigation-guided, 3D, computed tomography-dacryocystography (CT-DCG) in the management of secondary acquired lacrimal drainage obstructions.

Methods: Stereotactic surgeries using CT-DCG as the intraoperative image-guiding tool were performed in 3 patients. One patient had nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) following a complete maxillectomy for a sinus malignancy, and the other 2 had NLDO following extensive maxillofacial trauma.

Interactive navigation-guided ophthalmic plastic surgery: assessment of optical versus electromagnetic modes and role of dynamic reference frame location using navigation-enabled human skulls.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the anatomical accuracy of navigation technology in localizing defined anatomic landmarks within the orbit with respect to type of technology (optical versus electromagnetic systems) and position of the dynamic reference marker on the skull (vertex, temporal, parietal, and mastoid) using in vitro navigation-enabled human skulls. The role of this model as a possible learning tool for anatomicoradiological correlations was also assessed.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on three cadaveric human skulls using the standard image-guidance acquisition protocols.

Interactive navigation-guided ophthalmic plastic surgery: navigation enabling of telescopes and their use in endoscopic lacrimal surgeries.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to report the preliminary experience of using telescopes, which were enabled for navigation guidance, and their utility in complex endoscopic lacrimal surgeries.

Methods: Navigation enabling of the telescope was achieved by using the AxiEM™ malleable neuronavigation shunt stylet. Image-guided dacryolocalization was performed in five patients using the intraoperative image-guided StealthStation™ system in the electromagnetic mode.

Uveal melanoma: relatively rare but deadly cancer.

Although it is a relatively rare disease, primarily found in the Caucasian population, uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults with a mean age-adjusted incidence of 5.1 cases per million per year. Tumors are located either in iris (4%), ciliary body (6%), or choroid (90%).

Recombinant interferon alpha 2b for ocular surface squamous neoplasia: An efficient and cost-effective treatment modality in Asian Indian patients.

Purpose: The purpose was to study the efficacy of interferon alpha 2b (INF α2b) in the treatment of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and analyze its cost-effectiveness in India.

Study Design: This was a retrospective study of thirty patients with OSSN treated with topical INF α2b (1 MIU/cc) ± perilesional INF α2b (5 MIU/cc).

Results: The tumor involved cornea (n = 9, 30%), conjunctivo-limbal-corneal surface (n = 19, 63%), or bulbar conjunctiva (n = 2, 7%).

Concomitant Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation After Surgical Excision of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.

Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) following wide excisional biopsy with and without primary simple limbal epithelial transplantation (p-SLET).

Design: Nonrandomized clinical study with historical controls.

Methods: setting: Single-institutional study.

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia as the initial presenting sign of human immunodeficiency virus infection in 60 Asian Indian patients.

Purpose: To study the importance of routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening in patients with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and describe their clinical features and management.

Methods: Retrospective study.

Results: Of 228 cases of OSSN screened for HIV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 86 (38%) patients were HIV positive.

Differential Expression of Stem Cell Markers in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia.

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasm (OSSN) is the neoplasia arising from the conjunctiva, cornea and limbus. OSSN ranges from mild, moderate, severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Recent findings on cancer stem cells theory indicate that population of stem-like cell as in neoplasia determines its heterogeneity and complexity leading to varying tumor development of metastatic behavior and recurrence.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia as second primary tumor in a patient with retinoblastoma.

Second primary tumor (SPT) is defined as a second tumor that presents either simultaneously or after the diagnosis of an index tumor. Second primary malignancies are the leading cause of death in patients with heritable retinoblastoma (RB). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as SPT in RB patients, is extremely rare.

Interactive Navigation-Guided Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery: The Usefulness of Computed Tomography Angiographic Image Guidance.

Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate the techniques and usefulness of navigation-guided computed tomography angiography in ophthalmic plastic surgery.

Methods: Stereotactic surgeries using computed tomography angiography as the intraoperative image-guiding tool were performed in 3 patients. One patient had widespread eyelid and orbital vascular malformation and the other 2 had orbital mass lesions located in crucial vascular areas.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva: A case report.

A 40-year-old male presented with an orbital extension of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The orbital mass was seen protruding outward from the left palpebral fissure overhanging the lower eyelid, completely obscuring the globe and lower lid. The patient gave a history of excision biopsy, which was histopathologically diagnosed as ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

Prognosis of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma based on the tumor (T) category of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) based on the T category of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification (7th edition). This is a retrospective interventional case series study. Based on the T category of the AJCC classification, 191 patients with eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma were classified as T1 (n = 1, 1 %), T2 (n = 111, 58 %), T3 (n = 76, 40 %), and T4 (n = 3, 2 %).

Primary orbital yolk sac tumor: report of a case and review of literature.

Germ cell tumor can affect extragonadal sites. Teratoma is a well-recognized extragonadal tumor in the orbit. Primary yolk sac tumor (YST) or endodermal sinus tumor of orbit is rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature.