Stereospecific Radical Bromination of ß-Aryl Alcohols with Thiourea Additives Through A Serendipitous Discovery of A 1,2-Aryl Migration.

The development of new protocols for stereospecific and stereoselective halogenation transformations by mild reaction conditions is a highly desirable research target for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Following the straightforward methodology for directly transforming a wide scope of alcohols to alkyl bromides and chlorides using substoichiometric amounts of thioureas and N-halo succinimides (NXS) as a halogen source in a single step, we noticed that in apolar solvents bromination of chiral secondary alcohols did not produce the expected racemates. In this study, the stereochemical aspects of the bromination reaction were examined.

ADNP is essential for sex-dependent hippocampal neurogenesis, through male unfolded protein response and female mitochondrial gene regulation.

Essential for brain formation and protective against tauopathy, activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is critical for neurogenesis and cognitive functions, while regulating steroid hormone biogenesis. As such, de novo mutations in ADNP lead to syndromic autism and somatic ADNP mutations parallel Alzheimer's disease progression. Furthermore, clinical trials with the ADNP fragment NAP (the investigational drug davunetide) showed efficacy in women suffering from the tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy and differentially boosted memory in men (spatial) and women (verbal), exhibiting prodromal Alzheimer's disease.

Large language models outperform general practitioners in identifying complex cases of childhood anxiety.

Objective: Anxiety is prevalent in childhood but often remains undiagnosed due to its physical manifestations and significant comorbidity. Despite the availability of effective treatments, including medication and psychotherapy, research indicates that physicians struggle to identify childhood anxiety, particularly in complex and challenging cases. This study aims to explore the potential effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) language models in diagnosing childhood anxiety compared to general practitioners (GPs).

Electrophysiology Reveals That Intuitive Physics Guides Visual Tracking and Working Memory.

Starting in early infancy, our perception and predictions are rooted in strong expectations about the behavior of everyday objects. These intuitive physics expectations have been demonstrated in numerous behavioral experiments, showing that even pre-verbal infants are surprised when something impossible happens (e.g.

Thermal Rates and High-Temperature Tunneling from Surface Reaction Dynamics and First-Principles.

Studying dynamics of the dissociative adsorption and recombinative desorption of hydrogen on copper surfaces has shaped our atomic-scale understanding of surface chemistry, yet experimentally determining the thermal rates for these processes, which dictate the outcome of catalytic reactions, has been impossible so far. In this work, we determine the thermal rate constants for dissociative adsorption and recombinative desorption of hydrogen on Cu(111) between 200 and 1000 K using data from reaction dynamics experiments. Contrary to current understanding, our findings demonstrate the predominant role of quantum tunneling, even at temperatures as high as 400 K.

Intensification of a rain system imparted by Mediterranean mesoscale eddies.

Ocean mesoscale eddies, with km size, present in energetic regions of the global ocean, are known to impact local and remote atmospheric weather. The impact of eddies in the Mediterranean Sea on the local weather, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we study this impact during an extreme weather event observed over Israel on January , 2020, resulting in heavy rains and floods.

Migraine and work - beyond absenteeism: Migraine severity and occupational burnout - A cohort study.

Background: Migraine, a condition affecting 12% of the population, is a prevalent cause of disability, significantly impacts individuals during their most productive working years. Several studies have established that a migraine patient's job performance is often limited by absenteeism and presenteeism. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of migraines on occupational burnout, which affects up to 40% of workers.

Chaim Sheba (1908-1971) and the Israeli health system.

Chaim Sheba was one of Israel's most influential medical figures. An internist by training, Sheba was among the founding fathers of the Israeli military medical system and took part in shaping its unique local model. Between 1950 and 1952, he was the Health Ministry's Director General, and soon after was appointed Head of Tel-Hashomer Hospital.

Sex-Specific ADNP/NAP (Davunetide) Regulation of Cocaine-Induced Plasticity.

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder estimated to effect 1-3% of the population. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is essential for brain development and functioning, shown to be protective in fetal alcohol syndrome and to regulate alcohol consumption in adult mice. The goal of this study was to characterize the role of ADNP, and its active peptide NAP (NAPVSIPQ), which is also known as davunetide (investigational drug) in mediating cocaine-induced neuroadaptations.

Co-occurrence of Traditional and Cyberbullying Victimization Among Adolescents: Characteristics, Psychological Difficulties, and Resilience.

This study examines whether students' experience of combined victimization, the experience of both traditional bullying and cyberbullying, is correlated with psychological difficulties. Additionally, the study examines whether Israeli students who cope with combined victimization differ in their resilience resources from students who experience solely traditional bullying, cyberbullying, or neither. Participants included 430 students aged 13-15 years from four Israeli schools who completed self-report questionnaires.

Semantic meaning enhances feature-binding but not quantity or precision of locations in visual working memory.

Recent studies showed that real-world items are better remembered in visual working memory (VWM) than visually similar stimuli that are stripped of their semantic meaning. However, the exact nature of this advantage remains unclear. We used meaningful and meaningless stimuli in a location-reproduction VWM task.

Morality, Social Inclusion, and In-Group Superiority: The Differential Role of Individualizing and Binding Foundations in Perceptions of the Social Identity of In-Group and Out-Group Members.

Research into social identity and morality judgments typically focuses on how the former influences the latter. We approach this theme from the opposite direction, establishing the influence of morality on perceptions of social identity. In three studies, conducted in two cultures, we show that in-group members acting immorally are excluded from the group.

Multi-metric predictors of radiofrequency-treated trigeminal neuralgias.

Evaluation of neurovascular compression-related trigeminal neuralgia (NVC-TN) and its resolution through microvascular decompression are demonstrable by MRI and intraoperatively [Leal . (Atrophic changes in the trigeminal nerves of patients with trigeminal neuralgia due to neurovascular compression and their association with the severity of compression and clinical outcomes: Clinical article. .

Voltage dependence of M2 muscarinic receptor antagonists and allosteric modulators.

Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that play a role in various physiological functions. Previous studies have shown that these receptors, along with other GPCRs, are voltage-sensitive; both their affinity toward agonists and their activation are regulated by membrane potential. To our knowledge, whether the effect of antagonists on these receptors is voltage-dependent has not yet been studied.

TORC2 is required for the accumulation of γH2A in response to DNA damage.

TOR protein kinases serve as the catalytic subunit of the TORC1 and TORC2 complexes, which regulate cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. In the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cells lacking TORC2 or its downstream kinase Gad8 (AKT or SGK1 in human cells) exhibit sensitivity to a wide range of stress conditions, including DNA damage stress. One of the first responses to DNA damage is the phosphorylation of C-terminal serine residues within histone H2AX in human cells (γH2AX), or histone H2A in yeast cells (γH2A).

CSM Software: Continuous Symmetry and Chirality Measures for Quantitative Structural Analysis.

We present a comprehensive and updated Python-based open software to calculate continuous symmetry measures (CSMs) and their related continuous chirality measure (CCM) of molecules across chemistry. These descriptors are used to quantify distortion levels of molecular structures on a continuous scale and were proven insightful in numerous studies. The input information includes the coordinates of the molecular geometry and a desired cyclic symmetry point group (, , , or ).

A non-symmetrical p97 conformation initiates a multistep recruitment of Ufd1/Npl4.

experiments and cryo-EM structures of p97 and its cofactor, Ufd1/Npl4 (UN), elucidated substrate processing. Yet, the structural transitions and the related ATPase cycle upon UN binding remain unresolved. We captured two discrete conformations: One in which D1 protomers are ATP bound, while the D2 subunits are in the ADP state, presumably required for substrate engagement with the D2 pore; and a heterologous nucleotide state within the D1 ring in which only two NTDs are in the "up" ATP state that favors UN binding.

Long-term cognitive outcomes in Susac syndrome: A case series.

Susac syndrome (SuS) presents with encephalopathy, visual disturbances, and hearing loss from immune-mediated microvascular occlusion. While acute SuS is well-described, long-term cognitive outcomes with current treatments are underknown. We assessed ten SuS patients treated in accordance with evidence-based guidelines using immunotherapies targeting humoral and cell-mediated pathways.

High capacity clinical SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing using combinatorial pooling.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to unprecedented testing demands, causing major testing delays globally. One strategy used for increasing testing capacity was pooled-testing, using a two-stage technique first introduced during WWII. However, such traditional pooled testing was used in practice only when positivity rates were below 2%.

Stochastic Sensing of Chloride Anions Using an α-Hemolysin Pore with a semiaza-Bambusuril Adapter.

Pores containing molecular adapters provide internal selective binding sites, thereby allowing the stochastic sensing of analytes. Herein, we demonstrate that semiaza-bambusuril (BU) acts as a non-covalent molecular adapter when lodged within the lumen of the wild-type α-hemolysin (WT-αHL) protein pore. Because the bambusurils are recognized as anion receptors, the anion binding site within the adapter-nanopore complex allows the detection of chloride anions, thus converting a non-selective pore into an anion sensor.

Perspective judgment across adulthood: Evidence from bilinguals.

Judging the perspective of others often requires ignoring one's own accessible knowledge. Aging increases reliance on the most available knowledge and may decrease the adjustment of this knowledge to adopt another perspective. Using a dominant language also decreases control demands, while using a nondominant language promotes deliberation.

Voltage Sensors Embedded in G Protein-Coupled Receptors.

Some signaling processes mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are modulated by membrane potential. In recent years, increasing evidence that GPCRs are intrinsically voltage-dependent has accumulated. A recent publication challenged the view that voltage sensors are embedded in muscarinic receptors.

Exploring Post-Traumatic Growth Among Young Adults Coping With Parental Loss: The Role of Resilience and of Willingness to Seek Psychological Help.

This study examined the roles of resilience and willingness to seek psychological help in influencing Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) among 173 emerging adults who experienced parental loss during their school years. A positive relationship was found between resilience, the willingness to seek psychological help, and PTG. Participants who endured loss over five years prior manifested increased PTG (New-Possibilities, Spiritual Change, and Appreciation of Life sub-scales) relative to those with more recent losses.

Vibrational energy transfer in collisions of molecules with metal surfaces.

The Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA), which serves as the basis for our understanding of chemical bonding, reactivity and dynamics, is routinely violated for vibrationally inelastic scattering of molecules at metal surfaces. The title-field therefore represents a fascinating challenge to our conventional wisdom calling for new concepts that involve explicit electron dynamics occurring in concert with nuclear motion. Here, we review progress made in this field over the last decade, which has witnessed dramatic advances in experimental methods, thereby providing a much more extensive set of diverse observations than has ever before been available.