Classification of accommodative insufficiency by monocular subjective push-up test is poorly predictive of monocular objective amplitudes in children and young adults.

Introduction: To determine whether classification of accommodative insufficiency (AI) based on the subjective push-up test is indicative of reduced amplitude measured objectively.

Methods: Monocular subjective accommodative amplitude was measured in participants 7-24 years of age with the push-up test; a 0.9 mm letter was moved towards the eye until first sustained blur occurred.

One-year follow-up of clinical convergence measures in children enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial.

Purpose: To assess the long-term stability of clinical measures of convergence (near point of convergence [NPC] and positive fusional vergence [PFV]) in participants enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART) who received 16 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy.

Methods: A total of 310 children, 9-14 years old, with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were enrolled in CITT-ART. Some 270 completed both their 16-week primary outcome visit followed by a 1-year follow-up visit.

Predicting the onset of myopia in children by age, sex, and ethnicity: Results from the CLEERE Study.

Significance: Clinicians and researchers would benefit from being able to predict the onset of myopia for an individual child. This report provides a model for calculating the probability of myopia onset, year-by-year and cumulatively, based on results from the largest, most ethnically diverse study of myopia onset in the United States.

Purpose: This study aimed to model the probability of the onset of myopia in previously nonmyopic school-aged children.

Effects of vision therapy on near exodeviation in children with convergence insufficiency treated during the convergence insufficiency treatment trials.

Purpose: To report the change in the magnitude of near exodeviation in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial.

Methods: A total of 131 children 9-14 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency classified as successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy at the 16-week outcome visit were included. Masked examiners measured the near ocular deviation by the prism and alternate cover test at baseline, primary outcome and 1-year post-treatment.

Process and Outcomes of Fitting Corneoscleral Profilometry-Driven Scleral Lenses for Patients With Ocular Surface Disease.

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of obtaining cornea scleral profile (CSP) measurements using Scheimpflug imaging and report on the fitting process of free-form custom scleral lenses (SLs) for patients with ocular surface disease (OSD).

Methods: This prospective study of patients fit with free-form SLs collected data on the following: demographics, indications for wear, corneal and scleral tomography, scan acquisition process, and SL fitting process.

Results: Cornea scleral profile scans were acquired on 15 eyes of nine patients.

Normative Performance Profiles of College Aged Esport Athletes in a Pilot Study.

Aims: This study aimed to holistically assess the physical and cognitive attributes of esport athletes.

Methods And Results: Forty-six adults between 18 and 32 years old with experience playing videogames were enrolled in this study. Participants completed assessments in five areas: demographics, self-report questionnaires, cognitive performance, physical performance, and gaming performance.

The association between pupillary responses and axial length in children differs as a function of season.

The association between pupillary responses to repeated stimuli and adult refractive error has been previously demonstrated. This study evaluated whether this association exists in children and if it varies by season. Fifty children aged 8-17 years (average: 11.

Repeated Low-level Red-light Therapy: The Next Wave in Myopia Management?

Exposure to long-wavelength light has been proposed as a potential intervention to slow myopia progression in children. This article provides an evidence-based review of the safety and myopia control efficacy of red light and discusses the potential mechanisms by which red light may work to slow childhood myopia progression.The spectral composition of the ambient light in the visual environment has powerful effects on eye growth and refractive development.

Visual Acuity Prediction Based on Different Refraction Types For Patients With Down Syndrome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if control observers can be used as surrogates to predict visual acuity (VA) of patients with Down syndrome (DS).

Methods: Thirty adults with DS were enrolled in a clinical trial testing three refraction types: clinical refraction and two using wavefront aberration measures to optimize the metrics pupil fraction tessellated (PFSt) and visual Strehl ratio (VSX). Monocular VA was obtained through habitual refractions and each experimental refraction type.

Quality of life after wearing multifocal contact lenses for myopia control for 2 weeks in the BLINK Study.

Purpose: To validate Pediatric Refractive Error Profile 2 (PREP2) subscales that can be used to evaluate contact lens wearers and compare vision-specific quality of life measurements between children wearing multifocal and single vision contact lenses for 2 weeks.

Methods: Two hundred and ninety-four myopic children aged 7-11 years (inclusive) were enrolled in the 3-year, double-masked Bifocal Lenses In Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study. Participants completed the PREP2 survey after having worn contact lenses for 2 weeks.

Evaluation of Rinsing Options for Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses.

Objectives: This study assessed the efficacy of various saline solutions as alternative methods to rinsing rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses with tap water.

Methods: The exiting fluid pressure of five commercially available saline solutions was measured using a venous pressure transducer system. Rigid gas permeable lenses were cleaned with one of two commercially available cleaners and then rinsed with one of five saline solutions or with tap water.

Accommodation in Children after 4.7 Years of Multifocal Contact Lens Wear in the BLINK Study Randomized Clinical Trial.

Significance: When worn for myopia control in children, soft multifocal contact lenses with a +2.50 D add reduced the accommodative response over a 3-year period, but wearing them for more than 4 years did not affect accommodative amplitudes, lag, or facility.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the accommodative response to a 3D stimulus between single-vision, +1.

Prescribing patterns for paediatric hyperopia among paediatric eye care providers.

Purpose: To survey paediatric eye care providers to identify current patterns of prescribing for hyperopia.

Methods: Paediatric eye care providers were invited, via email, to participate in a survey to evaluate current age-based refractive error prescribing practices. Questions were designed to determine which factors may influence the survey participant's prescribing pattern (e.

Novel silicone elastomer contact lenses designed for simultaneous viewing of distance and near eye displays.

Significance: As technology advances, there is a need for a safe and well-fitting contact lens that can be utilized to carry embedded components without concerns of decreasing oxygen permeability to the eye.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess fitting characteristics, vision and performance of a novel ultra-high Dk silicone elastomer contact lens having a fully encapsulated two-state polarizing filter and a high-powered central lenslet that allows viewing at distance and viewing of a near eye display, while managing the concomitant high water vapor permeability of the material.

Methods: 15 participants were fit with the silicone elastomer study lenses.

Efficacy and Safety of 0.01% and 0.02% Atropine for the Treatment of Pediatric Myopia Progression Over 3 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The global prevalence of myopia is predicted to approach 50% by 2050, increasing the risk of visual impairment later in life. No pharmacologic therapy is approved for treating childhood myopia progression.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of NVK002 (Vyluma), a novel, preservative-free, 0.

Dioptric differences between clinically determined and metric-optimised refractions for adults with Down syndrome.

Purpose: Refractions based on the optimisation of single-value wavefront-derived metrics may help determine appropriate corrections for individuals with Down syndrome where clinical techniques fall short. This study compared dioptric differences between refractions obtained using standard clinical techniques and two metric-optimised methods: visual Strehl ratio (VSX) and pupil fraction tessellated (PFSt), and investigated characteristics that may contribute to the differences between refraction types.

Methods: Thirty adults with Down syndrome (age = 29 ± 10 years) participated.

Evaluation of a Pilot Protocol for Detecting Infant Hyperopia.

Significance: Highly hyperopic children are at greater risk for developing conditions such as strabismus, amblyopia, and early literacy and reading problems. High hyperopia is a common finding in infants in a pediatric medical practice, and early detection can be done effectively in that setting with tropicamide autorefraction.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot screening program to detect high hyperopia in 2-month-old infants in a pediatric medical practice in Columbus, Ohio.