Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia With Coexistent Microbial Keratitis: Incidence, Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Microbiological Profile, and Treatment Outcome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical features, microbiology, risk factors, and treatment outcomes in cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) with coexisting microbial keratitis (MK).

Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study from a cohort of 939 cases with OSSN.

Results: Twenty eyes (2%) with OSSN and MK were included in the study group and 100 age-matched eyes with only OSSN as controls.

Sex, gender, and retinoblastoma: analysis of 4351 patients from 153 countries.

Objective: To investigate in a large global sample of patients with retinoblastoma whether sex predilection exists for this childhood eye cancer.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 4351 treatment-naive retinoblastoma patients from 153 countries who presented to 278 treatment centers across the world in 2017. The sex ratio (male/female) in the sample was compared to the sex ratio at birth by means of a two-sided proportions test at global level, country economic grouping, continent, and for selected countries.

White Paper on Ophthalmic Imaging for Choroidal Nevus Identification and Transformation into Melanoma.

Purpose: To discuss the evolution of noninvasive diagnostic methods in the identification of choroidal nevus and determination of risk factors for malignant transformation as well as introduce the novel role that artificial intelligence (AI) can play in the diagnostic process.

Methods: White paper.

Results: Longstanding diagnostic methods to stratify benign choroidal nevus from choroidal melanoma and to further determine the risk for nevus transformation into melanoma have been dependent on recognition of key clinical features by ophthalmic examination.

Lag Time between Onset of First Symptom and Treatment of Retinoblastoma: An International Collaborative Study of 692 Patients from 10 Countries.

Background: The relationship between lag time and outcomes in retinoblastoma (RB) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of lag time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of retinoblastoma (RB) in countries based on their national-income and analyse its effect on the outcomes.

Methods: We performed a prospective study of 692 patients from 11 RB centres in 10 countries from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019.

Aurora Kinase B Inhibition: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Cancer.

Aurora kinase B (AURKB) is a mitotic serine/threonine protein kinase that belongs to the aurora kinase family along with aurora kinase A (AURKA) and aurora kinase C (AURKC). AURKB is a member of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and plays a role in cell cycle progression. Deregulation of AURKB is observed in several tumors and its overexpression is frequently linked to tumor cell invasion, metastasis and drug resistance.

Ocular and Periocular Tumors in India: An EyeSmart Electronic Medical Record Analysis of 9633 Cases from a Referral Center.

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of ocular and periocular tumors in patients presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India using the electronic medical records (EMRs) system.

Methods: A retrospective, observational, referral, hospital-based study of 1,142,098 patients. The data were collected using the in-house developed EyeSmart EMR system.

Aurora Kinase B Expression, Its Regulation and Therapeutic Targeting in Human Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Aurora kinase B (AURKB) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mitosis and is gaining prominence as a therapeutic target in cancers; however, the role of AURKB in retinoblastoma (RB) has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to determine if AURKB plays a role in RB, how its expression is regulated, and whether it could be specifically targeted.

Methods: The protein expression of AURKB was determined using immunohistochemistry in human RB patient specimens and immunoblotting in cell lines.

Risk factors for recurrent retinoblastoma after intravenous chemotherapy.

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors and estimate the risk period for tumor recurrence in intraocular retinoblastoma (RB).

Methods: Retrospective study of 60 RB patients.

Results: The mean age at presentation with RB was 16 months (median 11 months; range 1-84 months).

Presumed Natural History of Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium.

Purpose: To correlate structural changes of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE) with patient age.

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: Fifty eyes of 49 patients (age range, 1-74 years) with CHRRPE studied at 9 tertiary vitreoretinal institutions.

Comparative evaluation of clinical characteristics of biopsy-proven conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma using image processing software programs.

Purpose: To identify morphological parameters aiding clinical differentiation of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (iSCC) and to demonstrate the utility of image processing software to objectively assess ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods: This retrospective case series included all biopsy-proven cases of OSSN presenting as an ocular surface nodule. Based on histopathology, lesions were classified as CIN and iSCC.

Preoperative embolisation of orbital solitary fibrous tumour.

Solitary fibrous tumours (SFT) is an encompassing terminology comprising of tumours with proliferating CD34 positive specialised fibroblasts. Orbital SFTs are rare slowly progressive highly vascular neoplasms. Complete surgical excision is considered the mainstay treatment.

Overexpression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 in retinoblastoma.

Introduction: Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1), one of the prognostic markers for colonic and other tumours was noted to be overexpressed in retinoblastoma (Rb) Y79 cancer stem cells. This prompted us to evaluate its expression in primary Rb tumour and serum samples with clinicopathologic correlation. The interacting partner, c-MET was also evaluated in primary tumour tissues to explore the activation of MACC1 signaling.

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma: Influence of Age at Presentation on Outcomes.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between age at presentation and outcomes of patients with periocular sebaceous gland carcinoma.

Methods: Retrospective case series of 241 patients.

Results: Of 241 cases, 29 (12%) were young adults (≤40 years), 122 (51%) were middle-aged adults (41-60 years), and 90 (37%) were older adults (>60 years).

Orbital and periorbital dermoid cysts: Comparison of clinical features and management outcomes in children and adults.

Purpose: To compare differences in clinical presentation and management outcomes of orbital and periorbital dermoid cysts in children and adults.

Methods: A retrospective interventional comparative consecutive case series. 203 patients in (148 children [Age ⩽18 years] and 55 adults [Age >18 years]), who underwent excision biopsy for orbital/periorbital dermoid cyst were included.

Primary orbital polymethylmethacrylate implant following primary enucleation for retinoblastoma: a study of 321 cases.

: To evaluate the outcome of primary orbital polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implant following the primary enucleation for retinoblastoma. : Retrospective study of 321 retinoblastoma patients who underwent unilateral enucleation and PMMA implant for retinoblastoma by myoconjunctival technique. Outcome measures included implant centration and extrusion.

Ocular and Periocular Tumors in Asian Indian Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To describe eye tumors in Indian children (age £ 21 years) presenting to a multi-tier ophthalmology hospital network in India.

Methods: Hospital-record review.

Results: During the 3-year study period (November, 2015-October, 2018), 2911 children were diagnosed with 3003 eye tumors.

Glaucoma as the presenting sign of intraocular tumors: beware of the masquerading sign.

Purpose: To discuss the clinical presentation and management of intraocular tumors masquerading as primary glaucoma or non-tumor-related secondary glaucoma.

Methods: Retrospective chart review.

Results: Ten patients with unsuspected intraocular tumor were referred to glaucoma clinic with a diagnosis of primary glaucoma or non-tumor-related secondary glaucoma.

Neonatal retinoblastoma: A study of five cases.

Purpose: The purpose was to study the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of retinoblastoma (RB) in neonates.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of five patients with RB detected in the 1 month of life.

Results: The mean age at diagnosis of RB was 22 days (median, 24 days; range, 14-28 days).

High-risk retinoblastoma based on age at primary enucleation: a study of 616 eyes.

Purpose: To study the high-risk histopathology features of retinoblastoma based on age at primary enucleation.

Methods: Retrospective study of 616 patients.

Results: The mean age at presentation and primary enucleation for retinoblastoma was 34 months (median, 28 months; range, <1-455 months).

Photodynamic therapy-induced acute exudative maculopathy in a case of choroidal haemangioma.

A patient with choroidal haemangioma in the right eye developed photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced acute exudative maculopathy within a week of being subjected to PDT (for treating the choroidal haemangioma). The condition was managed with an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and responded well to therapy.