578 results match your criteria: "The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta"[Affiliation]"

The Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antitumor Proprieties of Flavonol-Rich Extracts from (Wild Garlic) Leaves: A Comparison of Conventional Maceration and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Techniques.

Int J Mol Sci

November 2024

Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Despite the growing interest in using natural compounds for disease prevention and treatment, (wild garlic), known for its therapeutic properties, has not been extensively studied for its chemical composition and biological activities. Therefore, this study aims to explore the in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities of extracts according to their functional phytochemical profile, while assessing whether ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) enhances bioactive properties in comparison to conventional maceration (CM). Both extracts were characterized by spectrophotometric methods and LC-ESI+-MS.

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Background: Brain metastases (BM) from gastric cancer (GC) are rare but associated with poor prognosis, significantly impacting patient survival and quality of life. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to consolidate existing research on BM from GC, evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes, and explore the effectiveness of treatment options.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across the Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, following PRISMA guidelines.

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Lynch syndrome (LS) is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndrome in human populations, associated with germline variants in MLH1, MSH2/EPCAM, MSH6 and PMS2 genes. The advent of next generation sequencing has proven a significant impact in germline variant detection in the causative genes; however, a large proportion of patients with clinical criteria still receive uncertain or negative results. PMS2 is the least frequent reported gene, associated with up to 15% of LS cases with late-onset disease and low penetrance phenotype; however, the proportion of PMS2-LS cases is considered to be highly underestimated.

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New -substituted AB-type phenothiazinyl porphyrins and ferrocenylvinyl phenothiazinyl porphyrin were synthesised by Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions, respectively. The free porphyrins were further used in the synthesis of new indium(iii) or zinc(ii) porphyrin complexes. All porphyrins exhibit red fluorescence emission in solution, a property that remains unimpaired following internalisation in ovarian A2780 cancer cells, as evidenced by fluorescence microscopy images.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Vasculitis is a rare condition that causes inflammation of blood vessels and can affect various body systems, making diagnosis and treatment challenging due to its diverse symptoms.
  • - Large vessel vasculitis (LVV), specifically giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK), can lead to severe health issues, and early detection is vital to prevent potential organ damage.
  • - Imaging techniques like CT angiography, ultrasound, MRI, and PET-CT play a crucial role in diagnosing LVV by showing signs of vessel wall changes, and a collaborative approach among healthcare professionals is essential for better patient care.
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Lung Cancer in Romania.

J Thorac Oncol

November 2024

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.

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Background And Aims: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment is challenged by late detection and limited therapeutic options. Aberrant DNA methylation, a common epigenetic alteration in NSCLC, offers new therapeutic avenues. This study aims to evaluate the combined effects of 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza), an epigenetic modifier, and ionizing radiation (IR) on NSCLC, exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

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Objectives: Interval debulking surgery has similar outcomes and less morbidity compared with primary debulking in advanced ovarian cancer. However, there is controversy regarding the selection of chemotherapy-resistant clones. Complete resection is an essential prerequisite, and near-infrared surgery combined with various techniques for highlighting malignant foci strives to achieve actual complete resection.

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Introduction: Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) of soft tissue is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma affecting usually lower extremities in young adults. The main challenges in the management of this disease include difficulties in diagnosis, aggressiveness of the cancer with rapid progression, and inadequate treatment, especially in small centers with few cases.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a young woman diagnosed with CCS of soft tissue, stage IV.

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Impact of Sarcopenia on Treatment Outcomes and Toxicity in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Medicina (Kaunas)

October 2024

Department of Oncological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Article Synopsis
  • Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle mass loss, is found in up to 68% of rectal cancer patients and negatively affects survival and tumor response, although research on its impact in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is limited.
  • A study at the Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology examined 50 LARC patients who underwent total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT), assessing muscle mass via MRI before and after therapy.
  • The findings showed that a lower overall complete response rate (oCR) of 18% was significantly tied to post-treatment sarcopenia, and patients who experienced muscle loss during therapy had worse clinical outcomes and higher instances of cystitis and thrombocytopenia.
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Article Synopsis
  • * Analyzing a cohort of 51 patients, the median disease-free survival (DFS) was 46 months, with significant correlations found between DFS and factors like IMDC score, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, tumor size, and Fuhrman nuclear grade.
  • * Notably, 51% of patients experienced disease relapse, with 42% of these relapses occurring after 60 months post-surgery, indicating the importance of long-term monitoring for nmRCC patients.
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Background: Dysregulated pathways in cancer may be hub addicted. Identifying these dysregulated networks for targeting might lead to novel therapeutic options.

Objective: Considering the hypothesis that central hubs are associated with increased lethality, identifying key hub targets within central networks could lead to the development of novel drugs with improved efficacy in advanced metastatic solid tumors.

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The road to overcome pancreatic cancer: Where are we?

Heliyon

October 2024

Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an intricate malignancy with poor prognosis. In the present state of the art review paper and clinical trial trend analysis, we explore the current clinically employed state of pancreatic cancer body of knowledge and future research directions. When considering PDACs' molecular biology, we underline the role of PanIN in carcinogenesis and mutational gain, as well as the distinctive tumor microenvironment with the characteristic dense fibrotic stroma.

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A functional hydrogel containing biopolymer microcarriers loaded with dexamethasone was developed to address the hearing loss that results from cisplatin ototoxicity. The drug delivery platform was tested both in vitro in the HEI-OC1 inner ear cell line and in vivo in a rat animal model. The newly described formula offered prolonged release of the contained dexamethasone for up to six days and transformed into a solid state at body temperature, thus counteracting its clearing through the Eustachian tube when injected into the middle ear.

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Article Synopsis
  • Alström disease is a rare genetic disorder linked to mutations in the ALMS1 gene, causing diverse issues across multiple organ systems, including heart and sensory problems, but with significant variability between patients.
  • The case study focuses on a 4-month-old girl who showed symptoms like dilated cardiomyopathy and neurosensory deficits, prompting genetic testing that confirmed Alström syndrome.
  • The findings highlight the challenges in linking specific genetic mutations to clinical symptoms, underscoring the need for more research on phenotype-genotype relationships in Alström disease.
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MiRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs acting as gene expression regulators by modulating the lifespan of messenger RNA. Commonly referred to as the most frequent leukemia in the Western world, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of CD19, CD23, and CD5-positive mature B-cells. While this pathology is regarded as less aggressive and has a variety of treatment options, the cause of its clinical heterogeneity is not yet understood.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A pooled analysis of clinical trials showed that patients receiving this combination treatment had better overall survival (17.4 months) compared to those receiving chemotherapy alone (11.3 months) at a median follow-up of 73.7 months.
  • * The combination treatment also resulted in higher progression-free survival and objective response rates without new safety concerns, making it a promising first-line option for hard-to-treat NSCLC cases.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study compares a new minimally-invasive lymph node dissection technique for penile cancer (MILND) with the traditional open approach (OILND) to evaluate patient outcomes.
  • Between 2016 and 2023, results showed that MILND had shorter operation times, shorter hospital stays, and fewer days with drainage compared to OILND, while also yielding similar or better lymph node results.
  • Additionally, MILND led to a lower rate of major complications, suggesting it may enhance patient safety and recovery compared to the standard approach.
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Background And Objectives: Rectal cancer accounts for approximately one-third of colorectal cancers, with over 340,000 deaths globally in 2022. Despite advancements in treatment, the five-year overall survival for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains at 74%, with significant morbidity. B7H3 (CD276), an immune checkpoint protein, plays a role in tumor progression and resistance to therapy, and correlates with poor prognosis in various cancers, including colorectal cancer.

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Prostate cancer (PC) represents the second most common diagnosed cancer in men. The burden of diagnosis and long-term treatment may frequently cause psychiatric disorders in patients, particularly depression. The most common PC treatment option is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which may be associated with taxane chemotherapy.

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The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rectal cancer management has significantly increased over the last decade, in line with more personalized treatment approaches. Total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) plays a pivotal role in the shift from traditional surgical approach to non-surgical approaches such as 'watch-and-wait'. MRI plays a central role in this evolving landscape, providing essential morphological and functional data that support clinical decision-making.

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Background: We report 5-year efficacy and safety outcomes from CheckMate 9LA in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) and exploratory analyses in key patient subgroups.

Methods: Adults with stage IV/recurrent NSCLC and no sensitizing EGFR/ALK alterations were randomized to receive nivolumab plus ipilimumab with chemotherapy (n = 361) or chemotherapy (n = 358). Outcomes were assessed in all randomized patients and subgroups.

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Dual-Modal Near-Infrared Organic Nanoparticles: Integrating Mild Hyperthermia Phototherapy with Fluorescence Imaging.

Int J Nanomedicine

September 2024

Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.

Article Synopsis
  • The study aims to create dual-modal organic-nanoagents for treating early-stage cutaneous melanoma, focusing on improving cancer therapy and real-time imaging techniques using nanotechnology and NIR molecular imaging.
  • PLGA nanoparticles were developed to encapsulate a specific near-infrared dye, tested for their effectiveness, stability, and biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, showing promising results in enhancing photothermal therapy for melanoma treatment.
  • Findings indicated that the nanoparticles could efficiently induce localized hyperthermia in tumor regions, promoting cellular death and immune response while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue, suggesting a potential for more effective and safer melanoma therapies.
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